1913 Establishments In Mexico on:
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* January 1 – Shih Kien, Shek Kin, Hong Kong actor (d. 2009)
* January 2 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)
* January 4 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan head of state (d. 2007)
* January 6
** Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
** Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
* January 7 – Victor H. Krulak, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2008)
* January 9
** Eric Berry (actor), Eric Berry, British actor (d. 1993)
** Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
* January 10
** Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
** Mehmet Shehu, 23rd Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1981)
* January 11
** Karl Stegger, Danish actor (d. 1980)
** Jean Murrell Capers, American judge (d. 2017)
* January 15
** Eugène Brands, Dutch painter (d. 2002)
** Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
** Alexander Marinesko, Soviet naval officer (d. 1963)
* January 17 – Everett Parker, American civil rights activist (d. 2015)
* January 18 – George Unwin, British World War II fighter ace (d. 2006)
* January 22
** Henry Bauchau, Belgian novelist, poet and psychoanalyst (d. 2012)
** William Conway (cardinal), William Conway, Irish cardinal (d. 1977)
** Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
* January 23
** Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter (d. 1960)
** Wally Parks, American founder of the NHRA (d. 2007)
* January 25
** Huang Hua, Foreign Minister of China (d. 2010)
** Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
* January 29
** Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)
** Peter von Zahn, German journalist, writer (d. 2001)
* February 2 – Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
* February 4
**Frank P. Keller, American Film editing, film editor (d. 1977)
**Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
**Richard Seaman, British motor racing driver (d. 1939)
* February 6 – Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
* February 8
** Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973)
** Norman H. Boke, American plant anatomist (d. 1996)
* February 10
** Douglas Slocombe, British cinematographer (d. 2016)
** Bill White (rugby union born 1913), Bill White, Australian rugby union player (d. 1969)
* February 14
** Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
** Woody Hayes, American college football coach (d. 1987)
** Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
* February 19 – Frank Tashlin, American animation director (d. 1972)
* February 20 – Tommy Henrich, American baseball player (d. 2009)
*
* March 1 – R. S. R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
* March 2 – Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
* March 4 – John Garfield, American actor (d.
* May 1
** Roy Matsumoto, American army officer (d. 2014)
** Louis Nye, American comedian, actor (d. 2005)
** Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
* May 4 – Hisaya Morishige, Japanese actor (d. 2009)
* May 5 – Fred J. Doocy, American politician, banker (d. 2017)
* May 6 – Stewart Granger, Anglo-American actor (d. 1993)
* May 8
** Bob Clampett, American director (''Looney Tunes'') (d. 1984)
** Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
** Sid James, South African-born British actor, comedian (d. 1976)
** Charles Scorsese, American actor, father of Martin Scorsese (d. 1993)
* May 11 – Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
* May 13
** Liu Xuyi, Chinese historian (d. 2018)
** William Tolbert, President of Liberia (d. 1980)
* May 16
** Gheorghe Apostol, Romanian communist politician (d. 2010)
** Woody Herman, American musician, band leader (d. 1987)
** Paul R. Norby, American naval officer (d. 2015)
* May 19 – Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Indian politician, 6th President of India (d. 1996)
* May 20
** Teodoro Fernández, Peruvian soccer player (d. 1996)
** William Redington Hewlett, William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
* May 22 – Benedict Garmisa, American politician (d. 1985)
*
* July 1
** Lee Guttero, American basketball player (d. 2004)
** Noel Miller, Australian cricketer (d. 2007)
** Frederick Malkus, American politician (d. 1999)
** André Tollet, French upholsterer, trade unionist and communist (d. 2001)
** Frank Barrett (baseball), Frank Barrett, American relief pitcher (d. 1998)
** Mario Acerbi, Italian football player (d. 2010)
** Joana Raspall i Juanola, Spanish writer and librarian (d. 2013)
** Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam, Indian Army Chief (d. 2000)
* July 3 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
* July 4 – Barbara Weeks (film actress), Barbara Weeks, American actress (d. 2003)
* July 5
** Elwood Cooke, American tennis player (d. 2004)
** Smiley Lewis, American New Orleans rhythm and blues singer, guitarist (d. 1966)
* July 6 – Vance Trimble, American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, author (d. 2021)
* July 7
** Pinetop Perkins, American blues musician (d. 2011)
** Lu Ann Meredith, American actress (d. 1998)
* July 8 – Alejandra Soler, Spanish politician and schoolteacher (d. 2017)
* July 9
** Ted Grant, South African Trotskyist (d. 2006)
** William M. Zachacki, (d. 1969)
* July 10
** Elizabeth Inglis, English actress (d. 2007)
** Joan Marsh, American actress (d. 2000)
* July 11 – Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ghanese nationalist leader, 2nd Prime Minister of Ghana (d. 1978)
* July 12
** Sultan Hamid II (d. 1978)
** Edith Nash, American educator, poet (d. 2003)
** Rufus Rogers, New Zealand doctor, politician (d. 2009)
** Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
* July 13
** Kay Linaker, American actress (d. 2008)
** Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish shipping magnate (d. 2012)
* July 14
** Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
** René Llense, French football goalkeeper (d. 2014)
** Princess Urraca of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, (d. 1999)
* July 15
** Gene Wettstone, American gymnastics coach (d. 2013)
** Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)
** Abraham Sutzkever, Yiddish language poet, memoirist (d. 2010)
* July 16
** Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor, singer (d. 2003)
** Herman Gundlach, American football offensive lineman (d. 2005)
** Antoine Raab, German footballer (d. 2006)
** Carmen Acevedo Vega, Ecuadorian poet, writer, and journalist (d. 2006)
* July 17
** Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier (d. 2012)
** Bertrand Goldberg, American architect (d. 1997)
* July 18
** N. Krishnaswami Reddy, Indian lawyer (d. 2002)
** Du Runsheng, Chinese military officer, politician, and economist (d. 2015)
** Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
* July 19
** Fred Agnich, American politician (d. 2004)
** Manouchehr Sotodeh, Iranian geographer (d. 2016)
* July 20
** Irma Córdoba, Argentine actress (d. 2008)
** Guillermo Leaden, Argentine bishop (d. 2014)
* July 22
** Esteban Reyes, Mexican tennis player (d. 2014)
** Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader, songwriter (d. 1995)
** Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano (d. 2014)
* July 23
** Coral Browne, Australian actress (d. 1991)
** Michael Foot, British politician (d. 2010)
* July 24 – Robert Emhardt, American actor (d. 1994)
* July 26 – Kan Yuet-keung, Hong Kong banker, politician and lawyer (d. 2012)
* July 28 – Hedley Kett, British naval officer (d. 2014)
* July 29 – Erich Priebke, German war criminal, leader of the 1944 Ardeatine massacre (d. 2013)
* July 30 – Lou Darvas, American artist, cartoonist (d. 1987)
* August 8 – Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator (d. 2006)
* August 9 – Tadeusz Kotz, Polish World War II fighter ace (d. 2008)
* August 10
** Noah Beery Jr., American actor (d. 1994)
** Wolfgang Paul, German physicist (d. 1993)
* August 13
** Fred Davis (snooker player), Fred Davis, English snooker, billiards player (d. 1998)
** Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. 1977)
* August 16
** Menachem Begin, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
** Helen F. Holt, American politician (d. 2015)
* August 17
** W. Mark Felt, American FBI Associate Director, ''Deep Throat'' Watergate informant (d. 2008)
** Rudy York, American baseball player (d. 1970)
* August 18 – Nils Löfgren, Swedish chemist (d. 1967)
* August 20 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
* August 22 – James W. Downing, American naval officer and author (d. 2018)
* August 26 – Boris Pahor, Slovenian writer (d. 2022)
* August 27 – Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
* August 28
** Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
** Richard Tucker (tenor), Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
* August 29
** Jackie Mitchell, Baseball Pitcher (d. 1987)
** Jan Ekier, Polish pianist, composer (d. 2014)
* August 30 – Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
* August 31
** Helen Levitt, American photographer (d. 2009)
** Bernard Lovell, British radio astronomer (d. 2012)
** Michael Gover, English actor (d. 1987)
* September 1 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter, graphic artist (d. 1979)
* September 2
** Alex Lovy, American animator (d. 1992)
** Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician (d. 2009)
** Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager (d. 1981)
* September 3 – Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)
* September 4
** Mickey Cohen, American gangster (d. 1976)
** Boone Guyton, American test pilot (d. 1996)
** Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
** Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect (d. 2005)
* September 6 – Julie Gibson, American singer and actress (d. 2019)
* September 10
** Lincoln Gordon, American diplomat (d. 2009)
** Zephania Mothopeng, South African politician, activist (d. 1990)
* September 11
** Bear Bryant, Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
** Eugenia Rawls, American actress (d. 2000)
* September 12
** Jesse Owens, African-American athlete (d. 1980)
** Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist (d. 2013)
* September 13
** Roy Engel, American actor (d. 1980)
** Trần Đại Nghĩa, North Vietnamese army general (d. 1997)
* September 14
** Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
** Annalisa Ericson, Swedish actress (d. 2011)
* September 15 – John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General, convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
*
* November 2 – Burt Lancaster, American actor, best known for his role in ''Elmer Gantry (film), Elmer Gantry'' (d. 1994)
* November 3
** Marika Rökk, Egyptian-born Austrian singer, dancer and actress (d. 2004)
** Antony Mitradas, Indian film director (d. 2017)
* November 5 – Vivien Leigh, British actress, best known for her role in ''Gone with the Wind (film), Gone With The Wind'' (d. 1967)
* November 6 – Aisha Abd al-Rahman, Egyptian writer (d. 1998)
* November 7
** Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
** Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor (d. 2009)
** Tahira Tahirova, Azerbaijani politician (d. 1991)
* November 8 – Max Desfor, American photographer (d. 2018)
* November 10
** Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
** Sun Yun-suan, Chinese engineer, politician (d. 2006)
* November 11 – Rosemary Inyama, educator, politician, businesswoman and community developer (d. unknown)
* November 13
** Landrum Bolling, American political scientist and academic administrator (d. 2018)
** Lon Nol, 2-Time Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 1985)
** Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
* November 15 – Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
* November 16 – Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (d. 2015)
* November 18 – Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter (d. 1999)
* November 21
** John Boulting, English film director (d. 1985)
** Roy Boulting, English film director, producer (d. 2001)
* November 22
** Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)
** Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
** Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player and coach (d. 2016)
** Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
** Jacqueline Vaudecrane, French figure skater (d. 2018)
* November 23 – William Krehm, Canadian author, journalist and political activist (d. 2019)
* November 24 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (d. 2005)
* November 25 – Lewis Thomas, American physician, essayist (d. 1993)
* December 1 – Mary Martin, American actress (d. 1990)
* December 2 – Jerry Sohl, American scriptwriter (d. 2002)
* December 6
** Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
** Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
* December 9 – Cynthia Chalk, American photographer (d. 2018)
* December 10 – Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
* December 11 – Jean Marais, French actor (d. 1998)
* December 13 – Arnold Brown (General of The Salvation Army), Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
* December 15 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
* December 16 – George Ignatieff, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace (d. 1989)
* December 18
** Lynn Bari, American actress (d. 1989)
** Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
** Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
* December 21 – Arnold Friberg, American artist (d. 2010)
* December 23 – Frank Pierpoint Appleby, Canadian politician (d. 2015)
* December 25
** Candy Candido, American voice actor (d. 1999)
** Tony Martin (American singer), Tony Martin, American singer and actor (d. 2012)
** Henri Nannen, German journalist, mass media owner (d. 1996)
* December 26 – Frank Swift, English footballer (d. 1958)
* December 28
**Lou Jacobi, Canadian-American actor (d. 2009)
**Charles Maxwell (actor), Charles Maxwell, American actor (d. 1993)
* December 29 – Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 2002)
*
* February 2 – Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and inventor (b. 1845)
* February 4 – Gordon Sprigg, Sir Gordon Sprigg, British Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (b. 1830)
*
*
* May 1 – John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
* May 2
** Tancrède Auguste, Haitian general, 20th President of Haiti (b. 1856)
** Metropolitan Baselios Paulose I, Indian bishop (b. 1836)
* May 6 – Elena Guro, Russian painter and writer (b. 1877)
* May 8 – Louis Adolphus Duhring, American physician (b. 1845)
* May 16 – Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
* May 19 – Gabriel Loppé, French painter and photographer (b. 1825)
* May 25 – Alfred Redl, Austrian military intelligence officer, double agent (honorable suicide) (b. 1864)
* May 27 – Catherine Amanda Coburn, American journalist, newspaper editor (b. 1834)
* May 28 – John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, British politician and scientist (b. 1839)
* June 2 – Alfred Austin, English Poet Laureate (b. 1835)
*
* July 1 – Emanuel M. Abrahams, American politician (b. 1866)
* July 3 – Horatio Nelson Young, American Civil War naval hero (b. 1845)
* July 5 – Prince Arisugawa Takehito (b. 1862)
* July 7 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Union Army officer, diplomat and politician (b. 1841)
* July 10
** Mikoláš Aleš, Austro-Hungarian painter (b. 1835)
** John Valentine Ellis, Canadian journalist (b. 1835)
* July 11 – Charles Lavigne, Ceylonese Roman Catholic and Syro Malabar Catholic bishop and Servant of God (b. 1840)
* July 13 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
* July 16 – Sigismund Bachrich, Hungarian composer (b. 1841)
* July 17 – Esther Saville Allen, American author (b. 1837)
* July 19 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer, politician and 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
* July 20 – Vsevolod Rudnev, Russian admiral (b. 1855)
* July 22 – Adhémar Esmein, French jurist (b. 1848)
** Eduardo López Rivas, Venezuelan editor and journalist (b. 1850)
* July 29 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
* July 30
** Lady Alicia Blackwood, English painter (b. 1818)
** Warren F. Daniell, American politician, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire (b. 1826)
** Itō Sachio, Japanese poet and novelist (b. 1864)
* August 3
** Josephine Cochrane, American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (b. 1839)
** Joseph Graybill, American actress (b. 1887)
* August 4 – Étienne Laspeyres, German economist (b. 1834)
* August 7 – Samuel Franklin Cody, American-born British aviation pioneer (b. 1867)
* August 9 – Wilhelm Albermann, German sculptor (b. 1835)
* August 10 – Jules Desbrochers des Loges, French entomologist (b. 1836)
* August 11
** Vasily Avseenko, Russian journalist and writer (b. 1842)
** Natalie Zahle, Danish educator and women's rights activist (b. 1827)
* August 13 – August Bebel, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1840)
* August 20 – Émile Ollivier, 24th Prime Minister of France (b. 1825)
* August 22 – Oscar de Négrier, French general (b. 1839)
* August 28 – Fyodor Kamensky, Russian sculptor (b. 1836)
* August 29 – Lars Havstad, Norwegian activist (b. 1851)
* September 1 – Patriarch and Metropolitan Lukijan Bogdanović (b. 1867)
*September 2 - Bill Miner, American bandito and stagecoach robber (b. 1847)
* September 4 – Henry Billings Brown, American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1836)
* September 9 – Paul de Smet de Naeyer, 16th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1843)
* September 13 – Arandzar, Armenian poet and writer (b. 1877)
* September 16 – Julius Lewkowitsch, German engineer (b. 1857)
* September 18 – Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky (b. 1872)
* September 20 – Ferdinand Blumentritt, Filipino author (b. 1853)
* September 29 – Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
* September 30
** Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi, Siamese princess (b. 1876)
** Antoni Klawiter, Polish Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1836)
* October 4
** Josep Tapiró Baró, Spanish painter (b. 1836)
** Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (b. 1864)
** Eleanor Cripps Kennedy, Canadian businessman (b. 1825)
* October 5 – Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
* October 7 – Ivan Banjavčić, Croatian politician and philanthropist (b. 1843)
* October 10
**Adolphus Busch, German-American brewer, co-founder of Anheuser-Busch (b. 1839)
** Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1835)
** Katsura Tarō, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1848)
* October 12 – Elisabeth Leisinger, German soprano (b 1864)
* October 13 – Leonid Sobolev, 6th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1844)
* October 16 – Ralph Rose, American Olympic athlete (b. 1885)
* October 19 – Charles Tellier, French engineer, inventor of the chemical refrigerator (b. 1828)
* October 20 – Viktor Kirpichov, Russian engineer and physicist (b. 1845)
* October 21 – Theodor Kolde, German Protestant theologian (b. 1850)
* October 23 – Edwin Klebs, Swiss-German pathologist, discoverer of Diphtheria bacterium (b. 1834)
* October 29 – Darío de Regoyos, Spanish painter (b. 1857)
* October 31 – William Evans-Gordon, Sir William Evans-Gordon, British diplomat and politician (b. 1857)
* November 3 – Sava Grujić, Serbian diplomat, general and politician, 5-time Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1840)
* November 4 – Fredericus Anna Jentink, Dutch zoologist (b. 1844)
* November 7 – Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
* November 6 – Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet (d. 1951)
* November 8 – Ferdinand Abell, American businessman (b. 1835)
* November 16 – George Barham, Sir George Barham, English businessman, founder of Express County Milk Supply Company (b. 1836)
* November 21 – Francesco Acri, Italian philosopher (b. 1834)
* November 22 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b. 1837)
* November 25 – Haviland Le Mesurier, Australian soldier (b. 1856)
* November 28 – George B. Post, American architect (b. 1837)
* December 1
** Juho Lallukka, Finnish businessman (b. 1852)
** Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet and short story writer (b. 1864)
* December 5 – Ferdinand Dugué, French playwright (b. 1816)
* December 7
** Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman, last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
** Aaron Montgomery Ward, American businessman, inventor of mail order (b. 1844)
* December 8 – František Koláček, Austro-Hungarian physicist (b. 1851)
* December 10 – Léon Letort, French aviator (b. 1889)
* December 11
** Abraham Hirsch (architect), Abraham Hirsch, French architect (b. 1828)
** Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein (b. 1852)
** Ioan Kalinderu, Romanian jurist (b. 1840)
* December 12 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
* December 13 – Birger Kildal, Norwegian businessman (b. 1849)
* December 15 – Miguel Lebrija, Mexican aviator (b. 1887)
* December 19 – Anthimus VII of Constantinople, Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople (b. 1827)
* December 25 – Alberto Aguilera, Spanish politician (b. 1842)
* December 26 – Ambrose Bierce, American writer, journalist (disappeared on this date) (b. 1842)
* December 27 – Infanta Antónia of Portugal (b. 1845)
*
excerpt and text search
covers 20 major world cities * Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 269–96. * {{Authority control 1913,
Events
January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. *January 13
Events Pre-1600
* 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years.
* 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...
– Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...
militias to resist home rule for Ireland.
* January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (January 23, 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte ( tr, Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by ...
: Ismail Enver comes to power.
* January – Stalin (whose first article using this name is published this month) travels to Vienna to carry out research. Until he leaves on February 16 the city is home simultaneously to him, Hitler, Trotsky and Tito alongside Berg, Freud
Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in ...
and Jung
Carl Gustav Jung ( ; ; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philo ...
and Ludwig
Ludwig may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Ludwig (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Ludwig (surname), including a list of people
* Ludwig Ahgren, or simply Ludwig, American YouTube live streamer and co ...
and Paul Wittgenstein
Paul Wittgenstein (November 5, 1887March 3, 1961) was an Austrian-American concert pianist notable for commissioning new piano concerti for the left hand alone, following the amputation of his right arm during the First World War. He devised nove ...
.
February
*February 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
* 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...
– New York City's Grand Central Terminal
Grand Central Terminal (GCT; also referred to as Grand Central Station or simply as Grand Central) is a commuter rail terminal located at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Grand Central is the southern terminus ...
, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station
A train station, railway station, railroad station or depot is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight or both. It generally consists of at least one platform, one track and a station building providing such ...
.
* February 3
Events Pre-1600
* 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
*1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
*1488 – ...
– The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Sup ...
is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes on all sources of income, not just some.
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (baptized 15 May 1567 – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered ...
's last opera '' L'incoronazione di Poppea'' is performed theatrically for the first time in more than 250 years, in Paris.
* February 9 – Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: " La Decena Trágica", the rebellion of some military chiefs against the President Francisco I. Madero, begins.
* February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
– Thubten Gyatso, the 13th Dalai Lama, declares the independence of Tibet from Qing dynasty China.
* February 18 – Mexican Revolution: President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez are forced to resign. Pedro Lascuráin serves as president for less than an hour, before General Victoriano Huerta, leader of the coup, takes office.
* February 22 – Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Francisco I. Madero and José María Pino Suárez are assassinated.
* February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– Joseph Stalin is arrested by the Russian secret police, the Okhrana
The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order (russian: Отделение по охранению общественной безопасности и порядка), usually called Guard Department ( rus, Охранное отд ...
, in Petrograd
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, and exiled to Siberia.
March
* March ** The House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of its succession to the throne, amidst an outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia. ** Following the assassination of his rival Song Jiaoren, Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolveChina
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
's parliament, and rules as a dictator.
* c. March 1 – British steamship ''Calvados'' disappears in the Sea of Marmara, with 200 on board.
* March 3 – The Woman Suffrage Procession takes place in Washington, D.C. led by Inez Milholland
Inez Milholland Boissevain (August 6, 1886 – November 25, 1916) was a leading American suffragist, lawyer, and peace activist.
From her college days at Vassar, she campaigned aggressively for women’s rights as the principal issue of a wi ...
on horseback.
* March 4
** Woodrow Wilson is sworn in
Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to giv ...
, as the 28th President of the United States.
** The U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Labor are established, by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor. The Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is a United States federal agency that defines and manages a national coordinate system, providing the foundation for transportation and communication; mapping and charting; and a large number of applications ...
form part of the Department of Commerce.
* March 4– 6 – First Balkan War – Battle of Bizani
The Battle of Bizani (, ''Máchi tou Bizaníou''; tr, Bizani Muharebesi, italic=no) took place in Epirus on . The battle was fought between Greek and Ottoman forces during the last stages of the First Balkan War, and revolved around the forts ...
: Forces of the Kingdom of Greece capture the forts of Bizani
Bizani ( el, Μπιζάνι) is a village and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal uni ...
(covering the approaches to Ioannina
Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often called Yannena ( ' ) within Greece, is the capital and largest city of the Ioannina regional unit and of Epirus, an administrative region in north-western Greece. According to the 2011 census, the c ...
) from the Ottoman Empire.
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
– British freighter ''Alum Chine'', carrying 343 tons of dynamite, explodes in Baltimore
Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was d ...
harbour.
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra
Canberra ( )
is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...
.
* March 13 – Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Pancho Villa returns to Mexico, from his self-imposed exile in the United States.
* March 17 – The Military Aviation Academy (Escuela de Aviación Militar) is founded in Uruguay, to become the Military Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Militar) on 4 December 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
(the Uruguayan Air Force (FAU) will grow from this foundation).
* March 18 – King George I of Greece is assassinated after 50 years on the throne; he is succeeded by his son Constantine I
Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea ...
.
* March 20 – Sung Chiao-jen
Song Jiaoren (, ; Given name at birth: Liàn 鍊; Courtesy name: Dùnchū 鈍初) (5 April 1882 – 22 March 1913) was a Chinese republican revolutionary, political leader and a founder of the Kuomintang (KMT). Song Jiaoren led the KMT to elec ...
, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party ( Kuomintang), is wounded in an assassination attempt, and dies two days later.
** The city of Canberra
Canberra ( )
is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...
, the center of the Australian Capital Territory, becomes the official capital of the Commonwealth of Australia.
* March 23 – Supporters of Phan Xích Long begin a revolt against colonial rule in French Indochina.
* March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
– The Great Dayton Flood, after four days of rain in the Miami Valley, kills over 360 and destroys 20,000 homes (chiefly in Dayton, Ohio).
* March 26
** Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe, and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government, as head of the ''Constitutionals''.
** Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...
: The Siege of Adrianople ends, when Bulgarian forces take Adrianople
Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis (Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, ...
from the Ottomans.
April
* April –Bernhard Kellermann
Bernhard Kellermann (4 March 1879, Fürth, Kingdom of Bavaria – 17 October 1951) was a German author and poet.
Life
Bernhard Kellermann enrolled in 1899 at Technical University Munich initially in general studies, but later focused on G ...
's novel ''Der Tunnel
''Der Tunnel'' is a made-for-television German film released in 2001 and loosely based on true events in Berlin following
the closing of the East German border in August 1961 and the subsequent construction of the Berlin Wall. Roland Suso Rich ...
'' is published.
* April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...
– The United States Soccer Federation is formed.
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the direct election of United States senators in each state. The amendment supersedes Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and2 of the Constitution, under wh ...
is passed, dictating the direct election of senators.
* April 10 – Albrecht Grocery Shop, predecessor of the Aldi discount store chain globally, is founded in Essen
Essen (; Latin: ''Assindia'') is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and D ...
, Germany.>
* April 13
Events Pre-1600
*1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1601–1900
*1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...
Boca Juniors' debut in Primera was on April 13 v Estudiantil Porteño, a 4–2 win as visitor with 3 goals scored by Arnulfo Leal.
* April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
– Cunard ocean liner
An ocean liner is a passenger ship primarily used as a form of transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as hospital ships).
Ca ...
, built by John Brown & Company, is launched on the River Clyde
The River Clyde ( gd, Abhainn Chluaidh, , sco, Clyde Watter, or ) is a river that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the ninth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the third-longest in Scotland. It runs through the major cit ...
.
* April 24 – The Woolworth Building opens in New York City. Designed by Cass Gilbert, it is the tallest building in the world on this date, and for more than a decade after.
May
* May – TheMuscat rebellion
The Muscat rebellion was an uprising in 1913 led by Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultans of Muscat and Oman. The rebels established their own state, the Ibāḍī imamate. Its causes lay in a deep-rooted rivalry ...
begins in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman ( ar, سلطنة مسقط وعمان, Salṭanat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān), also known briefly as the State of Muscat and Oman () during the rule of Taimur bin Feisal, was a sovereign state that encompassed the prese ...
in Tanuf, a village just north of the city of Nizwa.
* May 3 – '' Raja Harishchandra'', the first full-length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry.
* May 9– July 11 – A major industrial strike occurs in the Black Country
The Black Country is an area of the West Midlands county, England covering most of the Metropolitan Boroughs of Dudley, Sandwell and Walsall. Dudley and Tipton are generally considered to be the centre. It became industrialised during its ro ...
of England, involving 25,000 workers, and threatening preparations for World War I in naval and steel industries. The workers demand 23 shillings minimum wage.
* May 14 – New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carneg ...
, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
– 25 – Adolf Hitler moves from Vienna to Munich.
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
– Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia marries Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover in Berlin, ending the decades-long rift between the Houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover and marking the last great gathering of European sovereigns.
* May 26 ( May 13 O.S.) – Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a 4-engine fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape of the wings. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinc ...
.
* May 29 – The ballet '' The Rite of Spring'' (music by Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...
, conducted by Pierre Monteux
Pierre Benjamin Monteux (; 4 April 18751 July 1964) was a French (later American) conductor. After violin and viola studies, and a decade as an orchestral player and occasional conductor, he began to receive regular conducting engagements in ...
, choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky and design by Nicholas Roerich) is premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes
The Ballets Russes () was an itinerant ballet company begun in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society. A ...
, at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
in Paris; its modernist style provokes one of the most famous classical music riot
There have been many notable instances of unruly behaviour at classical music concerts, often at the premiere of a new work or production.
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
See also
* Succès de scandale
* Cla ...
s in history. The audience includes Gabriele D'Annunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler and Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with Impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In ...
.
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
– First Balkan War: The Treaty of London The Treaty of London or London Convention or similar may refer to:
*Treaty of London (1358), established a truce between England and France following the Battle of Poitiers
*Treaty of London (1359), which ceded western France to England
*Treaty of ...
is signed, ending the war. Greece is granted those parts of southern Epirus which it does not already control, and the independence of Albania is recognised.
June
* June 1 – The Greek–Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War. * June 4 – Emily Davison, a Britishsuffragette
A suffragette was a member of an activist women's organisation in the early 20th century who, under the banner "Votes for Women", fought for the right to vote in public elections in the United Kingdom. The term refers in particular to members ...
, runs out in front of the King's horse, Anmer, at The Derby. She is trampled and dies four days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.
* June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
– Muscat rebellion
The Muscat rebellion was an uprising in 1913 led by Sālim bin Rāshid al-Kharūṣī against the authority of the Sultans of Muscat and Oman. The rebels established their own state, the Ibāḍī imamate. Its causes lay in a deep-rooted rivalry ...
: Rebels take Nizwa.
* June 8 – The Deutsches Stadion in Berlin is dedicated with the release of 10,000 pigeons, in front of an audience of 60,000 people. It had been constructed in anticipation of the 1916 Summer Olympics
The 1916 Summer Olympics (german: Olympische Sommerspiele 1916), officially known as the Games of the VI Olympiad, were scheduled to be held in Berlin, German Empire, but were eventually cancelled for the first time in its 20-year history due to ...
(later to be cancelled as the result of World War I).
* June 11
** Women's suffrage is enacted in Norway.
** Battle of Bud Bagsak: Armed with guns and heavy artillery, U.S. and Philippine troops under General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing fight a four-day battle against 500 Moro rebels, who are armed mostly with kampilan swords. The rebels are killed in a final desperate charge on June 15.
* June 18 – The Arab Congress of 1913 opens, during which Arab nationalists meet to discuss desired reforms under the Ottoman Empire.
* June 19 – The Parliament of South Africa
The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature; under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Assembly and a National Council of Provinces. The current twenty-seve ...
passes the Natives Land Act, limiting land ownership for blacks to black territories.
* June 13 – The predecessor of the Aldi store chain opens in Essen
Essen (; Latin: ''Assindia'') is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany. Its population of makes it the fourth-largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne, Düsseldorf and D ...
, Germany.
* June 24 – Joseph Cook
Sir Joseph Cook, (7 December 1860 – 30 July 1947) was an Australian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1913 to 1914. He was the leader of the Liberal Party from 1913 to 1917, after earlier serving ...
becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia
The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the Australian Government, federal government of Australia and is also accountable to Parliament of A ...
.
* June 29 – The Second Balkan War begins.
July
* July 10 ** Romania declares war on Bulgaria. ** Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C), the all-time highest temperature recorded on Earth (although its validity has been challenged, and in 2020 a temperature of was recorded at the same location, which would make it the world's highest ''verified'' air temperature, subject to confirmation). * July 13 – The 1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak during the Second Balkan War starts. * July 27 – The town of San Javier, Uruguay is founded by Russian settlers. * July 29 Agreement reached at the Anglo-Ottoman Convention which defined the limits of Ottoman jurisdiction in the area of the Persian Gulf with respect to Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain.August
*August 2
Events Pre-1600
*338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
*216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...
– The first known ascent of Mount Olympus in Greece is made by Swiss mountaineers Daniel Baud-Bovy and Frédéric Boissonnas guided by Christos Kakkalos.
* August 4 – Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...
: The province of Chungking (Chongqing) declares independence; Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks.
* August 10 – Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed, ending the war. Macedonia
Macedonia most commonly refers to:
* North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia
* Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity
* Macedonia (Greece), a traditional geographic reg ...
is divided, and Northern Epirus is assigned to Albania.
* August 13 – Harry Brearley invents stainless steel
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains at least 11% chromium and may contain elements such as carbon, other nonmetals and metals to obtain other desired properties. Stainless steel's corros ...
in Sheffield.
* August 20 – After his airplane fails at an altitude of , aviator Adolphe Pégoud becomes the first person to bail out from an airplane and land safely.
* August 23 – The Little Mermaid statue is finished in Copenhagen, Denmark.
* August 26 – Dublin Lock-out in Ireland: Members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company begin strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by its chairman.
* August 31 – Dublin Lock-out: "Bloody Sunday": The dispute escalates when the Dublin Metropolitan Police kill one demonstrator and injure 400, in dispersing a demonstration.
September
* September 7– 8 – The Fourth Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association (the last occasion on which Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud will meet) takes place in Munich. * September 9 ** In Germany, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process, feeding in modern times about a third of the world's population. **Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...
pilot Pyotr Nesterov
Pyotr Nikolayevich Nesterov (russian: Пётр Николаевич Нестеров ( – ) was a Russian pilot, an aircraft designer and an aerobatics pioneer.
Life and career
Nesterov was born on 15 February 1887 in Nizhny Novgorod, into ...
becomes the first person to loop
Loop or LOOP may refer to:
Brands and enterprises
* Loop (mobile), a Bulgarian virtual network operator and co-founder of Loop Live
* Loop, clothing, a company founded by Carlos Vasquez in the 1990s and worn by Digable Planets
* Loop Mobile, ...
an airplane, flying a Nieuport IV monoplane over Syretzk Aerodrome near Kiev
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, Russia.
** Helgoland Island air disaster: The first fatalities aboard a German airship occur, when the Imperial German Navy Zeppelin dirigible ''LZ 14'' (naval designation ''L 1'') is forced down into the North Sea off Heligoland during a thunderstorm, killing 16 of the 22 men on board.
* September 10 – Jean Sibelius's tone poem ''Luonnotar
In the ''Kalevala'', the Finnish national epic, Ilmatar () was a virgin spirit and goddess of the air.
Origins
The name Ilmatar is derived from the Finnish word ''ilma'', meaning "air," and the female suffix ''-tar'', corresponding to English " ...
'' is premiered in Gloucester Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Peter and the Holy and Indivisible Trinity, in Gloucester, England, stands in the north of the city near the River Severn. It originated with the establishment of a minster dedicated to S ...
, England, with soprano Aino Ackté.
* September 13 – The Bell of Chersonesos
The Bell of Chersonesos, located close to the ruins of Chersonesos Taurica, Crimea (), is the symbol of Chersonesos and one of the main sights of Sevastopol. It was cast before the foundation of Sevastopol for the Saint Nicholas the Wonderworke ...
is returned by France to Russia after having been seized during the Crimean War.
* September 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
* 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...
– In Chicago, the Anti-Defamation League
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States specializing in civil rights law. It was founded in late Septe ...
of B'nai B'rith is founded, with Sigmund Livingston as its first president.
* September 23
Events Pre-1600
* 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified.
* 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat ...
– French aviator Roland Garros crosses the Mediterranean in an airplane flying from Fréjus
Fréjus (; ) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 54,458.
It neighbours Saint-Raphaël, effectively forming one urban agglomeration. The north of ...
, France to Bizerte
Bizerte or Bizerta ( ar, بنزرت, translit=Binzart , it, Biserta, french: link=no, Bizérte) the classical Hippo, is a city of Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia. It is the northernmost city in Africa, located 65 km (40mil) north of the cap ...
, Tunisia.
* September 29 – Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Constantinople is signed in Istanbul, between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
October
* October 1 –Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
: Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a 3-day battle, when government troops retreat.
* October 7 – The Ford Motor Company's Highland Park Plant in Highland Park, Michigan, near Detroit, becomes the first automobile production facility in the world to implement the moving assembly line, significantly speeding up production of the Model T.
* October 9 – Canadian-owned ocean liner , carrying passengers (mostly immigrants) and a chemical cargo from Rotterdam to New York City, catches fire in a North Atlantic gale; 136 die, but 521 are saved by ships summoned by SOS
is a Morse code distress signal (), used internationally, that was originally established for maritime use. In formal notation is written with an overscore line, to indicate that the Morse code equivalents for the individual letters of "SOS" ...
messages to the scene.
* October 10
** U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
** Yuan Shikai is elected President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had aut ...
.
* October 11 – The Philadelphia Athletics
The Philadelphia Athletics were a Major League Baseball team that played in Philadelphia from 1901 to 1954, when they moved to Kansas City, Missouri, and became the Kansas City Athletics. Following another move in 1967, the team became the Oaklan ...
win the deciding game of the 1913 World Series
The 1913 World Series was the championship series in Major League Baseball for the 1913 in baseball, 1913 season. The tenth edition of the World Series, it matched the American League (AL) champion 1913 Philadelphia Athletics season, Philadelphia ...
, over baseball's New York Giants
The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area. The Giants compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. ...
, winning 3–1 to take the series in five games.
* October 14 – Senghenydd colliery disaster: An explosion at the Universal Colliery, Senghenydd in South Wales
South Wales ( cy, De Cymru) is a loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north. Generally considered to include the historic counties of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, south Wales extends westwards ...
kills 439 miners, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom.
* October 16 – The British Royal Navy's is launched at Portsmouth Dockyard as the first oil-fired battleship
A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. It dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The term ''battleship'' came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ...
.
* October 18 – The Monument to the Battle of the Nations
The Monument to the Battle of the Nations (german: Völkerschlachtdenkmal, sometimes shortened to ''Völki'' or ''Schlachti'') is a monument in Leipzig, Germany, to the 1813 Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of the Nations. Paid for mos ...
at Leipzig, Germany is finished.
* October 19 – The DLRG (German Life-Saving Society) is founded.
* October 26 – Victoriano Huerta elected president of Mexico.
* October 28– December 2 – Zabern Affair
The Zabern or Saverne Affair was a crisis of domestic policy which occurred in the German Empire at the end of 1913. It was caused by political unrest in Zabern (now Saverne) in Alsace-Lorraine, where two battalions of the Prussian were garriso ...
: Acts of aggression by the Prussian garrison at Zabern, Alsace-Lorraine provoke political debate across the German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...
.
* October 31 – The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.
November
* November 5 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the titleLudwig III
Ludwig III (Ludwig Luitpold Josef Maria Aloys Alfried; 7 January 1845 – 18 October 1921) was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918. Initially he served in the Bavarian military as a lieutenant and went on to hold the rank of Oberl ...
.
* November 6 – Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...
is arrested, while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
* November 7– 11 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 claims 19 ships, and more than 250 lives.
December
* December 1 ** The Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducingchassis
A chassis (, ; plural ''chassis'' from French châssis ) is the load-bearing framework of an artificial object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart ...
assembly time from hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes. Although Ford is not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one sparks an era of mass production
Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines. Together with job production and batch ...
.
** Crete, having obtained self rule
__NOTOC__
Self-governance, self-government, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority. It may refer to personal conduct or to any form of ...
from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
** Buenos Aires Underground, the first in South America, opens.
* December 12 – Vincenzo Peruggia tries to sell the '' Mona Lisa'' in Florence, and is arrested.
* December 19 – The Raker Act The Raker Act was an act of the United States Congress that permitted building of the O'Shaughnessy Dam and flooding of Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park, California. It is named for John E. Raker, its chief sponsor. The Act, passed ...
is signed by President Woodrow Wilson, allowing the City of San Francisco to dam Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park.
* December 23 – The Federal Reserve System is created as the central banking system of the United States, by Woodrow Wilson's signature of the Federal Reserve Act.
* December 30
Events
Pre-1600
*534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire.
*999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...
– Italy returns the '' Mona Lisa'' to France.
Date unknown
* The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established in Bengal Province (modern-day Bangladesh). * French physicist Georges Sagnac shows that light propagates at a speed independent of the speed of its source. * TheCamel
A camel (from: la, camelus and grc-gre, κάμηλος (''kamēlos'') from Hebrew or Phoenician: גָמָל ''gāmāl''.) is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ''Camelus'' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. C ...
cigarettes are introduced by R. J. Reynolds in the United States (the first packaged cigarettes).
* Prada
Prada S.p.A. (, ; ) is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1913 in Milan by Mario Prada. It specializes in leather handbags, travel accessories, shoes, ready-to-wear, and other fashion accessories. Prada licenses its name and branding t ...
is established as a leather goods dealer in Milan, by Mario Prada and his brother.
* Astra
Astra may refer to:
People
* Astra (name)
Places
* Astra, Chubut, a village in Argentina
* Astra (Isauria), a town of ancient Isauria, now in Turkey
* Astra, one suggested name for a hypothetical fifth planet that became the asteroid belt
Ent ...
, as predecessor of AstraZeneca, a healthcare
Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health profe ...
and pharmaceutical brand worldwide, founded in Södertälje, Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
.
* The value of International trade, world trade reaches roughly $38 billion.
Births
January–February
* January 1 – Shih Kien, Shek Kin, Hong Kong actor (d. 2009)
* January 2 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)
* January 4 – Malietoa Tanumafili II, Samoan head of state (d. 2007)
* January 6
** Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
** Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
* January 7 – Victor H. Krulak, United States Marine Corps general (d. 2008)
* January 9
** Eric Berry (actor), Eric Berry, British actor (d. 1993)
** Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
* January 10
** Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
** Mehmet Shehu, 23rd Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1981)
* January 11
** Karl Stegger, Danish actor (d. 1980)
** Jean Murrell Capers, American judge (d. 2017)
* January 15
** Eugène Brands, Dutch painter (d. 2002)
** Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
** Alexander Marinesko, Soviet naval officer (d. 1963)
* January 17 – Everett Parker, American civil rights activist (d. 2015)
* January 18 – George Unwin, British World War II fighter ace (d. 2006)
* January 22
** Henry Bauchau, Belgian novelist, poet and psychoanalyst (d. 2012)
** William Conway (cardinal), William Conway, Irish cardinal (d. 1977)
** Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
* January 23
** Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter (d. 1960)
** Wally Parks, American founder of the NHRA (d. 2007)
* January 25
** Huang Hua, Foreign Minister of China (d. 2010)
** Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
* January 29
** Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)
** Peter von Zahn, German journalist, writer (d. 2001)
* February 2 – Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
* February 4
**Frank P. Keller, American Film editing, film editor (d. 1977)
**Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
**Richard Seaman, British motor racing driver (d. 1939)
* February 6 – Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
* February 8
** Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973)
** Norman H. Boke, American plant anatomist (d. 1996)
* February 10
** Douglas Slocombe, British cinematographer (d. 2016)
** Bill White (rugby union born 1913), Bill White, Australian rugby union player (d. 1969)
* February 14
** Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
** Woody Hayes, American college football coach (d. 1987)
** Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
* February 19 – Frank Tashlin, American animation director (d. 1972)
* February 20 – Tommy Henrich, American baseball player (d. 2009)
* February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– P. C. Sorcar, Indian stage magician (d. 1971)
* February 25
** Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
** Gert Fröbe, German actor ''(Goldfinger)'' (d. 1988)
* February 26 – George Barker (poet), George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
* February 27
** T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (d. 1992)
** Paul Ricœur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
** Kazimierz Sabbat, leader of Polish government-in-exile (d. 1989)
** Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
March–April
* March 1 – R. S. R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
* March 2 – Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
* March 4 – John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952
Events January–February
* January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.
* February 6
** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
)
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Loulie Jean Norman, American singer (d. 2005)
* March 13
** William J. Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
** Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer, lyricist (d. 2009)
* March 15 – Rosita Contreras, Argentine actress (d. 1962)
* March 18
** René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
** Reinhard Hardegen, German U-boat commander (d. 2018)
** Werner Mölders, German fighter pilot (d. 1941)
* March 19 – Smoky Dawson, Australian singer (d. 2008)
* March 21 – George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
* March 22 – Tom McCall, American politician and journalist (d. 1983)
* March 26
** Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
** Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist (d. 2010)
* March 28 – Toko Shinoda, Japanese painter (d. 2021)
* March 29 – R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
* March 30
** Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
** Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
** Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician (d. 2012)
* March 31 – Etta Baker, American musician (d. 2006)
* April 3 – Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
* April 4
** Cecil Gant, American blues singer, songwriter and pianist (d. 1951)
** Rosemary Lane (actress), Rosemary Lane, American singer (d. 1974)
** Frances Langford, American singer, actress (d. 2005)
** Muddy Waters, African-American musician (d. 1983)
* April 7
**Louise Currie, American actress (d. 2013)
**Florence S. Jacobsen, American Mormon leader (d. 2017)
**Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
** Sourou-Migan Apithy, Beninese political figure, 2nd President of Dahomey (d. 1989)
** Benedict J. Semmes Jr., American admiral (d. 1994)
** Carlton Skinner, Governor of Guam (d. 2004)
* April 9 – Aleksanteri Saarvala, Finnish artistic gymnast (d. 1989)
* April 10 – Stefan Heym, German writer (d. 2001)
* April 11 – Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
* April 11 – Winifred Drinkwater, Scottish aviator, first woman to hold a commercial pilot's license (d. 1996)
* April 14 – Jean Fournet, French conductor (d. 2008)
* April 16 – Les Tremayne, British-born American actor (d. 2003)
* April 18 – Jack Pope, American judge, attorney, and author (d. 2017)
* April 19
** Lloyd Cardwell, American football player and coach (d. 1997)
** Karl Rawer, German physicist (d. 2018)
* April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
– Richard Beeching, chairman of British Rail (d. 1985)
* April 27 – Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
* April 29 – Eugene Vielle, British Royal Air Force officer (d. 2015)
May–June
* May 1
** Roy Matsumoto, American army officer (d. 2014)
** Louis Nye, American comedian, actor (d. 2005)
** Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
* May 4 – Hisaya Morishige, Japanese actor (d. 2009)
* May 5 – Fred J. Doocy, American politician, banker (d. 2017)
* May 6 – Stewart Granger, Anglo-American actor (d. 1993)
* May 8
** Bob Clampett, American director (''Looney Tunes'') (d. 1984)
** Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
** Sid James, South African-born British actor, comedian (d. 1976)
** Charles Scorsese, American actor, father of Martin Scorsese (d. 1993)
* May 11 – Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
* May 13
** Liu Xuyi, Chinese historian (d. 2018)
** William Tolbert, President of Liberia (d. 1980)
* May 16
** Gheorghe Apostol, Romanian communist politician (d. 2010)
** Woody Herman, American musician, band leader (d. 1987)
** Paul R. Norby, American naval officer (d. 2015)
* May 19 – Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Indian politician, 6th President of India (d. 1996)
* May 20
** Teodoro Fernández, Peruvian soccer player (d. 1996)
** William Redington Hewlett, William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
* May 22 – Benedict Garmisa, American politician (d. 1985)
* May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus La ...
** Peter Ellenshaw, American matte designer (d. 2007)
** James Flint (RAF officer), James Flint, British Royal Air Force officer, businessman (d. 2013)
** Haldor Topsøe (1913–2013), Haldpr Topsøe, Danish engineer (d. 2013)
* May 25 – Benjamin Melniker, American producer (d. 2018)
* May 26
** Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
** Pierre Daninos, French writer, humorist (d. 2005)
** Josef Manger, German weightlifter (d. 1991)
* May 29 – Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
* May 31 – Peter Frankenfeld, German comedian, radio and television personality (d. 1979)
* June 2 – Elsie Tu, English-born Hong Kong social activist (d. 2015)
* June 3 – Yitzhak Berman, Israeli politician (d. 2013)
* June 6 – Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
* June 10 – Benjamin Shapira, German-born Israeli biochemist, recipient of the Israel Prize (d. 1993)
* June 11
** Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
** Risë Stevens, American mezzo-soprano (d. 2013)
* June 13
** Ralph Edwards, American game show host (d. 2005)
** Yitzhak Pundak, Polish-born Israeli military officer, diplomat (d. 2017)
** Oswald Teichmüller, German mathematician (d. 1943)
* June 18
** Robert Mondavi, American winemaker (d. 2008)
** Sammy Cahn, American songwriter (d. 1993)
** Sylvia Field Porter, American economist, journalist (d. 1991)
* June 20 – Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish royal, Count of Barcelona (d. 1993)
* June 21
** Luis Taruc, Filipino political figure, insurgent (d. 2005)
** Madihe Pannaseeha Thero, Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. 2003)
** Kid Azteca, Mexican boxer (d. 2002)
* June 22 – Álvaro Alsogaray, Argentine politician and businessman (d. 2005)
* June 23
** Jacques Rabemananjara, Malagasy politician, playwright and poet (d. 2005)
** William P. Rogers, American diplomat (d. 2001)
* June 24 – Gustaaf Deloor, Belgian road racing cyclist (d. 2002)
* June 25 – Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
* June 26
** Rudolf Brazda, German concentration camp prisoner (d. 2011)
** Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet, politician (d. 2008)
** Konrāds Kalējs, Latvian soldier (d. 2001)
** Anissa Rawda Najjar, Lebanese feminist, women's rights activist (d. 2016)
** Maurice Wilkes, British computer scientist (d. 2010)
* June 27
** Richard Pike Bissell, American author (d. 1977)
** Elton Britt, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 1972)
** Benvenuto Nunes, Brazilian olympic freestyle, backstroke swimmer (d. unknown)
* June 28
** Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker (d. 2007)
** Maldwyn James, Welsh international rugby union player (d. 2003)
* June 30
** Henry Leask, British Army officer (d. 2004)
** Alfonso López Michelsen, 24th President of Colombia (d. 2007)
July
* July 1
** Lee Guttero, American basketball player (d. 2004)
** Noel Miller, Australian cricketer (d. 2007)
** Frederick Malkus, American politician (d. 1999)
** André Tollet, French upholsterer, trade unionist and communist (d. 2001)
** Frank Barrett (baseball), Frank Barrett, American relief pitcher (d. 1998)
** Mario Acerbi, Italian football player (d. 2010)
** Joana Raspall i Juanola, Spanish writer and librarian (d. 2013)
** Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam, Indian Army Chief (d. 2000)
* July 3 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
* July 4 – Barbara Weeks (film actress), Barbara Weeks, American actress (d. 2003)
* July 5
** Elwood Cooke, American tennis player (d. 2004)
** Smiley Lewis, American New Orleans rhythm and blues singer, guitarist (d. 1966)
* July 6 – Vance Trimble, American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, author (d. 2021)
* July 7
** Pinetop Perkins, American blues musician (d. 2011)
** Lu Ann Meredith, American actress (d. 1998)
* July 8 – Alejandra Soler, Spanish politician and schoolteacher (d. 2017)
* July 9
** Ted Grant, South African Trotskyist (d. 2006)
** William M. Zachacki, (d. 1969)
* July 10
** Elizabeth Inglis, English actress (d. 2007)
** Joan Marsh, American actress (d. 2000)
* July 11 – Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ghanese nationalist leader, 2nd Prime Minister of Ghana (d. 1978)
* July 12
** Sultan Hamid II (d. 1978)
** Edith Nash, American educator, poet (d. 2003)
** Rufus Rogers, New Zealand doctor, politician (d. 2009)
** Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
* July 13
** Kay Linaker, American actress (d. 2008)
** Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish shipping magnate (d. 2012)
* July 14
** Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
** René Llense, French football goalkeeper (d. 2014)
** Princess Urraca of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, (d. 1999)
* July 15
** Gene Wettstone, American gymnastics coach (d. 2013)
** Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)
** Abraham Sutzkever, Yiddish language poet, memoirist (d. 2010)
* July 16
** Mirza Babayev, Azerbaijani movie actor, singer (d. 2003)
** Herman Gundlach, American football offensive lineman (d. 2005)
** Antoine Raab, German footballer (d. 2006)
** Carmen Acevedo Vega, Ecuadorian poet, writer, and journalist (d. 2006)
* July 17
** Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier (d. 2012)
** Bertrand Goldberg, American architect (d. 1997)
* July 18
** N. Krishnaswami Reddy, Indian lawyer (d. 2002)
** Du Runsheng, Chinese military officer, politician, and economist (d. 2015)
** Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
* July 19
** Fred Agnich, American politician (d. 2004)
** Manouchehr Sotodeh, Iranian geographer (d. 2016)
* July 20
** Irma Córdoba, Argentine actress (d. 2008)
** Guillermo Leaden, Argentine bishop (d. 2014)
* July 22
** Esteban Reyes, Mexican tennis player (d. 2014)
** Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader, songwriter (d. 1995)
** Licia Albanese, Italian-born soprano (d. 2014)
* July 23
** Coral Browne, Australian actress (d. 1991)
** Michael Foot, British politician (d. 2010)
* July 24 – Robert Emhardt, American actor (d. 1994)
* July 26 – Kan Yuet-keung, Hong Kong banker, politician and lawyer (d. 2012)
* July 28 – Hedley Kett, British naval officer (d. 2014)
* July 29 – Erich Priebke, German war criminal, leader of the 1944 Ardeatine massacre (d. 2013)
* July 30 – Lou Darvas, American artist, cartoonist (d. 1987)
August
* August 8 – Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator (d. 2006)
* August 9 – Tadeusz Kotz, Polish World War II fighter ace (d. 2008)
* August 10
** Noah Beery Jr., American actor (d. 1994)
** Wolfgang Paul, German physicist (d. 1993)
* August 13
** Fred Davis (snooker player), Fred Davis, English snooker, billiards player (d. 1998)
** Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d. 1977)
* August 16
** Menachem Begin, 6th Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
** Helen F. Holt, American politician (d. 2015)
* August 17
** W. Mark Felt, American FBI Associate Director, ''Deep Throat'' Watergate informant (d. 2008)
** Rudy York, American baseball player (d. 1970)
* August 18 – Nils Löfgren, Swedish chemist (d. 1967)
* August 20 – Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
* August 22 – James W. Downing, American naval officer and author (d. 2018)
* August 26 – Boris Pahor, Slovenian writer (d. 2022)
* August 27 – Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
* August 28
** Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
** Richard Tucker (tenor), Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
* August 29
** Jackie Mitchell, Baseball Pitcher (d. 1987)
** Jan Ekier, Polish pianist, composer (d. 2014)
* August 30 – Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
* August 31
** Helen Levitt, American photographer (d. 2009)
** Bernard Lovell, British radio astronomer (d. 2012)
** Michael Gover, English actor (d. 1987)
September–October
* September 1 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter, graphic artist (d. 1979)
* September 2
** Alex Lovy, American animator (d. 1992)
** Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician (d. 2009)
** Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager (d. 1981)
* September 3 – Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)
* September 4
** Mickey Cohen, American gangster (d. 1976)
** Boone Guyton, American test pilot (d. 1996)
** Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
** Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect (d. 2005)
* September 6 – Julie Gibson, American singer and actress (d. 2019)
* September 10
** Lincoln Gordon, American diplomat (d. 2009)
** Zephania Mothopeng, South African politician, activist (d. 1990)
* September 11
** Bear Bryant, Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
** Eugenia Rawls, American actress (d. 2000)
* September 12
** Jesse Owens, African-American athlete (d. 1980)
** Eiji Toyoda, Japanese industrialist (d. 2013)
* September 13
** Roy Engel, American actor (d. 1980)
** Trần Đại Nghĩa, North Vietnamese army general (d. 1997)
* September 14
** Jacobo Árbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
** Annalisa Ericson, Swedish actress (d. 2011)
* September 15 – John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General, convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
* September 17
Events Pre-1600
* 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
* 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...
** Robert Lembke, German television presenter, game show host (d. 1989)
** Ata Kandó, Hungarian-born Dutch photographer (d. 2017)
* September 19 – Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
* September 22 – Lillian Chestney, American painter (d. 2000)
* September 23
Events Pre-1600
* 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified.
* 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat ...
– Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish artist, member of the CoBrA movement (d. 2007)
* September 24
** Wilson Rawls, American author (d. 1984)
** Herb Jeffries, American actor, popular music and jazz singer (d. 2014)
* September 25
** Charles Helou, 9th President of Lebanon (d. 2001)
** Terence Patrick O'Sullivan, British civil engineer (d. 1970)
* September 27 – Alexandru Drăghici, Romanian communist activist and politician (d. 1993)
* September 28 – Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist, illustrator (d. 2007)
* September 29
** Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
** Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
** Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
* September 30
** Bill Walsh (producer), Bill Walsh, American movie producer, writer (d. 1975)
** Cecilia Caballero Blanco, First Lady of Colombia (d. 2019)
* October 2 – Roma Mitchell, Australian lawyer, Governor of South Australia (d. 2000)
* October 4 – Martial Célestin, 1st Prime Minister of Haiti (d. 2011)
* October 10
** Alice Chetwynd Ley, British romance writer (d. 2004)
** Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
* October 11 – Joe Simon, American comic book artist, writer (d. 2011)
* October 18 – Evelyn Venable, American actress (d. 1993)
* October 19 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, lyricist, and diplomat (d. 1980)
* October 20
** Barney Phillips, American actor (d. 1982)
** Cecilia Miranda de Carvalho, Brazilian singer (d. 2011)
* October 22
** Boots Mallory, American actress, dancer, and model (d. 1958)
** Robert Capa, Hungarian-born American photojournalist (d. 1954)
** Tamara Desni, German-born British actress (d. 2008)
** Hans-Peter Tschudi, 2-time President of Switzerland (d. 2002)
* October 24
** Ron Barassi Sr., Australian rules footballer (d. 1941)
** Tito Gobbi, Italian operatic baritone (d. 1984)
* October 27
** Joe Medicine Crow, American tribal historian and anthropologist (d. 2016)
** Otto Wichterle, Czech inventor of the modern contact lens (d. 1998)
* October 28 – Don Lusk, American animator (d. 2018)
November
* November 2 – Burt Lancaster, American actor, best known for his role in ''Elmer Gantry (film), Elmer Gantry'' (d. 1994)
* November 3
** Marika Rökk, Egyptian-born Austrian singer, dancer and actress (d. 2004)
** Antony Mitradas, Indian film director (d. 2017)
* November 5 – Vivien Leigh, British actress, best known for her role in ''Gone with the Wind (film), Gone With The Wind'' (d. 1967)
* November 6 – Aisha Abd al-Rahman, Egyptian writer (d. 1998)
* November 7
** Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
** Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor (d. 2009)
** Tahira Tahirova, Azerbaijani politician (d. 1991)
* November 8 – Max Desfor, American photographer (d. 2018)
* November 10
** Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
** Sun Yun-suan, Chinese engineer, politician (d. 2006)
* November 11 – Rosemary Inyama, educator, politician, businesswoman and community developer (d. unknown)
* November 13
** Landrum Bolling, American political scientist and academic administrator (d. 2018)
** Lon Nol, 2-Time Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 1985)
** Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
* November 15 – Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
* November 16 – Ellen Albertini Dow, American actress (d. 2015)
* November 18 – Endre Rozsda, Hungarian-French painter (d. 1999)
* November 21
** John Boulting, English film director (d. 1985)
** Roy Boulting, English film director, producer (d. 2001)
* November 22
** Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)
** Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
** Gardnar Mulloy, American tennis player and coach (d. 2016)
** Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, first female Philippine Supreme Court Justice (d. 2006)
** Jacqueline Vaudecrane, French figure skater (d. 2018)
* November 23 – William Krehm, Canadian author, journalist and political activist (d. 2019)
* November 24 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (d. 2005)
* November 25 – Lewis Thomas, American physician, essayist (d. 1993)
December
* December 1 – Mary Martin, American actress (d. 1990)
* December 2 – Jerry Sohl, American scriptwriter (d. 2002)
* December 6
** Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
** Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
* December 9 – Cynthia Chalk, American photographer (d. 2018)
* December 10 – Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
* December 11 – Jean Marais, French actor (d. 1998)
* December 13 – Arnold Brown (General of The Salvation Army), Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
* December 15 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
* December 16 – George Ignatieff, Canadian diplomat, recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace (d. 1989)
* December 18
** Lynn Bari, American actress (d. 1989)
** Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
** Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
* December 21 – Arnold Friberg, American artist (d. 2010)
* December 23 – Frank Pierpoint Appleby, Canadian politician (d. 2015)
* December 25
** Candy Candido, American voice actor (d. 1999)
** Tony Martin (American singer), Tony Martin, American singer and actor (d. 2012)
** Henri Nannen, German journalist, mass media owner (d. 1996)
* December 26 – Frank Swift, English footballer (d. 1958)
* December 28
**Lou Jacobi, Canadian-American actor (d. 2009)
**Charles Maxwell (actor), Charles Maxwell, American actor (d. 1993)
* December 29 – Pierre Werner, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 2002)
* December 30
Events
Pre-1600
*534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire.
*999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...
– Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
Date unknown
* Halil-Salim Jabara, Israeli Arab politician (d. 1999) * Bahjat Talhouni, 4-time Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1994)Deaths
January
* January 2 ** Hermann Kinkelin, Swiss mathematician and politician (b. 1832) ** Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855) * January 3 – Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor), Jeff Davis, American politician, 20th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1862) * January 4 – Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833) * January 6 – Gyula Juhász (sculptor), Gyula Juhász, Hungarian sculptor (b. 1876) *January 8 - Xavier Mertz, Swiss explorer, mountaineer and skier (b. 1882) * January 16 ** Tom Dolan (baseball), Tom Dolan, American baseball pitcher (b. 1855) ** Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, American aeronaut, scientist and inventor (b. 1832) * January 18 – George Alexander Gibson, Scottish physician (b. 1854) * January 20 ** José Guadalupe Posada, Mexican political printmaker and engraver (b. 1852) ** Karl Wittgenstein, Austrian steel tycoon (b. 1847) * January 21 – Aluísio Azevedo, Brazilian novelist (b. 1857) * January 27 – Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1832) * January 28 ** Julius Heinrich Franz, German astronomer (b. 1847) ** Segismundo Moret, Spanish politician and writer, 3-time Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1833)February
* February 2 – Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and inventor (b. 1845)
* February 4 – Gordon Sprigg, Sir Gordon Sprigg, British Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (b. 1830)
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
** Johan Ehrnrooth, 5th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1833)
** Lio Gangeri, Italian sculptor (b. 1845)
* February 8 – Morten Eskesen, Danish author (b. 1826)
* February 9
** Manuel Enrique Araujo, 23rd President of El Salvador (assassinated) (b. 1865)
** Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general and politician (b. 1850)
* February 15 – Florence Barker (actress), Florence Barker, American actress (b. 1891)
* February 17 – Edward Stanley Gibbons, English philatelist, founder of Stanley Gibbons Ltd (b. 1840)
* February 20 – Robert von Lieben, Austrian physicist (b. 1878)
* February 22
** Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist and semiotician (b. 1857)
** Empress Dowager Longyu, Chinese empress (b. 1868)
** Francisco I. Madero, 33rd President of Mexico, assassinated (b. 1873)
* February 23
Events Pre-1600
* 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.
* 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...
– Dénes Andrássy, Hungarian nobleman (b. 1835)
* February 26 – Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
* February 27 – Riccardo Cessi, Italian painter (b. 1840)
* February 28 – George Finnegan, American Olympic boxer (b. 1881)
March
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
– E. Pauline Johnson, Canadian writer (b. 1861)
* March 10 – Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist, humanitarian and spy (b. c. 1822)
* March 11 – John Shaw Billings, American military, medical leader (b. 1838)
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– Francisco Pereira Passos, Brazilian engineer politician, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1836)
* March 13 – Felix Hidalgo, Filipino artist (b. 1855)
* March 14 – Auguste Desgodins, French missionary (b. 1826)
* March 17 – Soledad Acosta, Colombian journalist and writer (b. 1833)
* March 18 – King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
* March 19 – Géza Allaga, Hungarian composer (b. 1841)
* March 21 – Manuel Bonilla, 2-time President of Honduras (b. 1849)
* March 22
**Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, Romanian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1833)
**Song Jiaoren, Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
* March 25
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto.
* 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...
– Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, British field marshal (b. 1833)
* March 31 – J. P. Morgan, American financier (b. 1837)
April
* April 7 – Carl von Lemcke, German mathematician (b. 1867) *April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Gyula Kőnig, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1849)
* April 15 – Kareemullah Shah, Indian Sufi scholar and saint
* April 18 – Lester Frank Ward, American botanist, paleontologist and sociologist (b. 1841)
* April 19
** Paul Janson, Belgian politician (b. 1840)
** Hugo Winckler, German archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire (Hattusa) (b. 1863)
* April 20 – Vilhelm Bissen, Danish sculptor (b. 1836)
* April 24 – Vsevolod Abramovich, Russian aviator (b. 1890)
* April 25
** Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Ukrainian author (b. 1864)
** Stjepan Kovačević, Croatian politician (b. 1841)
* April 27 – Gabriel von Seidl, German architect (b. 1848)
* April 28 – Andreas Flocken, German entrepreneur and inventor (b. 1845)
* April 29 – Václav Hladík, Austro-Hungarian novelist (b. 1868)
May
* May 1 – John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
* May 2
** Tancrède Auguste, Haitian general, 20th President of Haiti (b. 1856)
** Metropolitan Baselios Paulose I, Indian bishop (b. 1836)
* May 6 – Elena Guro, Russian painter and writer (b. 1877)
* May 8 – Louis Adolphus Duhring, American physician (b. 1845)
* May 16 – Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
* May 19 – Gabriel Loppé, French painter and photographer (b. 1825)
* May 25 – Alfred Redl, Austrian military intelligence officer, double agent (honorable suicide) (b. 1864)
* May 27 – Catherine Amanda Coburn, American journalist, newspaper editor (b. 1834)
* May 28 – John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, British politician and scientist (b. 1839)
June
* June 2 – Alfred Austin, English Poet Laureate (b. 1835)
* June 5
Events Pre-1600
*1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
*1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...
– Chris von der Ahe, German-born American brewer, baseball owner (b. 1851)
* June 8 – Emily Davison, English suffragette (b. 1872)
* June 22
** Ștefan Octavian Iosif, Romanian poet (b. 1875)
** Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset, French pioneer (b. 1862)
* June 23
** Nicolás de Piérola, Peruvian politician, 2-time President of Peru (b. 1839)
** Jonathan Hutchinson, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, English surgeon (b. 1828)
* June 28 – Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, Brazilian lawyer, politician and 4th President of Brazil (b. 1841)
July
* July 1 – Emanuel M. Abrahams, American politician (b. 1866)
* July 3 – Horatio Nelson Young, American Civil War naval hero (b. 1845)
* July 5 – Prince Arisugawa Takehito (b. 1862)
* July 7 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Union Army officer, diplomat and politician (b. 1841)
* July 10
** Mikoláš Aleš, Austro-Hungarian painter (b. 1835)
** John Valentine Ellis, Canadian journalist (b. 1835)
* July 11 – Charles Lavigne, Ceylonese Roman Catholic and Syro Malabar Catholic bishop and Servant of God (b. 1840)
* July 13 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
* July 16 – Sigismund Bachrich, Hungarian composer (b. 1841)
* July 17 – Esther Saville Allen, American author (b. 1837)
* July 19 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer, politician and 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
* July 20 – Vsevolod Rudnev, Russian admiral (b. 1855)
* July 22 – Adhémar Esmein, French jurist (b. 1848)
** Eduardo López Rivas, Venezuelan editor and journalist (b. 1850)
* July 29 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
* July 30
** Lady Alicia Blackwood, English painter (b. 1818)
** Warren F. Daniell, American politician, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire (b. 1826)
** Itō Sachio, Japanese poet and novelist (b. 1864)
August
* August 3
** Josephine Cochrane, American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (b. 1839)
** Joseph Graybill, American actress (b. 1887)
* August 4 – Étienne Laspeyres, German economist (b. 1834)
* August 7 – Samuel Franklin Cody, American-born British aviation pioneer (b. 1867)
* August 9 – Wilhelm Albermann, German sculptor (b. 1835)
* August 10 – Jules Desbrochers des Loges, French entomologist (b. 1836)
* August 11
** Vasily Avseenko, Russian journalist and writer (b. 1842)
** Natalie Zahle, Danish educator and women's rights activist (b. 1827)
* August 13 – August Bebel, German Social Democratic politician (b. 1840)
* August 20 – Émile Ollivier, 24th Prime Minister of France (b. 1825)
* August 22 – Oscar de Négrier, French general (b. 1839)
* August 28 – Fyodor Kamensky, Russian sculptor (b. 1836)
* August 29 – Lars Havstad, Norwegian activist (b. 1851)
September
* September 1 – Patriarch and Metropolitan Lukijan Bogdanović (b. 1867)
*September 2 - Bill Miner, American bandito and stagecoach robber (b. 1847)
* September 4 – Henry Billings Brown, American Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (b. 1836)
* September 9 – Paul de Smet de Naeyer, 16th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1843)
* September 13 – Arandzar, Armenian poet and writer (b. 1877)
* September 16 – Julius Lewkowitsch, German engineer (b. 1857)
* September 18 – Prince George Alexandrovich Yuryevsky (b. 1872)
* September 20 – Ferdinand Blumentritt, Filipino author (b. 1853)
* September 29 – Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
* September 30
** Beatrice Bhadrayuvadi, Siamese princess (b. 1876)
** Antoni Klawiter, Polish Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1836)
October
* October 4
** Josep Tapiró Baró, Spanish painter (b. 1836)
** Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (b. 1864)
** Eleanor Cripps Kennedy, Canadian businessman (b. 1825)
* October 5 – Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
* October 7 – Ivan Banjavčić, Croatian politician and philanthropist (b. 1843)
* October 10
**Adolphus Busch, German-American brewer, co-founder of Anheuser-Busch (b. 1839)
** Gregorio Maria Aguirre y Garcia, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1835)
** Katsura Tarō, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1848)
* October 12 – Elisabeth Leisinger, German soprano (b 1864)
* October 13 – Leonid Sobolev, 6th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1844)
* October 16 – Ralph Rose, American Olympic athlete (b. 1885)
* October 19 – Charles Tellier, French engineer, inventor of the chemical refrigerator (b. 1828)
* October 20 – Viktor Kirpichov, Russian engineer and physicist (b. 1845)
* October 21 – Theodor Kolde, German Protestant theologian (b. 1850)
* October 23 – Edwin Klebs, Swiss-German pathologist, discoverer of Diphtheria bacterium (b. 1834)
* October 29 – Darío de Regoyos, Spanish painter (b. 1857)
* October 31 – William Evans-Gordon, Sir William Evans-Gordon, British diplomat and politician (b. 1857)
November
* November 3 – Sava Grujić, Serbian diplomat, general and politician, 5-time Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1840)
* November 4 – Fredericus Anna Jentink, Dutch zoologist (b. 1844)
* November 7 – Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
* November 6 – Cho Ki-chon, North Korean poet (d. 1951)
* November 8 – Ferdinand Abell, American businessman (b. 1835)
* November 16 – George Barham, Sir George Barham, English businessman, founder of Express County Milk Supply Company (b. 1836)
* November 21 – Francesco Acri, Italian philosopher (b. 1834)
* November 22 – Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15th and last ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (b. 1837)
* November 25 – Haviland Le Mesurier, Australian soldier (b. 1856)
* November 28 – George B. Post, American architect (b. 1837)
December
* December 1
** Juho Lallukka, Finnish businessman (b. 1852)
** Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet and short story writer (b. 1864)
* December 5 – Ferdinand Dugué, French playwright (b. 1816)
* December 7
** Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman, last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
** Aaron Montgomery Ward, American businessman, inventor of mail order (b. 1844)
* December 8 – František Koláček, Austro-Hungarian physicist (b. 1851)
* December 10 – Léon Letort, French aviator (b. 1889)
* December 11
** Abraham Hirsch (architect), Abraham Hirsch, French architect (b. 1828)
** Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein (b. 1852)
** Ioan Kalinderu, Romanian jurist (b. 1840)
* December 12 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
* December 13 – Birger Kildal, Norwegian businessman (b. 1849)
* December 15 – Miguel Lebrija, Mexican aviator (b. 1887)
* December 19 – Anthimus VII of Constantinople, Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople (b. 1827)
* December 25 – Alberto Aguilera, Spanish politician (b. 1842)
* December 26 – Ambrose Bierce, American writer, journalist (disappeared on this date) (b. 1842)
* December 27 – Infanta Antónia of Portugal (b. 1845)
* December 30
Events
Pre-1600
*534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire.
*999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a crushi ...
– Giovanni Maria Boccardo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1848)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Alfred Werner * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Charles Richet * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Rabindranath Tagore * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Henri La FontaineReferences
Further reading
* Charles Emmerson. ''1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War'' (2013excerpt and text search
covers 20 major world cities * Gilbert, Martin. ''A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933'' (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 269–96. * {{Authority control 1913,