Events
January–March
![Erste_Benzin-Omnibus_der_Welt](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Erster_Benzin-Omnibus_der_Welt.jpg)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
–
Dreyfus affair
The Dreyfus affair (french: affaire Dreyfus, ) was a political scandal that divided the French Third Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. "L'Affaire", as it is known in French, has come to symbolise modern injustice in the Francop ...
: French officer
Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on
Devil's Island.
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
* 1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already rei ...
– The
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded in England by
Octavia Hill,
Robert Hunter and Canon
Hardwicke Rawnsley
Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley (29 September 1851 – 28 May 1920) was an Anglican priest, poet, local politician and conservationist. He became nationally and internationally known as one of the three founders of the National Trust for Places of H ...
.
*
January 13 –
First Italo-Ethiopian War
The First Italo-Ethiopian War, lit. ''Abyssinian War'' was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from 1895 to 1896. It originated from the disputed Treaty of Wuchale, which the Italians claimed turned Ethiopia into an Italian protectorate. Full-sc ...
:
Battle of Coatit
The Battle of Coatit was fought on 13 January 1895 between Italy and Ethiopian proxies led by Tigrayan warlord Ras Mengesha Yohannes in what is now Eritrea. It was the opening battle of the First Italo–Ethiopian War, and was a significant vi ...
– Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians.
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
*38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...
–
Félix Faure
Félix François Faure (; 30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was the President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. A native of Paris, he worked as a tanner in his younger years. Faure became a member of the Chamber of Deputies for ...
is elected President of the French Republic, after the resignation of
Jean Casimir-Perier
Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (; 8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1894 to 1895.
Biography
He was born in Paris, the son of Auguste Casimir-Perier, the grandson of Casimir Pierr ...
.
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
*1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
– Mintonette, later known as
volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Sum ...
, is created by
William G. Morgan at
Holyoke, Massachusetts.
*
February 11 – The lowest ever UK temperature of is recorded at
Braemar, in
Aberdeenshire. This record is equalled in
1982, and again in
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake str ...
.
*
February 14 –
Oscar Wilde's last play, the comedy ''
The Importance of Being Earnest
''The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People'' is a play by Oscar Wilde. First performed on 14 February 1895 at the St James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious ...
'', is first shown at
St James's Theatre
The St James's Theatre was in King Street, St James's, London. It opened in 1835 and was demolished in 1957. The theatre was conceived by and built for a popular singer, John Braham; it lost money and after three seasons he retired. A succ ...
in London.
*
February 20
** The gold reserve of the
U.S. Treasury
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...
is saved, when
J. P. Morgan
John Pierpont Morgan Sr. (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and investment banker who dominated corporate finance on Wall Street throughout the Gilded Age. As the head of the banking firm that ultimately became known ...
and the
Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government. The offering of syndicate bonds sells out only 22 minutes after the New York market opens, and just two hours after going on sale in London.
**
Venezuelan crisis of 1895
The Venezuelan crisis of 1895 occurred over Venezuela's longstanding dispute with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland about the territory of Essequibo and Guayana Esequiba, which Britain claimed as part of British Guiana and Venezu ...
: U.S. President
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American ...
signs into law a bill resulting from the proposition of House Resolution 252, by
William Lindsay Scruggs and Congressman Leonidas Livingston, to the third session of the 53rd Congress of the United States of America. The bill recommends that Venezuela and Great Britain settle their dispute by arbitration.
*
February 25 – The first rebellions of the
Cuban War of Independence break out.
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor Diocletian ...
–
William Lyne Wilson
William Lyne Wilson (May 3, 1843 – October 17, 1900) was an American politician and lawyer from West Virginia. A Bourbon Democrat, Wilson was elected to the United States Congress in 1882 and served six terms of office, ending in 1895.
Followi ...
is appointed
United States Postmaster General
The United States Postmaster General (PMG) is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS). The PMG is responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the agency.
The PMG is selected and appointed by ...
.
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
– In
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, bicyclists have to pass a test and display
license plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English), license plate (American English), or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identificatio ...
s.
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– Japanese troops capture
Liaoyang
Liaoyang () is a prefecture-level city of east-central Liaoning province, China, situated on the Taizi River. It is approximately one hour south of Shenyang, the provincial capital, by car. Liaoyang is home to Liaoning University's College of F ...
, and land in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
.
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
*474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place.
* 493 – Odo ...
**
Bridget Cleary
Bridget Cleary (née Boland; ga, Bríd Uí Chléirigh; 19 Feb 1867 – 15 March 1895) was an Irish woman who was murdered by her husband in 1895. She was either immolated or her body was set on fire immediately after her death. The husband's s ...
is killed and her body burned in
County Tipperary
County Tipperary ( ga, Contae Thiobraid Árann) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. The county is named after the town of Tipperary, and was established in the early 13th century, shortly after t ...
, Ireland, by her husband, Michael; he is subsequently convicted and imprisoned for
manslaughter, his defence being a belief that he had killed a
changeling
A changeling, also historically referred to as an auf or oaf, is a human-like creature found in folklore throughout Europe. A changeling was believed to be a fairy that had been left in place of a human (typically a child) stolen by other fairi ...
left in his wife's place after she had been abducted by
fairies.
**
Heian Shrine
The is a Shinto shrine located in Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The Shrine is ranked as a ''Beppyō Jinja'' () (the top rank for shrines) by the Association of Shinto Shrines. It is listed as an important cultural property of Japan.
History
220 ...
is completed in
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin, Keihanshin metropolitan area along wi ...
, Japan.
*
March 18
Events Pre-1600
* 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10.
* 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...
– The first worldwide gasoline
bus
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
route is started in Germany, between
Siegen
Siegen () is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is located in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the Arnsberg region. The university town (nearly 20,000 students in the 2018–2019 winter semest ...
and
Netphen
Netphen () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the river Sieg, roughly 7 km northeast of Siegen.
Geography
Location
Netphen lies on the Rothaargebirge's southern slope and forms the ...
.
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
–
Rudolf Diesel
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (, ; 18 March 1858 – 29 September 1913) was a German inventor and mechanical engineer who is famous for having invented the diesel engine, which burns diesel fuel; both are named after him.
Early life and educat ...
patents the
Diesel engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-ca ...
in Germany.
April–June
*
April 6
Events Pre–1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.
* 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
*13 ...
–
Oscar Wilde is arrested in London for "gross indecency", after losing a
criminal libel
Criminal libel is a legal term, of English origin, which may be used with one of two distinct meanings, in those common law jurisdictions where it is still used.
It is an alternative name for the common law offence which is also known (in order ...
case against the
Marquess of Queensberry
Marquess of Queensberry is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. The title has been held since its creation in 1682 by a member of the Douglas family. The Marquesses also held the title of Duke of Queensberry from 1684 to 1810, when it was in ...
.
*
April 7
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town.
* 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...
–
Nansen's ''Fram'' expedition to the
Arctic
The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, N ...
reaches 86°13.6'N, almost 3° beyond the previous
Farthest North
Farthest North describes the most northerly latitude reached by explorers, before the first successful expedition to the North Pole rendered the expression obsolete. The Arctic polar regions are much more accessible than those of the Antarctic, as ...
attained.
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
–
A major earthquake severely damages
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the are ...
, the capital of
Carniola.
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide.
* 73 – Masad ...
– The town of
Sturgeon Falls, Ontario, is incorporated.
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– The
Treaty of Shimonoseki
The , also known as the Treaty of Maguan () in China and in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was a treaty signed at the , Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the Firs ...
is signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the
First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a conflict between China and Japan primarily over influence in Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the ...
, and the defeated
Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea, and to concede the southern portion of
Fengtien province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
,
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, and the
Pescadores Islands to Japan.
The huge indemnity exacted from China is used to establish the
Yawata Iron and Steel Works in Japan.
*
April 22
Events Pre-1600
* 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
* 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
*1529 – Treaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern h ...
–
Gongche Shangshu movement The Gongche Shangshu movement (), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty ...
: 603 candidates sign a 10,000-word petition against the
Treaty of Shimonoseki
The , also known as the Treaty of Maguan () in China and in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was a treaty signed at the , Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the Firs ...
.
*
April 27 – The historic Spiral Bridge is constructed to carry U.S. 61 over the Mississippi River, at
Hastings, Minnesota. The picturesque bridge is one-of-a-kind, and serves the citizens of Hastings for 56 years, until it is demolished in
1951
Events
January
* January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950).
* January 9 – The Government of the United ...
.
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
–
Dundela Football, Sports & Association Club is formed in
Belfast
Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom ...
.
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
–
Gongche Shangshu movement The Gongche Shangshu movement (), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty ...
: Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protest against the
Treaty of Shimonoseki
The , also known as the Treaty of Maguan () in China and in the period before and during World War II in Japan, was a treaty signed at the , Shimonoseki, Japan on April 17, 1895, between the Empire of Japan and Qing China, ending the Firs ...
.
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– Thirteen workers are killed by soldiers of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
during the
Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strike.
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...
– The first motor race in Italy is held. It runs on a course from
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The ...
to
Asti and back, a total of . Five entrants start the event; only three complete it. It is won by Simone Federman in a four-seat
Daimler Omnibus, at an average speed of .
[The Story of the Grand Prix](_blank)
(retrieved 11 June 2017)
*
May 24 – Anti-Japanese officials, led by
Tang Jingsong
Tang Jingsong (; 1841–1903) was a Chinese general and statesman. He commanded the Yunnan Army in the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885), and made an important contribution to Qing dynasty China's military effort in Tonkin (northern Vi ...
in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
, declare independence from the
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-spea ...
, forming the short-lived
Republic of Formosa
The Republic of Formosa was a short-lived republic that existed on the island of Taiwan in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the Qing dynasty of China to the Empire of Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki and its being taken over by ...
.
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– ''R. v. Wilde'':
Oscar Wilde is convicted in London of "unlawfully committing acts of gross indecency with certain male persons" (under the
Labouchere Amendment
Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, commonly known as the Labouchere Amendment, made "gross indecency" a crime in the United Kingdom. In practice, the law was used broadly to prosecute male homosexuals where actual sodomy (meaning, ...
) and given a two years' sentence of
hard labour, during which he will write ''
De Profundis''.
*
May 27 – ''
In re Debs
''In re Debs'', 158 U.S. 564 (1895), was a US labor law case of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and trade union, labor unions.
Background
Eugene V. Debs, president ...
'': The
Supreme Court of the United States decides that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the
Pullman Strike
The Pullman Strike was two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic depression. First came a strike by the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman factory in Chi ...
.
*
June 5 – The Liberal Revolution begins in
Ecuador
Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...
, making the civil war more intense in this country.
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
** Britain annexes
Tongaland
Maputaland is a natural region of Southern Africa. It is located in the northern part of the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa between Eswatini and the coast. In a wider sense it may also include the southernmost region of Mozambique. The bi ...
, between
Zululand and
Mozambique
Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
.
** The
Paris–Bordeaux–Paris
The Paris–Bordeaux–Paris Trail race of June 1895 is sometimes called the "first motor race", although it did not fit modern competition where the fastest is the winner. It was a win for Émile Levassor, who came first after completing the 1,1 ...
race is held, sometimes called the first automobile race in history.
*
June 20
** The
Kiel Canal
The Kiel Canal (german: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal, literally "North- oEast alticSea canal", formerly known as the ) is a long freshwater canal in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The canal was finished in 1895, but later widened, and links the N ...
, connecting the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
to the
Baltic
Baltic may refer to:
Peoples and languages
* Baltic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages, including Lithuanian, Latvian and extinct Old Prussian
*Balts (or Baltic peoples), ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originati ...
across the base of the
Jutland
Jutland ( da, Jylland ; german: Jütland ; ang, Ēota land ), known anciently as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula ( la, Cimbricus Chersonesus; da, den Kimbriske Halvø, links=no or ; german: Kimbrische Halbinsel, links=no), is a peninsula of ...
peninsula in Germany, is officially opened.
** The Treaty of Amapala establishes the
union
Union commonly refers to:
* Trade union, an organization of workers
* Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets
Union may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Music
* Union (band), an American rock group
** ''Un ...
of
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...
,
Honduras and
El Salvador (which ends in
1898
Events
January–March
* January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
).
*
June 28 – The
United States Court of Private Land Claims rules that
James Reavis's claim to the Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent".
July–September
![Train wreck at Montparnasse 1895](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Train_wreck_at_Montparnasse_1895.jpg)
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
–
11 – The
Doukhobor
The Doukhobours or Dukhobors (russian: духоборы / духоборцы, dukhobory / dukhobortsy; ) are a Spiritual Christian ethnoreligious group of Russian origin. They are one of many non-Orthodox ethno-confessional faiths in Russia a ...
s' pacifist protests culminate in the "burning of the arms" in the
South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Arme ...
.
*
July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
–
Archie MacLaren
Archibald Campbell MacLaren (1 December 1871 – 17 November 1944) was an English cricketer who captained the England cricket team at various times between 1898 and 1909. A right-handed batsman, he played 35 Test matches for England, as ...
scores an English
County Championship
The County Championship (referred to as the LV= Insurance County Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the domestic first-class cricket competition in England and Wales and is organised by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). It bec ...
cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by str ...
record innings of 424 for
Lancashire
Lancashire ( , ; abbreviated Lancs) is the name of a historic county, ceremonial county, and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The boundaries of these three areas differ significantly.
The non-metropolitan county of Lancash ...
, against
Somerset
( en, All The People of Somerset)
, locator_map =
, coordinates =
, region = South West England
, established_date = Ancient
, established_by =
, preceded_by =
, origin =
, lord_lieutenant_office =Lord Lieutenant of Somerset
, lord_ ...
, at
Taunton
Taunton () is the county town of Somerset, England, with a 2011 population of 69,570. Its thousand-year history includes a 10th-century monastic foundation, Taunton Castle, which later became a priory. The Normans built a castle owned by the ...
. This record lasted until
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson ...
.
*
July 31 – The
Basque Nationalist Party (Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco) is founded by
Sabino Arana
Sabino Policarpo Arana Goiri (in Spanish), Sabin Polikarpo Arana Goiri (in Basque), or Arana ta Goiri'taŕ Sabin (self-styled) (26 January 1865 – 25 November 1903), was a Basque writer and the founder of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) ...
.
*
August 7
Events Pre-1600
* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer.
* 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Co ...
– The
Aljaž Tower, a symbol of the
Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their na ...
, is erected on Mount
Triglav.
*
August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– The first ever indoor
promenade concert
Promenade concerts were musical performances in the 18th and 19th century pleasure gardens of London, where the audience would stroll about while listening to the music. The term derives from the French ''se promener'', "to walk".
Today, the te ...
, origin of
The Proms
The BBC Proms or Proms, formally named the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts Presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hal ...
, is held at the
Queen's Hall
The Queen's Hall was a concert hall in Langham Place, London, Langham Place, London, opened in 1893. Designed by the architect Thomas Knightley, it had room for an audience of about 2,500 people. It became London's principal concert venue. Fro ...
in London, opening a series conducted by
Henry Wood
Sir Henry Joseph Wood (3 March 186919 August 1944) was an English conductor best known for his association with London's annual series of promenade concerts, known as the The Proms, Proms. He conducted them for nearly half a century, introd ...
.
*
August 19
Events Pre-1600
*295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.
*43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...
–
American frontier murderer and outlaw
John Wesley Hardin is killed by an off-duty policeman, in a
saloon in
El Paso, Texas
El Paso (; "the pass") is a city in and the county seat, seat of El Paso County, Texas, El Paso County in the western corner of the U.S. state of Texas. The 2020 population of the city from the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau w ...
.
*
August 29
Events Pre-1600
* 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708).
* 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...
** The Northern Rugby Football Union (the modern-day
Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League is the governing body for professional rugby league in England, and until 1995 for the whole British Isles. The name Rugby Football League previously also referred to the main league competition run by the organisati ...
) is formed at a meeting of 21
rugby
Rugby may refer to:
Sport
* Rugby football in many forms:
** Rugby league: 13 players per side
*** Masters Rugby League
*** Mod league
*** Rugby league nines
*** Rugby league sevens
*** Touch (sport)
*** Wheelchair rugby league
** Rugby union: 1 ...
clubs at the
George Hotel, Huddersfield
The George Hotel in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England, is a Grade II listed building famous as the birthplace of rugby league football in 1895. The 60 bed hotel was built in 1851 and closed in January 2013, with the receivers looking for a n ...
, in the north of England, leading to the creation of the sport of
rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 11 ...
football.
** The
Mat Salleh Rebellion
The Mat Salleh Rebellion was a series of major armed disturbances against the British North Borneo Chartered Company administration in North Borneo, now the Malaysian state of Sabah. It was instigated by Datu Muhammad Salleh (also known as Mat ...
in
North Borneo is incited.
*
September
September is the ninth month of the year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the third of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the fourth of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. September in the Northern H ...
–
Shelbourne F.C.
Shelbourne Football Club ( ga, Cumann Peile Shíol Bhroin) is an Irish association football club based in Drumcondra, Dublin, who play in the League of Ireland Premier Division.
Shelbourne were founded in Dublin in 1895. In 1904 the club join ...
is founded in
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...
,
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
.
*
September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
– The first professional
American football
American football (referred to simply as football in the United States and Canada), also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team wi ...
game is played, in
Latrobe, Pennsylvania
Latrobe is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in the United States and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
The city population was 8,338 as of the 2010 census (9,265 in 1990). It is located near Pennsylvania's scenic Chestnut Ri ...
, between the Latrobe
YMCA
YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams (philanthropist), Georg ...
and the Jeannette Athletic Club (Latrobe wins 12–0).
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– The first game of what will become known as
rugby league
Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 11 ...
football is played in England, starting the
1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season
The 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season was the first ever season of semi-professional rugby football, which formed the foundation of the modern-day sport of rugby league. Twenty-two Northern English teams from both sides of the Pennin ...
.
*
September 18
Events Pre-1600
* 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects.
* 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...
**
Booker T. Washington
Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and adviser to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American c ...
delivers the
Atlanta Compromise speech.
**
Daniel David Palmer performs the first chiropractic
spinal adjustment, on
Harvey Lillard, whose complaint was partial deafness after an injury.
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
–
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– the ''
Automobile Club de France
The Automobile Club of France (french: Automobile Club de France, links=no) (ACF) is a men's club founded on November 12, 1895 by Albert de Dion, Paul Meyan, and its first president, the Dutch-born Baron Etienne van Zuylen van Nijevelt.
The Auto ...
'' sponsors the longest race to date, a event, from
Bordeaux
Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefect ...
to
Agen
The commune of Agen (, ; ) is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It lies on the river Garonne southeast of Bordeaux.
Geography
The city of Agen lies in the southwestern department ...
and back.
Because it is held in ten stages, it can be considered the first
rally
Rally or rallye may refer to:
Gatherings
* Demonstration (political), a political rally, a political demonstration of support or protest, march, or parade
* Pep rally, an event held at a United States school or college sporting event
Sport ...
. The first three places are taken by two
Panhard
Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed ...
s and a three-wheeler
De Dion-Bouton
De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer operating from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, Georges Bouton, and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles Trépardoux.
Steam cars
T ...
.
October–December
*
October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôc ...
**
Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( ; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)''The Times'', (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12. was an English novelist, short-story writer, poet, and journalist. He was born in British India, which inspired much of his work.
...
publishes the story ''
Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever'' in ''
The Cosmopolitan'' illustrated magazine in the United States (price 10 cents), collected in ''
The Second Jungle Book
''The Second Jungle Book'' is a sequel to ''The Jungle Book'' by Rudyard Kipling. First published in 1895, it features five stories about Mowgli and three unrelated stories, all but one set in India, most of which Kipling wrote while living in ...
'', published in England in November.
** The
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public university, public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidn ...
holds its first classes in London, England.
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
– French troops capture
Antananarivo
Antananarivo (French language, French: ''Tananarive'', ), also known by its colonial shorthand form Tana, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Madagascar. The administrative area of the city, known as Antananarivo-Renivohitra ("An ...
,
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
.
*
October 2
Events Pre-1600
* 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
* 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ...
–
Peiyang University
National Peiyang University (北洋大学堂), originally Imperial Tientsin University, was established in Tianjin in October 1895 by Sheng Xuanhuai, the official of the Tianjin Customs, with the approval of the Guangxu Emperor of Qing dynasty. I ...
, as predecessor of
Tianjin University
Tianjin University (TJU, ), formerly Peiyang University (), is a national public research university in Tianjin, China. The university was established in 1895 by Guangxu Emperor's royal charter to be the first university of China. It is now fu ...
, as representative
institution of higher education school in China, was founded in former
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-spea ...
.
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
– The Eulmi Incident:
Empress Myeongseong
Empress Myeongseong or Empress Myungsung (명성황후 민씨; 17 November 1851 – 8 October 1895In lunar calendar, the Empress was born on 25 September 1851 and died on 20 August 1895), informally known as Empress Min, was the official wife ...
of Korea is killed at her private residence within
Gyeongbokgung
Gyeongbokgung (), also known as Gyeongbokgung Palace or Gyeongbok Palace, was the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty. Built in 1395, it is located in northern Seoul, South Korea. The largest of the '' Five Grand Palaces'' built by the Joseo ...
Palace by Japanese agents.
*
October 22
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.
* 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (no ...
–
Montparnasse derailment
The Montparnasse derailment occurred at 16:00 on 22 October 1895 when the Granville–Paris Express overran the buffer stop at its Gare Montparnasse terminus. With the train several minutes late and the driver trying to make up for lost time, i ...
: A locomotive runs through the exterior wall of the
Gare Montparnasse
Gare Montparnasse (; Montparnasse station), officially Paris-Montparnasse, one of the six large Paris railway termini, is located in the 14th and 15th arrondissements.
The station opened in 1840, was rebuilt in 1852 and relocated in 1969 to ...
terminus, in Paris.
*
October 23
Events Pre-1600
*4004 BC – James Ussher's proposed creation date of the world according to the Bible.
*42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the Batt ...
– The city of
Tainan
Tainan (), officially Tainan City, is a special municipality in southern Taiwan facing the Taiwan Strait on its western coast. Tainan is the oldest city on the island and also commonly known as the "Capital City" for its over 200 years of his ...
, last stronghold of the
Republic of Formosa
The Republic of Formosa was a short-lived republic that existed on the island of Taiwan in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the Qing dynasty of China to the Empire of Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki and its being taken over by ...
, capitulates to the forces of the
Empire of Japan
The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of Japan, 1947 constitu ...
, ending the short-lived republic, and beginning the era of
Taiwan under Japanese rule
The Geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu, Penghu Islands, became a Dependent territory, dependency of Empire of Japan, Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan Province, Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty ...
.
*
October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...
– A
major earthquake
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at ...
occurs in the
New Madrid Seismic Zone
The New Madrid Seismic Zone (), sometimes called the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes (earthquakes within a tectonic plate) in the Southern and Midwestern United States, stretching t ...
of the
midwestern United States
The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...
, the last to date.
*
November 1
Events Pre-1600
*365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
– The
Berlin Wintergarten theatre
The Berlin Wintergarten theatre was a large variety theatre in Berlin-Mitte.
It opened in 1887 and was destroyed by bombs during the Second World War.
The Skladanowsky brothers showcased the first short film presentation at the theatre in 189 ...
was the site of the first cinema ever, with a short movie presented by the
Skladanowsky brothers
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
–
George B. Selden is granted the first U.S.
patent
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A ...
for an automobile.
*
November 8
Events Pre-1600
* 960 – Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla.
*1278 – Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, ...
–
Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (; ; 27 March 184510 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achie ...
discovers a type of
radiation (later known as
X-ray
An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
s).
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
–
Flamengo
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (; English: ''Flamengo Rowing Club''), more commonly referred to as simply Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighborhood of Gávea, best known for their professional football ...
, a well known professional football club in
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, is officially founded.
*
November 25
Events Pre-1600
*571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans.
*1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...
–
Oscar Hammerstein opens the
Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in New York City's
Times Square
Times Square is a major commercial intersection, tourist destination, entertainment hub, and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is formed by the junction of Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd Street. Together with adjacent ...
district.
*
November 27
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han.
* 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...
– At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris,
Alfred Nobel signs his
last will and testament
A will or testament is a legal document that expresses a person's (testator) wishes as to how their property ( estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person ( executor) is to manage the property until its final distributi ...
, setting aside his estate to establish the
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
after his death.
*
November 28
Events Pre-1600
* 587 – Treaty of Andelot
The Treaty of Andelot (or Pact of Andelot) was signed at Andelot-Blancheville in 587 between King Guntram of Burgundy and Queen Brunhilda of Austrasia. Based on the terms of the accord, Brun ...
–
''Chicago Times-Herald'' race: The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the ''
Chicago Times-Herald''. Press coverage first arouses significant American interest in the automobile.
*
December
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December got its name from the Latin word ''decem'' (meaning ten) because it was or ...
** Ottoman troops burn 3,000
Armenians
Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ...
alive in
Urfa
Urfa, officially known as Şanlıurfa () and in ancient times as Edessa, is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of Şanlıurfa Province. Urfa is situated on a plain about 80 km east of the Euphrates River. Its climate features ex ...
.
** The
Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War
The Anglo-Ashanti wars were a series of five conflicts that took place between 1824 and 1900 between the Ashanti Empire—in the Akan interior of the Gold Coast—and the British Empire and its African allies. Though the Ashanti emerged vict ...
begins.
*
December 7
Events Pre-1600
*43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius.
* 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...
– A corps of 2,350 Italian troops, mostly
Askari
An askari (from Somali, Swahili and Arabic , , meaning "soldier" or "military", which also means "police" in the Somali language) was a local soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa, particularly in the African G ...
, are crushed by 30,000 Abyssinian troops at
Amba Alagi
Imba Alaje is a mountain, or an amba, in northern Ethiopia. Located in the Debubawi Zone of the Tigray Region, Imba Alaje dominates the roadway that runs past it from the city of Mek'ele south to Maychew. Because of its strategic location, Emba ...
.
*
December 11
Events Pre-1600
* 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty.
* 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor.
* 861 – Assassination of the Abba ...
–
Svante Arrhenius
Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. He received the Nob ...
becomes the first scientist to deliver quantified data about
the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide (the "
Greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when energy from a planet's host star goes through the planet's atmosphere and heats the planet's surface, but greenhouse gases in the atmosphere prevent some of the heat from returning directly ...
"), as he presents his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon The Temperature of the Ground" to the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
*
December 15
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum.
* 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes Paschal and Theodor ...
– The railways of the
Cape of Good Hope,
Colony of Natal
The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Natalia Republic, Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three o ...
, the
Orange Free State
The Orange Free State ( nl, Oranje Vrijstaat; af, Oranje-Vrystaat;) was an independent Boer sovereign republic under British suzerainty in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeat ...
, the
South African Republic
The South African Republic ( nl, Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, abbreviated ZAR; af, Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it ...
and southern
Mozambique
Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...
are all linked at Union Junction near
Alberton.
[''Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway'', Statement No. 19, p. 183, ref. no. 200954-13]
*
December 18
Events Pre-1600
*1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China.
*1499 – A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced conversions ...
– The
Laurin & Klement
Laurin & Klement was a Czech automobile, motorcycle and bicycle manufacturing company founded in 1895 in Mladá Boleslav, Kingdom of Bohemia by automotive pioneers Václav Laurin and Václav Klement. Car production commenced in 1905, and the com ...
automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods.
The year 1886 is regarde ...
brand, predecessor of
Škoda Auto
Škoda Auto a.s. (), often shortened to Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer established in 1925 as the successor to Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Škoda Works became state owned in 1948. After 1 ...
, is founded as a bicycle manufacturer in
Central Bohemian Region
The Central Bohemian Region ( cz, Středočeský kraj, german: Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit ( cz, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in ...
,
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...
(modern-day
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
).
*
December 24
Events Pre-1600
* 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate.
* 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death.
* 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...
**
Kingstown lifeboat disaster
The Kingstown lifeboat disaster occurred on Christmas Eve 1895 off Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), Ireland, when the Kingstown lifeboat was capsized while attempting to rescue the crew of the stricken SS ''Palme''. The crew of fifteen were lost. ...
: 15 crew are lost when their
life-boat capsizes, while trying to rescue the crew of the ''Palme'' off Kingstown (modern-day
Dún Laoghaire
Dún Laoghaire ( , ) is a suburban coastal town in Dublin in Ireland. It is the administrative centre of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.
The town was built following the 1816 legislation that allowed the building of a major port to serve Dubli ...
), near
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...
, Ireland.
**
George Washington Vanderbilt II
George Washington Vanderbilt II (November 14, 1862 – March 6, 1914) was an art collector and member of the prominent Vanderbilt family, which amassed a huge fortune through steamboats, railroads, and various business enterprises. He commission ...
officially opens his
Biltmore Estate, inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in
Asheville, North Carolina.
*
December 28
Events Pre-1600
* 418 – A papal conclave begins, resulting in the election of Pope Boniface I.
* 457 – Majorian is acclaimed as Western Roman emperor.
* 484 – Alaric II succeeds his father Euric and becomes king of the ...
–
Auguste and Louis Lumière
The Lumière brothers (, ; ), Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière (19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean Lumière (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1948), were French manufacturers of photography equipment, best known for their ''Ciném ...
show their first moving picture film in Paris.
Date unknown
* The world's first portable handheld electric
drill is developed, by brothers
Wilhelm
Wilhelm may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm"
* Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname
Other uses
* Mount ...
and Carl Fein in Germany.
*
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (russian: Константи́н Эдуа́рдович Циолко́вский , , p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕ tsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj , a=Ru-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.oga; – 19 September 1935) ...
proposes a
space elevator
A space elevator, also referred to as a space bridge, star ladder, and orbital lift, is a proposed type of planet-to-space transportation system, often depicted in science fiction. The main component would be a cable (also called a space tethe ...
.
*
Grace Chisholm Young becomes the first woman awarded a doctorate at a German university.
*
W. E. B. Du Bois becomes the first
African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ens ...
to receive a Ph.D. from
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
.
* The
Swarovski Company is founded by Armand Kosman, Franz Weis and
Daniel Swarovski
Daniel Swarovski (24 October 1862 – 23 January 1956) was a Bohemian-born Austrian glass cutter, jeweler, and founder of the Swarovski crystal dynasty.
Early life
Swarovski was born in Georgenthal, Bohemia, Austrian Empire (now Jiřetín ...
in the
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n
Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
, for the production of
crystal glass
Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass. Lead glass contains typically 18–40% (by weight) lead(II) oxide (PbO), while modern lead crystal, historically als ...
.
* The name ''
HP Sauce
HP Sauce is a British brown sauce, the main ingredients of which are tomatoes and tamarind extract. It was named after London's Houses of Parliament. After making its first appearance on British dinner tables in the late 19th century, HP Sauce ...
'' is first registered in the United Kingdom for a
brown sauce
Brown sauce is a condiment commonly served with food in the United Kingdom and Ireland, normally dark brown in colour. The taste is either tart or sweet with a peppery taste similar to that of Worcestershire sauce.
Brown sauce is typically eate ...
.
* The
Duck Reach Power Station
Duck Reach Power Station was the first publicly owned hydro-electric plant in the Southern Hemisphere, and provided the Tasmanian city of Launceston with hydro-electric power from its construction in 1895 to its closure in 1955.
Construction
...
opens in
Tasmania
)
, nickname =
, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdi ...
(the first publicly owned
hydroelectric plant in the
Southern Hemisphere).
* The first
Boxer dog show is held at
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
, Germany.
* A huge crowd at the first
Welsh Grand National
The Coral Welsh Grand National is a Premier Handicap National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Chepstow, Wales, over a distance of abo ...
at
Ely Racecourse,
Cardiff
Cardiff (; cy, Caerdydd ) is the capital and largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Cardiff ( cy, Dinas a Sir Caerdydd, links=no), and the city is the eleventh-largest in the United Kingd ...
, breaks down barriers and almost overwhelms police trying to keep out gatecrashers.
* German
trade union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ...
s have c. 270,000 members.
* The Raiffeisen model of Cooperative Credit and Saving Bank, as predecessor of
Rabo Bank
Rabobank (; full name: ''Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A.'') is a Dutch multinational banking and financial services company headquartered in Utrecht, Netherlands. The group comprises 89 local Dutch Rabobanks (2019), a central organisation (Raboba ...
, a worldwide multiple
financial service
Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, ...
is founded in
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
.
Births
January
![L](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/L.A_Mayer.jpg)
*
January 1
January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...
**
Bert Acosta
Bertrand Blanchard Acosta (January 1, 1895 – September 1, 1954) was a record-setting aviator and test pilot. He and Clarence D. Chamberlin set an endurance record of 51 hours, 11 minutes, and 25 seconds in the air. He later flew in the Span ...
, American aviator (d.
1954)
**
J. Edgar Hoover
John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an American law enforcement administrator who served as the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He was appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation ...
, American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. 1972)
* January 4 – Leroy Grumman, American aeronautical engineer, test pilot and industrialist (d. 1982)
*
January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
* 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French a ...
– A. Edward Sutherland, English film director and actor (d. 1973)
* January 9 – Lucian Truscott, American general (d. 1965)
* January 11 – Graciela Amaya de García, Mexican feminist, organizer (d. 1995)
* January 15
** Leo Aryeh Mayer, Israeli professor, scholar of Islamic art (d. 1959)
** Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
* January 19
**Isamu Chō, Japanese general (d. 1945)
**Arthur Coningham (RAF officer), Arthur Coningham, British air force air marshal (d. 1948)
* January 21
** Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish-French couturier (d. 1972)
** Davíð Stefánsson, Icelandic poet (d. 1964)
* January 23 – Raymond Griffith, American actor (d. 1957)
* January 30
**Marianne Golz, Austrian-born opera singer and World War II resistance member (d. 1943)
**Wilhelm Gustloff, German-born Swiss Nazi party leader (d. 1936)
February
![Louise Lovely 3 - Aug 1920 EH](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Louise_Lovely_3_-_Aug_1920_EH.jpg)
* February 2 – George Halas, American football player, coach, and co-founder of the National Football League (d. 1983)
* February 6 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player (d. 1948)
* February 8 – Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic, Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic (d. 1952)
* February 10 – John Black (businessman), John Black, English chairman of Standard-Triumph (d. 1965)
*
February 14 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher, sociologist (d. 1973)
* February 15 – Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (d. 1971)
* February 18 (O.S. 6 February) – Semyon Timoshenko, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1970)
* February 19
**Louis Calhern, American actor (d. 1956)
**Diego Mazquiarán, Spanish matador (d. 1940)
* February 21 – Henrik Dam, Danish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
*
February 25 – Lew Andreas, American basketball coach (d. 1984)
* February 27 – Edward Brophy, American character actor (d. 1960)
* February 28
** Louise Lovely, Australian actress (d. 1980)
** Marcel Pagnol, French novelist, playwright (d. 1974)
March
![McCuddenportrait](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/McCuddenportrait.jpg)
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
** Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
** Matthew Ridgway, United States Army Chief of Staff, Commander of NATO (d. 1993)
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
** Mikuláš Galanda, Slovak painter and illustrator (d. 1938)
** Shemp Howard, American actor, comedian (''The Three Stooges'') (d. 1955)
** Milt Gross, American comic book illustrator, animator (d. 1953)
* March 12 – William C. Lee, American general (d. 1948)
* March 20
** Robert Benoist, French race car driver, war hero (d. 1944)
** Johnny Morrison (baseball), Johnny Morrison, American professional baseball player (d. 1966)
* March 22 – Archie Cameron, Australian politician (d. 1956)
* March 23 – Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian (d. 2001)
* March 27 – Ruth Snyder, American murderer (d. 1928)
* March 28
** Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, (d. 1957)
** Donald Grey Barnhouse, American theologian, pastor, author, and radio pioneer (d. 1960)
** Spencer W. Kimball, 12th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1985)
** James McCudden, British World War I flying ace (d. 1918)
* March 29
** Ernst Jünger, German military hero, philosopher and entomologist (d. 1998)
** George Alan Vasey, George Vasey, Australian general (d. 1945)
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
– Carl Lutz, Swiss-American WWII humanitarian (d. 1975)
April
![Stanley Rous](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Stanley_Rous.jpg)
* April 1 – Alberta Hunter, American singer (d. 1984)
* April 3 – Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (d. 1968)
* April 4 – John Kotelawala, 3rd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 1980)
* April 5 – Mike O'Dowd, American boxer (d. 1957)
* April 10 – Elena Aiello, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious (d. 1961)
* April 12 – John Erskine, Lord Erskine, British soldier and politician (d. 1953)
* April 13 – Olga Rudge, American violinist (d. 1996)
*
April 14
Events Pre-1600
* 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum.
* 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...
– Anton Reinthaller, Austrian right-wing politician (d. 1958)
* April 15
** Corrado Alvaro, Italian ''verismo' writer and journalist (d. 1968)
** Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker, billiards player (d. 1980)
* April 19 – Antonio Locatelli, Italian aviator and journalist (d. 1936)
* April 20 – Emile Christian, American musician (d. 1973)
* April 25 – Stanley Rous, English administrator, 6th President of FIFA (d. 1986)
* April 26 – Hans Kopfermann, German physicist (d. 1963)
* April 29 – Malcolm Sargent, English conductor (d. 1967)
May
![Rudolph Valentino](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Rudolph_Valentino.jpg)
*
May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
*1169 – N ...
– Nikolai Yezhov, Soviet politician and police chief, Great Purge Perpetrator (d. 1940)
*
May 2
Events Pre-1600
* 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
*1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
* 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...
– Lorenz Hart, US lyricist (d. 1943)
* May 5 – Charles Lamont, Russian-born film director (d. 1993)
* May 6 – Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (d. 1926)
* May 8 – Fulton J. Sheen, American Catholic archbishop, television personality (d. 1979)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
*1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
*1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...
– Richard Barthelmess, American actor (d. 1963)
* May 10 – Kama Chinen, Japanese supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1895 (d. 2010)
* May 11 – Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher, speaker, and writer (d. 1986)
* May 12 – William Giauque, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
* May 15 – Prescott Bush, American banker and politician (d. 1972)
* May 17
** Saul Adler, Russian-born British-Israeli expert on parasitology (d. 1966)
* May 21 – Lázaro Cárdenas, 44th President of Mexico, 1934-1940 (d. 1970)
*
May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Dorothea Lange, American documentary photographer, photojournalist (d. 1965)
June
![Tetra Pak founder Ruben Rausing](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Tetra_Pak_founder_Ruben_Rausing.jpg)
* June 3 – K. M. Panikkar, Indian scholar, diplomat and journalist (d. 1963)
* June 4 – Dino Grandi, Italian Fascist politician (d. 1988)
** Russell Hicks, American actor (d. 1957)
*
June 5 – William Boyd (actor), William Boyd, American actor (d. 1972)
* June 10 – Hattie McDaniel, actress, first African-American woman to win an Academy Award (in 1939) (d. 1952)
* June 12
** Eugénie Brazier, French cook (d. 1977)
** Wilfrid Kent Hughes, Australian Olympian and politician (d. 1970)
* June 15 – Irina Odoyevtseva, Russian poet, novelist and memoirist (d. 1990)
* June 17
** Louise Fazenda, American actress (d. 1962)
** Ruben Rausing, Swedish entrepreneur, founder of Tetra Pak (d. 1983)
* June 21 – John Wesley Snyder (US Cabinet Secretary), John Wesley Snyder, American businessman and Cabinet Secretary (d. 1985)
* June 23 – Joseph Vogt, German classical historian (d. 1986)
* June 24
** Jack Dempsey, American boxer (d. 1983)
** Juan Miles, Argentine polo player (d. 1981)
*
June 28 – Kazimierz Sikorski, Polish composer (d. 1986)
* June 29
** Dorothy Stuart Russell, Australian-British pathologist (d. 1983)
* June 30 – Heinz Warneke, American sculptor (d. 1983)
July
![Cropped screenshot of Ken Maynard in In Old Santa Fe film, 1934](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Cropped_screenshot_of_Ken_Maynard_in_In_Old_Santa_Fe_film%2C_1934.png)
* July 1 – Lucy Somerville Howorth, American lawyer, feminist and politician (d. 1997)
* July 2
** Leslie Frise, British aerospace engineer and aircraft designer (d. 1979)
** Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi, Russian aircraft engineer (d. 1975)
* July 3 – Jean Paige, American actress (d. 1990)
* July 4 – Irving Caesar, American lyricist, theater composer (d. 1996)
* July 5 – Frederic McGrand, Canadian physician and politician (d. 1988)
* July 8
** Heinrich-Hermann von Hülsen, German major general (d. 1982)
** Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
* July 9
** Joe Gleason, American pitcher (d. 1990)
** Frederick Melrose Horowhenua Hanson, New Zealand soldier, engineer, military leader and public servant (d. 1979)
** Gunnar Aaby, Danish soccer player (d. 1966)
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
** Andrew Earl Weatherly, American philatelist (d. 1981)
** Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
** Nahum Goldmann, leading Zionist (d. 1982)
* July 12
** Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1982)
** Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
* July 14
** Jin Yuelin, Chinese philosopher (d. 1984)
** LeRoy Prinz, American choreographer, director and producer (d. 1983)
* July 18 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (d. 1991)
* July 19
** Snake Henry, American baseball player (d. 1987)
** Tee Tee Luce, Burmese philanthropist (d. 1982)
** Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
* July 20 – Chapman Revercomb, American politician and lawyer (d. 1979)
* July 21
** Adam Papée, Polish fencing star (d. 1990)
** Henry Lynn, American film director, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1984)
** Ken Maynard, American actor (d. 1973)
* July 22 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet (d. 1976)
* July 23 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
* July 24 – Robert Graves, English writer (d. 1985)
* July 25
** Yvonne Printemps, French singer and actress (d. 1977)
** Ingeborg Spangsfeldt, Danish actress (d. 1968)
* July 26
** Gracie Allen, American actress, comedian (d. 1964)
** Kenneth Harlan, American actor (d. 1967)
* July 30 – Joseph DuMoe, American football coach (d. 1959)
August
![CO 1069-501-7 (7892976814)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/CO_1069-501-7_%287892976814%29.jpg)
* August 6 – Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban pianist, composer (d. 1963)
* August 8
** :fr:Aimé Giral, Aimé Giral, French rugby player (d. 1915)
** Jean Navarre, French World War I fighter ace (d. 1919)
*
August 10
Events Pre-1600
* 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I.
* 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Gro ...
– Harry Richman, American entertainer (d. 1972)
* August 12 – Lynde D. McCormick, American admiral (d. 1956)
* August 13 – István Barta, Hungarian water polo player (d. 1948)
* August 16
** Liane Haid, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
** Lucien Littlefield, American actor (d. 1960)
* August 18 – Sibyl Morrison, Australian barrister (d. 1961)
*
August 19
Events Pre-1600
*295 BC – The first temple to Venus, the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges during the Third Samnite War.
*43 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later know ...
– François Demol, Belgian footballer (d. 1966)
* August 24
**Guido Masiero, Italian World War I flying ace, aviation pioneer (d. 1942)
**Tuanku Abdul Rahman, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
September
![John G](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/John_G._Diefenbaker.jpg)
* September 1
** Chembai, Indian Carnatic musician (d. 1974)
** Engelbert Zaschka, German helicopter pioneer (d. 1955)
* September 6 – Margery Perham, English Africanist (d. 1982)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
*1159 – Pope Alexander III is chosen.
*1191 – Third Cr ...
– Sir Brian Horrocks, British general (d. 1985)
* September 8 – Sara García, Mexican actress (d. 1980)
* September 11 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian religious leader (d. 1982)
* September 13
**Ruth McDevitt, American actress (d. 1976)
**Bernard Warburton-Lee, British naval officer, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1940)
*
September 18
Events Pre-1600
* 96 – Domitian, who has been conducting a reign of terror for the past three years, is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects.
* 96 – Nerva is proclaimed Roman emperor a ...
** John Diefenbaker, 13th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1979)
** Tomoji Tanabe, Japanese supercentenarian (d. 2009)
* September 20 – Lloyd W. Bertaud, American aviator (d. 1927)
* September 21 – Juan de la Cierva, Spanish civil engineer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and inventor of the autogyro (d. 1936)
* September 22 – Paul Muni, Austro-Hungarian-born American actor (d. 1967)
*
September 24
Events Pre-1600
*787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
*1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...
– André Frédéric Cournand, French-born physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1988)
* September 29 – Joseph Banks Rhine, American parapsychologist (d. 1980)
* September 30 – Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1977)
October
![Gerhard Domagk nobel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gerhard_Domagk_nobel.jpg)
*
October 1
Events Pre-1600
* 331 BC – Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.
* 366 – Pope Damasus I is consecrated.
* 959 – Edgar the Peaceful becomes king of all England, in succession to Eadw ...
– Liaquat Ali Khan, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (d.
1951
Events
January
* January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950).
* January 9 – The Government of the United ...
)
*
October 3
Events Pre-1600
* 2457 BC – Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
* 52 BC – Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Juliu ...
– Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, Russian lyric poet (d. 1925)
* October 4
** Buster Keaton, American actor, film director (d. 1966)
** Richard Sorge, Soviet spy (k. 1944)
* October 7 – Ferdinand Čatloš, Slovak military officer and politician (d. 1972)
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
** Juan Perón, two-time President of Argentina (d. 1974)
** King Zog of Albania (d. 1961)
* October 9 – Ivan Yumashev (admiral), Ivan Yumashev, Soviet admiral (d. 1972)
* October 10 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (d. 1945)
* October 13
** Cemal Gürsel, Turkish army officer, President (d. 1966)
** Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978)
* October 14 – Silas Simmons, American Pre-Negro league baseball player, longest-lived professional baseball player (d. 2006)
* October 17 – Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, 21st President of Guatemala (d. 1982)
* October 19 – Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
* October 20 –
** Evelyn Brent, American actress (d. 1975)
** Rex Ingram (actor), Rex Ingram, African American actor (d. 1969)
** Morrie Ryskind, American dramatist (d. 1985)
* October 21 – Edna Purviance, American actress (d. 1958)
*
October 22
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.
* 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (no ...
– Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (d. 1980)
* October 24 – Charles Walter Allfrey, British general (d. 1964)
* October 25 – Levi Eshkol, Israeli Prime Minister (d. 1969)
* October 26 – Laura Třešňáková°, Czech actress (d. 1969) °-See Czech Wikipedia Page.
* October 28 – Ismail of Johor, Malaysian sultan (d. 1981)
* October 30
** Gerhard Domagk, German bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (declined) (d. 1964)
** Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1973)
*
October 31
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
* 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
* 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Co ...
– Basil Liddell Hart, British military historian (d. 1970)
November
![Paul Hindemith 1923](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Paul_Hindemith_1923.jpg)
* November 4 – Thomas G. W. Settle, American record-setting balloonist and admiral (d. 1980)
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
– Walter Gieseking, German pianist (d. 1956)
* November 10
**Franz Bachelin, German art director (d. 1980)
**John Knudsen Northrop, American airplane manufacturer (d. 1981)
* November 14
** Walter Freeman (neurologist), Walter Freeman, American physician (d. 1972)
* November 15
** Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
** Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet, writer (d. 1976)
* November 16 – Paul Hindemith, German composer (d. 1963)
*
November 17
Events Pre-1600
* 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November.
* 1183 & ...
– Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher, literary scholar (d. 1975)
*
November 25
Events Pre-1600
*571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates the first of his three triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans.
*1034 – Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethó ...
** Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991)
** Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (d. 1986)
** Ludvík Svoboda, 8th President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1979)
* November 29
** Busby Berkeley, American film director, choreographer (d. 1976)
** William Tubman, 19th President of Liberia (d. 1971)
December
![King George VI LOC matpc](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/King_George_VI_LOC_matpc.14736_%28cleaned%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
* December 2 – Harriet Cohen, English pianist (d. 1967)
* December 3 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (d. 1970)
* December 5 – Mamerto Urriolagoitía, 43rd President of Bolivia (d. 1974)
* December 9
** Whina Cooper, New Zealand schoolteacher, historian, and activist (d. 1994)
** Dolores Ibárruri, Spanish republican leader (d. 1989)
*
December 11
Events Pre-1600
* 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty.
* 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor.
* 861 – Assassination of the Abba ...
** Kiyoto Kagawa, Japanese admiral (d. 1943)
** Leo Ornstein, Russian-American composer (d. 2002)
* December 14
** Paul Éluard, French poet (d. 1952)
** King George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952)
*
December 24
Events Pre-1600
* 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate.
* 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death.
* 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...
– Marguerite Williams, African-American geologist (d.1991?)
Date unknown
* Corneliu Carp, Romanian general (d. 1982)
* Husayn Al-Khalidi, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1966)
Deaths
January–June
![Morisot berthe photo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Morisot_berthe_photo.jpg)
* January 3 – Mary Torrans Lathrap, American temperance reformer (b. 1838)
* January 4 – William Loring (Royal Navy officer), William Loring, British admiral (b. 1811)
* January 9 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American watchmaker (b. 1812)
* January 10 – Benjamin Godard, French composer (b. 1849)
* January 19 – António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra, Portuguese magistrate and politician (b. 1798)
* January 24 – Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (b. 1849)
* January 25 – T. Muthuswamy Iyer, Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (b. 1832)
* January 26 – Arthur Cayley, British mathematician, (b. 1821)
* January 28 – François Certain de Canrobert, French general, Marshal of France (b. 1809)
*
February 9
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland.
*1539 – The first recorded race is held ...
– Ōdera Yasuzumi, Japanese general (killed in action) (b. 1846)
* February 10 – Liu Buchan, Chinese admiral (suicide) (b. 1852)
* February 12 – Ding Ruchang, Chinese army officer, admiral (killed in action) (b. 1836)
* February 18 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general (b. 1817)
*
February 20 – Frederick Douglass, American ex-slave and author (b. c.1818)
*
February 25 – Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare, politician (b. 1815)
* February 26 – Salvador de Itúrbide y Marzán, Prince of Mexico (b. 1849)
* March 2 – Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
*
March 3
Events Pre-1600
* 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan.
* 1575 & ...
– Geoffrey Hornby, British admiral (b. 1825)
* March 9 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer for whom the word masochism is named (b. 1836)
* March 10 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (b. 1825)
* March 13 – Louise Otto-Peters, German women's rights movement activist (b. 1819)
*
March 30
Events Pre-1600
* 598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro- Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.
*1282 &ndash ...
– Beauchamp Seymour, 1st Baron Alcester, Beauchamp Seymour, British admiral (b. 1821)
*
April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– Jorge Isaacs, Colombian writer, politician and explorer (b. 1837)
* April 25 – Emily Thornton Charles, American newspaper founder (b. 1845)
* May 19 – José Martí, Cuban independence leader (b. 1853)
* May 21 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (b. 1819)
* May 23 – Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (b. 1798)
* May 26 – Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. 1822)
* May 28 – Walter Q. Gresham, American politician (b. 1832)
* May 30 – Joseph Marello, Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1844)
* June 4 – Abu Bakar of Johor, Malaysian sultan (b. 1833)
* June 6 – Gustaf Nordenskiöld, Swedish explorer (b. 1868)
* June 13 – Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1833)
* June 27 – Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish feminist and magazine editor (b. 1823)
* June 29
** Thomas Henry Huxley, English evolutionary biologist (b. 1825)
** Green Clay Smith, American politician (b. 1826)
** Floriano Vieira Peixoto, 2nd president of
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
(b. 1839)
** Émile Munier, French artist (b. 1840)
July–December
![Louis Pasteur, foto av Paul Nadar, Crisco edit](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Louis_Pasteur%2C_foto_av_Paul_Nadar%2C_Crisco_edit.jpg)
* July 18 – Stefan Stambolov, 9th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (assassinated) (b. 1854)
* July 28 – Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803)
* July 29 – Floriano Peixoto, 2nd President of Brazil (b. 1839)
* August 4 – Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, Quebec journalist, politician (b. 1818)
* August 5 – Friedrich Engels, German communist philosopher (b. 1820)
* August 8 – Howell Edmunds Jackson, American Supreme Court Justice (b. 1832)
* August 22 – Luzon B. Morris, American politician (b. 1827)
* September 8 – Adam Opel, German founder of the automobile company Adam Opel AG (b. 1837)
* September 26 – Ephraim Wales Bull, American horticulturalist, creator of the Concord (grape), Concord grape (b. 1806)
* September 28 – Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist, chemist (b. 1822)
*
October 8
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
* 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
* 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger preven ...
–
Empress Myeongseong
Empress Myeongseong or Empress Myungsung (명성황후 민씨; 17 November 1851 – 8 October 1895In lunar calendar, the Empress was born on 25 September 1851 and died on 20 August 1895), informally known as Empress Min, was the official wife ...
(Queen Min), last Korean empress (assassinated) (b. 1851)
* October 13 - Franklin Leonard Pope, American engineer, explorer, and inventor (b. 1840)
* October 25 – Charles Hallé, Sir Charles Hallé, German-born pianist, conductor (b. 1819)
* October 27/October 28, 28 – Adele Spitzeder, German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (b. 1832)
*
November 5
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
*1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Bre ...
– Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa of Japan (b. 1847)
* November 23 – Mauritz de Haas, Dutch-American marine painter (b. 1832)
* November 24 – Ludwik Teichmann, Polish anatomist (b. 1823)
*
November 27
Events Pre-1600
*AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han.
* 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...
– Alexandre Dumas, fils, French novelist and playwright (b. 1824)
* December 12 – Allen G. Thurman, American politician (b. 1813)
* December 13 – Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (b. 1800)
* December 27 – Eivind Astrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer (b. 1871)
Date unknown
* Adelia Cleopatra Graves, American educator (b. 1821)
References
Sources
* ''Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1895: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry'' (1896); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. not online.
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1895,