In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late as 2888, which has 14 digits.

Events

January–March

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– The 91-centimeter telescope at

Lick Observatory The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by the University of California. It is on the summit of Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, United States. The observatory is managed by th ...

in California is first used. * January 12 – The Schoolhouse Blizzard hits Dakota Territory, the states of Montana, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas, leaving 235 dead, many of them children on their way home from school. *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

– The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. * January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union is founded by William Buckingham Curtis in the United States. * January 26 – The Lawn Tennis Association is founded in England. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

– Gillis Bildt becomes Prime Minister of Sweden (1888–1889). *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

– In West Orange, New Jersey, Thomas Edison meets with Eadweard Muybridge, who proposes a scheme for sound film. * March 8 – The Agriculture College of Utah (later Utah State University) is founded in

Logan, Utah Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, United States. The 2020 census recorded the population was 52,778. Logan is the county seat of Cache County and the principal city of the Logan metropolitan area, which includes Cache County and Franklin ...

. * March 9 – Wilhelm I dies, Frederick III becomes German Emperor and King of Prussia. * March 11 – The

Great Blizzard of 1888 The Great Blizzard of 1888, also known as the Great Blizzard of '88 or the Great White Hurricane (March 11–14, 1888), was one of the most severe recorded blizzards in American history. The storm paralyzed the East Coast from the Chesapeake Ba ...

begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400. * March 13 – De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. is founded in

Kimberley Kimberly or Kimberley may refer to: Places and historical events Australia * Kimberley (Western Australia) ** Roman Catholic Diocese of Kimberley * Kimberley Warm Springs, Tasmania * Kimberley, Tasmania a small town * County of Kimberley, a ...

. * March 15 – The Sikkim Expedition, a British military expedition to expel the Tibetans from northern Sikkim, begins. * March 16 – The foundation stone for a new National Library of Greece is laid in Athens. * March 20 – The first Romani language operetta premieres in Moscow, Russia. * March 23 – A meeting called by William McGregor, to discuss establishment of The Football League, is held in London. *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

– Opening of an international ''Congress for Women's Rights'' organized by Susan B. Anthony in Washington, D.C., leading to formation of the International Council of Women, a key event in the international women's movement.

April–June

* April 3 ** London prostitute

Emma Elizabeth Smith Emma Elizabeth Smith ( 1843 – 4 April 1888) was a prostitute and murder victim of mysterious origins in late-19th century London. Her killing was the first of the Whitechapel murders, and it is possible she was a victim of the serial killer kno ...

is brutally attacked by two or three men, dying of her injuries the following day, first of the Whitechapel murders, but probably not a victim of Jack the Ripper. ** The Brighton Beach Hotel in

Coney Island Coney Island is a peninsular neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn, Manhattan Beach to its east, L ...

(New York) is moved , using six steam

locomotive A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the Power (physics), motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, Motor coach (rail), motor ...

s, by

civil engineer A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing ...

B. C. Miller, to save it from ocean storms. * April 6 – The first

New Year's Day New Year's Day is a festival observed in most of the world on 1 January, the first day of the year in the modern Gregorian calendar. 1 January is also New Year's Day on the Julian calendar, but this is not the same day as the Gregorian one. Wh ...

is observed, of the

solar calendar A solar calendar is a calendar whose dates indicate the season or almost equivalently the apparent position of the Sun relative to the stars. The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar. T ...

adopted by Siamese King

Chulalongkorn Chulalongkorn ( th, จุฬาลงกรณ์, 20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910) was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, titled Rama V. He was known to the Siamese of his time as ''Phra Phuttha Chao Luang'' (พร� ...

, with the 106th anniversary of Bangkok's founding in 1782 as its epoch (reference date). * April 11 – The Concertgebouw orchestra in Amsterdam is inaugurated. * April 16 – The

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

annexes the island of

Nauru Nauru ( or ; na, Naoero), officially the Republic of Nauru ( na, Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country and microstate in Oceania, in the Central Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Ki ...

. * April 18 - Westminster School is founded in Simsbury, Connecticut *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

– The Texas State Capitol building, completed at a cost of $3 million, opens to the public in

Austin Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 11th-most-populous city ...

. * May 1 – Fort Belknap Indian Reservation is established by the United States Congress. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

– The

International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry was the first of 4 international exhibitions held in Glasgow, Scotland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It took place at Kelvingrove Park between May and November 1888. Th ...

in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow opens (continues to November). *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– Nippon Oil Corporation, predecessor of Eneos, a petroleum and gas energy brand in

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

, is founded in Niigata Prefecture. * May 12 – The North Borneo Chartered Company's territories (including Sabah) become the British protectorate of

North Borneo North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo) was a British Protectorate, British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, which is present day Sabah. The territory of North Borneo ...

. * May 13 – In Brazil, the '' Lei Áurea'' abolishes the last remnants of slavery. * May 26 – The comic novel '' The Diary of a Nobody'' by brothers George and Weedon Grossmith begins serialization in '' Punch'' (London). * May 28 – In Glasgow (Scotland), Celtic F.C. plays its first official match, winning 5–2 against Rangers F.C. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

– Hong Kong's

Peak Tram The Peak Tram is a funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. Running from Garden Road Admiralty to Victoria Peak via the Mid-Levels, it provides the most direct route and o ...

begins operation. * June 2 – Edward King (bishop of Lincoln) in England is called to account for using ritualistic practices in

Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of th ...

worship. * June 3 ** The Kingdom of Sedang is formed, in modern-day Vietnam. ** American writer

Ernest Thayer Ernest Lawrence Thayer (; August 14, 1863 – August 21, 1940) was an American writer and poet who wrote the poem "Casey" (or "Casey at the Bat"), which is "the single most famous baseball poem ever written" according to the Baseball Almanac, and ...

's baseball poem " Casey at the Bat" is first published (under the pen name "Phin") as the last of his humorous contributions to '' The San Francisco Examiner''. * June 14 – The White Rajahs territories become the British protectorate of Sarawak. * June 15 – Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor and King of Prussia; 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors. * June 19 – In Chicago, the Republican Convention opens at the Auditorium Building. Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton win the nominations for President and Vice President of the United States, respectively. * June 29 – Handel's '' Israel in Egypt'' is recorded onto wax cylinder at The Crystal Palace in London, the earliest known recording of classical music. * June 30 – The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom opens its laboratory, on Plymouth Hoe.

July–September

Jack-the-Ripper-The-Nemesis-of-Neglect-Punch-London-Charivari-cartoon-poem-1888-09-29

* July 2– 27 – London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the

Bryant and May Bryant & May was a British company created in the mid-19th century specifically to make matches. Their original Bryant & May Factory was located in Bow, London. They later opened other match factories in the United Kingdom and Australia, such ...

match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

by campaigning journalist

Annie Besant Annie Besant ( Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, freemason, women's rights activist, educationist, writer, orator, political party member and philanthropist. Regarded as a champion of human f ...

, and the workers unionise on July 27. * July 15 – According to

Japanese government The Government of Japan consists of legislative, executive and judiciary branches and is based on popular sovereignty. The Government runs under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan, adopted in 1947. It is a unitary state, c ...

official confirmed report, A large scale eruption and ash smoke hit around Mount Bandai area,

Fukushima Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture (; ja, 福島県, Fukushima-ken, ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Fukushima Prefecture has a population of 1,810,286 () and has a geographic area of . Fukushima Prefecture borders Miya ...

, Japan, more than 477 people were killed. * July 25 – Frank Edward McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah, purportedly the only person using touch typing at this time, wins a decisive victory over Louis Traub in a typing contest held in Cincinnati, Ohio. This date can be called the birthday of the touch typing method that is widely used in modern times. * August 1 – Carl Benz is issued with the world's first driving licence by the

Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden (german: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subs ...

. * August 5 – Bertha Benz arrives in Pforzheim having driven from Mannheim in a car manufactured by her husband Karl Benz, thus completing the first "long-distance" drive in the history of the automobile. * August 7 – Whitechapel murders: The body of London

prostitute Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment. The definition of "sexual activity" varies, and is often defined as an activity requiring physical contact (e.g., sexual intercourse, non-penet ...

Martha Tabram Martha Tabram (née White; 10 May 1849 – 7 August 1888) was an English woman killed in a spate of violent murders in and around the Whitechapel district of East London between 1888 and 1891. She may have been the first victim of the still-uni ...

is found, a possible victim of Jack the Ripper. * August 9 ** A fire destroys the Main Building, the heart of Wells College in Aurora, New York, causing a loss of $130,000. ** The Oaths Act permits the

oath of allegiance An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to a monarch or a country. In modern republics, oaths are sworn to the country in general, or to the country's constitution. For ...

taken to the Sovereign by Members of Parliament (MPs) to be affirmed, rather than sworn to God, thus confirming the ability of

atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...

s to sit in the

House of Commons of the United Kingdom The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 me ...

. * August 10 – Dr

Friedrich Hermann Wölfert Friedrich Hermann Wölfert (17 November 1850 in Riethnordhausen, Saxony-Anhalt, Riethnordhausen, Kreis Sangerhausen – 12 June 1897 in Berlin-Tempelhof, Tempelhof (in Berlin) was a German people, German publisher and aviation pioneer.#Schulz, S ...

’s motorised airship successfully completes the world’s first engine-driven flight, from Cannstatt to Kornwestheim in Germany. * August 13 – The Local Government Act, effective from

1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the ...

, establishes county councils and county borough councils in England and Wales, redraws some county boundaries, and gives women the vote in local elections. It also declares that "bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes, and other similar machines" be carriages within the meaning of the Highway Acts (which remains the case), and requires that they give audible warning when overtaking "any cart or carriage, or any horse, mule, or other beast of burden, or any foot passenger", a rule abolished in

1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...

. * August 20 – A mutiny at Dufile,

Equatoria Equatoria is a region of southern South Sudan, along the upper reaches of the White Nile. Originally a province of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, it also contained most of northern parts of present-day Uganda, including Lake Albert and West Nile. It ...

, results in the imprisonment of the

Emin Pasha 185px, Schnitzer in 1875 Mehmed Emin Pasha (born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer, baptized Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer; March 28, 1840 – October 23, 1892) was an Ottoman physician of German Jewish origin, naturalist, and governor of the Egyp ...

. * August 22 – Earlies
evidence
of a death and injury by a meteorite in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. * August 24 –The first trams in Tallinn ( Reval), horsecars, begin operation. * August 28 – The longest date in

Roman numerals Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, eac ...

(XXVIII-VIII-MDCCCLXXXVIII) occurs. * August 31 – Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Ann Nichols is found; she is considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper. * September 4 ** In the United States, George Eastman registers the trademark '' Kodak'', and receives a patent for his camera, which uses roll film. **

Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...

embarks on the S.S. ''Clyde'' from Bombay for London. * September 6 – Charles Turner becomes the first bowler in cricket to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J. T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times). * September 8 ** The Great Herding ( es, El Gran Arreo) begins with thousands of sheep beeng herded from the Argentine outpost of Fortín Conesa to Santa Cruz near the

Strait of Magellan The Strait of Magellan (), also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south. The strait is considered the most important natural pass ...

. ** Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Annie Chapman is found (considered to be the second victim of Jack the Ripper). ** In England, the first six

Football League The English Football League (EFL) is a league of professional football clubs from England and Wales. Founded in 1888 as the Football League, the league is the oldest such competition in the world. It was the top-level football league in Engla ...

matches are played. ** In a letter accepting renomination as President of the United States, Grover Cleveland declares the Chinese "impossible of assimilation with our people and dangerous to our peace and welfare". *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– Las Cruces College (later New Mexico State University) is founded in Las Cruces, New Mexico. * September 27 ** Whitechapel murders: The ' Dear Boss letter' signed " Jack the Ripper", the first time the name is used, is received by London's Central News Agency. ** Stanley Park is officially opened by Vancouver (B.C.) mayor

David Oppenheimer David Oppenheimer (January 1, 1834 – December 31, 1897) was a successful entrepreneur, the second mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a National Historic Person of Canada. Early life David Oppenheimer was born in Blieskastel, then in the ...

. * September 30 – Whitechapel murders: The bodies of London prostitutes Elizabeth Stride and

Catherine Eddowes Catherine Eddowes (14 April 1842 – 30 September 1888) was the fourth of the canonical five victims of the notorious unidentified serial killer known as Jack the Ripper, who is believed to have killed and mutilated a minimum of five women in ...

, the latter mutilated, are found. They are generally considered Jack the Ripper's third and fourth victims, respectively.

October–December

* October 1 – Sofia University officially opens, becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria. * October 2 – The Whitehall Mystery: Dismembered remains of a woman's body are discovered at three central London locations, one being the construction site of the police headquarters at New Scotland Yard. * October 9 – The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public in Washington, D.C. Washmem

* October 14 ** Louis Le Prince films the first motion picture: '' Roundhay Garden Scene'' in Roundhay, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, two seconds and 18 frames in length (followed by his movie '' Leeds Bridge''). ** Battle of Guté Dili: Seeking to extend Mahdist control over what is now southwestern Ethiopia, governor Khalil al-Khuzani is routed by an alliance of

Shewa Shewa ( am, ሸዋ; , om, Shawaa), formerly romanized as Shua, Shoa, Showa, Shuwa (''Scioà'' in Italian language, Italian), is a historical region of Ethiopia which was formerly an autonomous monarchy, kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire. The ...

n forces, under '' Ras'' Gobana Dacche and Moroda Bekere, ruler of Leqa Naqamte. Only a handful, including Khalil, barely manage to flee the battlefield. * October 25 – St Cuthbert's Society at the University of Durham in England is founded, after a general meeting chaired by the Reverend Hastings Rashdall. * October 30 – The Rudd Concession, a written

concession Concession may refer to: General * Concession (contract) (sometimes called a concession agreement), a contractual right to carry on a certain kind of business or activity in an area, such as to explore or develop its natural resources or to opera ...

for exclusive mining rights in Matabeleland,

Mashonaland Mashonaland is a region in northern Zimbabwe. Currently, Mashonaland is divided into four provinces, * Mashonaland West * Mashonaland Central * Mashonaland East * Harare The Zimbabwean capital of Harare, a province unto itself, lies entirely ...

and adjoining territories, is granted by King

Lobengula Lobengula Khumalo (c. 1845 – presumed January 1894) was the second and last official king of the Northern Ndebele people (historically called Matabele in English). Both names in the Ndebele language mean "the men of the long shields", a refere ...

of Matabeleland to Charles Rudd, James Rochfort Maguire and Francis Thompson, who are acting on behalf of South African-based politician and businessman

Cecil Rhodes Cecil John Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his Br ...

, providing a basis for white settlement of

Rhodesia Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of S ...

. * November 6 –

1888 United States presidential election The 1888 United States presidential election was the 26th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1888. Republican nominee Benjamin Harrison, a former Senator from Indiana, defeated incumbent Democratic President Grover C ...

: Democratic Party incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the popular vote, but loses the Electoral College vote to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison, therefore losing the election. * November 8 – Joseph Assheton Fincher files a patent in the United Kingdom for the parlour game which he calls " Tiddledy-Winks". *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...

– Whitechapel murders: The mutilated body of London prostitute Mary Jane Kelly is found. She is considered to be the fifth, and last, of Jack the Ripper's victims. A number of similar murders in England follow, but the police attribute them to copy-cat killers. * November 16 – First signs of famine in Ethiopia, caused by drought combined with early spread of the

1890s African rinderpest epizootic In the 1890s, an epizootic of the rinderpest virus struck Africa, considered to be "the most devastating epidemic to hit southern Africa in the late nineteenth century". It killed more than 5.2 million cattle south of the Zambezi, as well as domest ...

. * November 20 – The first

St V Saint V is the commonly used name for a holiday for freethinking university students in Brussels, Belgium, celebrating the founding of the Free University of Brussels. The day's long form (french: Saint-Verhaegen, nl, Sint-Verhaegen) differs in ...

parade by students is held in Brussels. * November 27 – International sorority Delta Delta Delta is founded at Boston University in the United States. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

– The celebration of Thanksgiving (United States) and the first day of Hanukkah coincide. * December 7 – John Boyd Dunlop patents the pneumatic bicycle tyre in the United Kingdom. * December 17 – The

Lyric Theatre (London) The Lyric Theatre is a West End theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue in the City of Westminster. It was built for the producer Henry Leslie, who financed it from the profits of the light opera hit, ''Dorothy'', which he transferred from its original ...

opens. * December 18 –

Richard Wetherill Richard Wetherill (1858–1910), a member of a Colorado ranching family, was an amateur archaeologist who discovered, researched and excavated sites associated with the Ancient Pueblo People. He is credited with the rediscovery of Cliff Palac ...

and his brother-in-law discover the Indian ruins of Mesa Verde in southwestern Colorado. * December 23 – During a bout of

mental illness A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

(and having quarreled with his friend Paul Gauguin), Dutch

painter Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...

Vincent van Gogh infamously cuts off the lower part of his own left ear, taking it to a brothel, and is removed to the local hospital in Arles.

Date unknown

* The dolphin Pelorus Jack is first sighted in Cook Strait, New Zealand. * The Camborne School of Mines is founded in Cornwall, England. * John Robert Gregg first publishes Gregg shorthand in the United States. * Rudyard Kipling's short story collection ''

Plain Tales from the Hills ''Plain Tales from the Hills'' (published 1888) is the first collection of short stories by Rudyard Kipling. Out of its 40 stories, "eight-and-twenty", according to Kipling's ''Preface'', were initially published in the ''Civil and Military Gaz ...

'' is published in Calcutta, India. * The Finnish epic '' Kalevala'' is published for the first time in the English language, by American linguist

John Martin Crawford John Martin Crawford (March 29, 1962 – December 16, 2020) was a Canadian serial killer. Crawford was convicted of killing four women in Saskatchewan and Alberta, between 1981 and 1992. Crimes Crawford was sentenced in 1981 to ten years' impri ...

. * The Baldwin School is founded in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, as "Miss lorenceBaldwin's School for Girls, Preparatory for Bryn Mawr College". * Chin Gee Hee starts the Quong Tuck Company to supply construction workers to North American railroads. * Global pharmaceutical and

health care Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health profe ...

brands are founded in the United States: ** G.D. Searle by Gideon Daniel Searle in Omaha, Nebraska. **

Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois, United States. The company was founded by Chicago physician Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888 to formulate known dr ...

as Abbott Alkaloidal by Dr. Wallace C. Abbott in Illinois. * Katz's Delicatessen is founded in the

Lower East Side The Lower East Side, sometimes abbreviated as LES, is a historic neighborhood in the southeastern part of Manhattan in New York City. It is located roughly between the Bowery and the East River from Canal to Houston streets. Traditionally an im ...

of Manhattan. * First British rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand.

Births

January–February

* January 1 – Victor Goldschmidt, Swiss geochemist (d.

1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Matt Moore, Irish-born actor (d.

1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

– Robert Henry English,

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

admiral (d.

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...

) * January 18 – Thomas Sopwith, English aviation pioneer, yachtsman (d.

1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...

) * January 19 – Millard Harmon, American general (d.

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

) * c.

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– Huddie William Ledbetter (

Lead Belly Huddie William Ledbetter (; January 20, 1888 – December 6, 1949), better known by the stage name Lead Belly, was an American folk music, folk and blues singer notable for his strong vocals, Virtuoso, virtuosity on the twelve-string guita ...

), American folk,

blues Blues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the Afr ...

singer (d.

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

– Carlos Quintanilla , 37th President of Bolivia (d.

1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...

) * January 23 – Aritomo Gotō, Japanese admiral (d.

1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...

) * January 24 ** Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d.

) ** Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d.

1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...

) * January 29 – Wellington Koo, Chinese statesman (d.

1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

– Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (d.

1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 **Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...

) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Bruce Fraser, British admiral (d.

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensiv ...

) * February 8 –

Edith Evans Dame Edith Mary Evans, (8 February 1888 – 14 October 1976) was an English actress. She was best known for her work on the stage, but also appeared in films at the beginning and towards the end of her career. Between 1964 and 1968, she was no ...

, British actress (d.

1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

– Georgios Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d.

1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...

) *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

–

Chandrashekhar Agashe Chandrashekhar Govind Agashe ( mr, चंद्रशेखर आगाशे; IAST: Candraśekhara Āgāśe; 14 February 1888 — 9 June 1956) was an Indian industrialist and lawyer, best remembered as the founder of the Brihan Maharashtra S ...

, Indian industrialist (d.

1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

– Otto Stern, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

Adelina Domingues American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of the United States who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. , the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of 782 American supercentenarians. As of , it li ...

, World's oldest person American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1888 (d.

2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...

) ** Tom Phillips, British admiral (d.

1941 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...

) **

Aurora Quezon Aurora Antonia Quezon ( Aragón y Molina; February 19, 1888 – April 28, 1949) was the wife of Philippine President Manuel Luis Quezon and the First Lady of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. Although she is recognized as the second First Lady ...

, First Lady of the Philippines (d.

) ** José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (d.

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...

) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

– Georges Bernanos, French writer (d.

1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

–

John Foster Dulles John Foster Dulles (, ; February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and Republican Party politician. He served as United States Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959 and was briefly ...

, United States Secretary of State (d.

1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...

) *

** Lotte Lehmann, German singer (d.

) ** Arthur Schlesinger, Sr., American historian (d.

1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...

)

March–April

* March 1 – Ewart Astill, English cricketer (Leicestershire) (d.

) * March 4 –

Knute Rockne Knut (Norwegian and Swedish), Knud (Danish), or Knútur (Icelandic) is a Scandinavian, German, and Dutch first name, of which the anglicised form is Canute. In Germany both "Knut" and "Knud" are used. In Spanish and Portuguese Canuto is used whi ...

, American football player, coach (d.

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

William L. Laurence William Leonard Laurence (March 7, 1888 – March 19, 1977) was a Jewish American science journalist best known for his work at ''The New York Times''. Born in the Russian Empire, he won two Pulitzer Prizes. As the official historian of the Ma ...

, American journalist (d.

1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...

) ** Claude Roger-Marx, French writer (d.

) * March 10 **

Barry Fitzgerald William Joseph Shields (10 March 1888 – 14 January 1961), known professionally as Barry Fitzgerald, was an Irish stage, film and television actor. In a career spanning almost forty years, he appeared in such notable films as ''Bringing Up Ba ...

, Irish actor (d.

1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...

) ** Ilo Wallace, Second Lady of the United States (d.

) * March 16 – Anton Köllisch, German chemist noted for synthesising MDMA (d.

1916 Events Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that had been stored and cooled. * ...

) * March 17 – Paul Ramadier, Prime Minister of France (d.

) * March 26 – Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse (d.

) * March 28 – Léon Noël, French diplomat, politician and historian (d.

1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, k ...

) * March 29 **

Enea Bossi, Sr. Enea Bossi Sr. (March 29, 1888January 9, 1963) was an Italian-American aerospace engineer and aviation pioneer. He is best known for designing the Budd BB-1 ''Pioneer'', the first stainless steel aircraft; and the ''Pedaliante'' airplane, disp ...

, Italian-born American aerospace engineer, aviation pioneer (d.

1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cov ...

) **

James E. Casey James E. Casey (March 29, 1888 – June 6, 1983) was an American businessman, known for being the founder of the ''American Messenger Company'', today known as UPS. In 1907, 19-year-old James Casey founded the American Messenger Company in Se ...

, American founder of the United Parcel Service (d.

1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...

) * March 30 – Anna Q. Nilsson, Swedish-American silent film star (d.

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...

) * April 1 – Terry de la Mesa Allen, Sr., American general (d.

) * April 2 – Sir Neville Cardus, British cricket, music writer (d.

1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...

) * April 3 – Thomas C. Kinkaid, American admiral (d.

1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...

) *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

** Tris Speaker, American professional baseball player, member of the Baseball Hall of Fame (d.

) **

Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr. Zdzisław may refer to: People * Zdzisław (given name), a Slavic male given name Places * Zdzisław, Lubusz Voivodeship Zdzisław (german: Unruhsau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Babimost, within Zielona Góra County, L ...

, Polish literary historian (d.

) * April 6 ** Hans Richter, German filmmaker (d.

) ** Gerhard Ritter, German historian (d.

1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...

) * April 12 – Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, 28th president of Ecuador (d.

1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...

) * April 18 – Duffy Lewis, American Major League Baseball player (d.

1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...

) * April 26 – Anita Loos, American writer (d.

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d.

1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...

)

May–June

– Maurice Boyau, French World War I fighter ace (d.

1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...

) * May 9 – Francesco Baracca, Italian World War I fighter ace (d.

) *

– Max Steiner, Austrian-American composer (d.

1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses ( February 25, July 22 and August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 10, and August 6). The world population increased by 2.1% this year, the highest increase in history. Events Ja ...

) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

** Irving Berlin, American composer (d.

) ** Willis Augustus Lee, American admiral (d.

) * May 13 – Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist, geophysicist (d.

1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...

) * May 17 – Tich Freeman, English cricketer (d.

) * May 18 – William Hood Simpson, American general (d.

1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. * January 9 – ...

) * May 23 – Zack Wheat, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d.

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– Stanley Sylvester Alexander Watkins, English talking pictures pioneer * May 25 ** Harukichi Hyakutake, Japanese general (d.

) ** Miles Malleson, English actor (d.

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Louis Durey Louis Edmond Durey (; 27 May 18883 July 1979)Randel, Don Michael (1996)The Harvard biographical dictionary of music, p. 232. Harvard University Press. . was a French composer. Life Louis Durey was born in Paris, the son of a local businessman. It ...

, French composer (d.

) * May 28 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Prime Minister of Estonia (d.

) * May 31 – Jack Holt, American actor (d.

1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the United ...

) * June – David Dougal Williams, English-born painter and art teacher working in Scotland (d.

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...

) * June 3 – Tom Brown, American jazz musician (d.

) *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

– Armand Annet, French colonial official (d.

1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. ...

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

– Pete Wendling, American composer, pianist and piano roll recording artist (d.

) * June 9 – Ida Rentoul Outhwaite, Australian illustrator (d.

) * June 13 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese writer (d.

1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935, an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * ...

) * June 16 –

Peter Stoner Peter Stoner (June 16, 1888 – March 21, 1980) was a Christian writer and Chairman of the departments of mathematics and astronomy at Pasadena City College until 1953; Chairman of the science division, Westmont College, 1953–57; Professor Emer ...

, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (d.

) * June 17 – Heinz Guderian, German general (d.

1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...

) *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

– Cecil King, New Zealand rugby league footballer (d.

) * June 22 ** Milton Allen, Governor of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (d.

) ** Harold Hitz Burton, American politician,

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is any member of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight, as set by the Judiciary Act of 18 ...

(d.

) *

– F. Ryan Duffy, American judge and politician (d.

) * June 24 **

Boshirō Hosogaya was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Biography Hosogaya was born to a farming family in Nozawa, Nagano prefecture in 1888. He graduated from the 36th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1908. He was ranked ...

, Japanese admiral (d.

) ** Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect (d.

) * June 27 – Antoinette Perry, New York stage director for whom the Tony Award is named (d.

1946 Events January * January 6 - The 1946 North Vietnamese parliamentary election, first general election ever in Vietnam is held. * January 7 – The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into f ...

) * June 29 – Joseph 'Squizzy' Taylor, Australian underworld figure (d.

1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 * ...

)

July–August

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

– Ioan Glogojeanu, Romanian general (d.

) * July 5 –

Herbert Spencer Gasser Herbert Spencer Gasser (July 5, 1888 – May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers while on the faculty of Washington Unive ...

, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– John R. Sinnock, 8th Chief Engraver of the United States Mint (d.

) *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– Wang Yun-wu, Chinese scholar of history and political science (d.

) * July 10 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (d.

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd go ...

) * July 16 ** Percy Kilbride, American actor (d.

) ** Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...

) * July 17 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...

) * July 20 – Geneve L. A. Shaffer, American realtor, lecturer and author (d.

) * July 22 ** Kirk Bryan, American geologist (d.

1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 cr ...

) ** Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.

) * July 23 –

Raymond Chandler Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American-British novelist and screenwriter. In 1932, at the age of forty-four, Chandler became a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive durin ...

, American-born novelist (d.

) * July 25 – Wilhelm Fritz von Roettig, German Waffen SS general (d.

1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...

) * August 4 –

Syedna Taher Saifuddin Taher Saifuddin (4 August 1888 – 12 November 1965), also known as Tahir Sayf al-Din, was the 51st and longest serving Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. Saifuddin adapted the modernisation in Western and European ideas, and establishe ...

, Indian Bohra spiritual leader (d.

) *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

** Stephen Galatti, American Field Service director (d.

) ** Heinrich Schlusnus, German baritone (d.

) * August 8 ** Shōjirō Iida, Japanese general (d.

) ** Harold Page, Australian military officer (d.

) ** César Vezzani, French opera singer (d.

) * August 9 –

Eduard Ritter von Schleich Eduard-Maria Joseph Ritter von Schleich (9 August 1888 – 15 November 1947), born Schleich, was a high scoring Bavarian flying ace of the First World War. He was credited with 35 aerial victories at the end of the war. During the Second World ...

, German fighter ace, air force general (d.

) * August 13 ** John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor (d.

) ** Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (d.

) *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

** Armand J. Piron, American jazz musician (d.

) ** T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt, writer and academic (d.

) * August 17 –

Monty Woolley Edgar Montilion "Monty" Woolley (August 17, 1888May 6, 1963) was an American film and theater actor.Obituary ''Variety'', May 8, 1963, page 223. At the age of 50, he achieved a measure of stardom for his role in the 1939 stage play ''The Man Wh ...

, American actor (d.

) * August 20 – Tôn Đức Thắng, 2nd president of Vietnam (d.

) * August 25 – Allama Mashriqi, Pakistani scholar, politician (d.

) * August 26 –

Gustavo R. Vincenti Gustavo Romeo Vincenti (26 August 1888 – 25 April 1974) was a Maltese architect and developer. Born into a wealthy and business oriented family in Valletta and Floriana, he was able to purchase land and design and build buildings which he woul ...

, Maltese architect and developer (d.

) * August 28 –

Evadne Price Evadne Price (28 August 1888 – 17 April 1985), probably born Eva Grace Price, was an Australian-British writer, actress, astrologer and media personality. She also wrote under the pseudonym Helen Zenna Smith. She is now best remembered fo ...

, Australian-British writer, actress and astrologer (d.

) * August 29 ** Gunichi Mikawa, Japanese admiral (d.

) ** Dina Romano, Italian stage and film actress (d.

1957 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 957th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 20th century, and the 8th y ...

)

September–October

Thomas Stearns Eliot by Lady Ottoline Morrell (1934)

* September 4 – Margaret Henley, J. M. Barrie's inspiration for the name "Wendy" in ''Peter Pan'' (d.

1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...

) * September 5 – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Indian philosopher, politician and 2nd President of India (d.

) * September 6 ** Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American politician (d.

) ** Zeng Junchen, Chinese drug baron (d.

) * September 12 –

Maurice Chevalier Maurice Auguste Chevalier (; 12 September 1888 – 1 January 1972) was a French singer, actor and entertainer. He is perhaps best known for his signature songs, including " Livin' In The Sunlight", " Valentine", "Louise", " Mimi", and "Thank Hea ...

, French singer and actor (d.

) * September 14 – Thakur Anukulchandra, Indian social reformer and philanthropist (d.

) * September 16 ** Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) **

W. O. Bentley Walter Owen Bentley, MBE (16 September 1888 – 13 August 1971) was an English engineer who founded Bentley Motors Limited in London. He was a motorcycle and car racer as a young man. After making a name for himself as a designer of aircraft an ...

, English engineer, entrepreneur (d.

) *

–

Michiyo Tsujimura was a Japanese agricultural scientist and biochemist whose research focused on the components of green tea. She was the first woman in Japan to receive a doctoral degree in agriculture. Early life Tsujimura was born in 1888 in what is now Ok ...

, Japanese agricultural scientist (d.

) * September 18 – Grey Owl, British impostor, writer (d.

1938 Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...

) * September 20 – John Painter, American supercentenarian, world's oldest man between 1999 and 2001 (d.

2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...

) * September 26 **

J. Frank Dobie James Frank Dobie (September 26, 1888 – September 18, 1964) was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for his many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open rang ...

, American folklorist, journalist (d.

) **

T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot (26 September 18884 January 1965) was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor.Bush, Ronald. "T. S. Eliot's Life and Career", in John A Garraty and Mark C. Carnes (eds), ''American National Biogr ...

, British (American-born) poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) * September 28 –

Seán Lester Seán Lester (28 September 1888 – 13 June 1959) was an Irish diplomat who was the last secretary-general of the League of Nations from 31 August 1940 to 18 April 1946. Early life He was born in County Antrim, the son of a Protestant grocer. A ...

, Irish diplomat (d.

) * October 3 – Claud Allister, English actor (d.

) * October 4 ** Lucy Tayiah Eads, Kaw tribal chief (d.

) ** Friedrich Olbricht, German general (d.

) * October 6 – Roland Garros, French pilot (killed in action

) * October 7 –

Henry A. Wallace Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 – November 18, 1965) was an American politician, journalist, farmer, and businessman who served as the 33rd vice president of the United States, the 11th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, and the 10th U.S. S ...

, 33rd Vice President of the United States (d.

) * October 8 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist (d.

) * October 9 –

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин) ( – 15 March 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, Marxist philosopher and economist and prolific author on revolutionary theory. ...

, Russian Bolshevik and Soviet politician (d.

) * October 14 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand fiction writer (d.

1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, t ...

) * October 16 **

Radu Băldescu Radu Băldescu (16 October 1888 – 2 December 1953) was a Romanian major general during World War II. Biography Băldescu was born on 16 October 1888, at Mihăileștii de Sus, a village that now belongs to Scornicești, Olt County, Romania, ...

, Romanian general (d.

1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito i ...

) ** Eugene O'Neill, American playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) ** Paul Popenoe, American eugenicist (d.

) ** Mikhail Kaganovich, Soviet politician (d.

) * October 17 –

Paul Bernays Paul Isaac Bernays (17 October 1888 – 18 September 1977) was a Swiss mathematician who made significant contributions to mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, and the philosophy of mathematics. He was an assistant and close collaborator of ...

, Swiss mathematician (d.

) * October 19 –

Venkatarama Ramalingam Pillai Venkatarama Ramalingam, or V. Ramalingam Pillai (19 October 1888 – 24 August 1972),Tamil poet (d.

) * October 20 **

Emanoil Bârzotescu Emanoil Bârzotescu (20 October 1888 – 3 July 1968) was a Romanian major general during World War II. Bârzotescu was born in Micești village, in what was then Muscel County (now Argeș County), in southern central Romania. As a young offi ...

, Romanian general (d.

) **

Sadayoshi Tanabe These are lists of the 100 known verified oldest people sorted in descending order by age in years and days. The oldest person ever whose age has been independently verified is Jeanne Calment (1875–1997) of France, who lived to the age of 12 ...

, Japanese academic, bibliographer (d.

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

) * October 24 – Carlo Bergamini, Italian admiral (d.

) * October 25 –

Lester Cuneo Lester H. Cuneo (October 25, 1888 – November 1, 1925) was an American stage and silent film actor. He began acting in live theatre while still in his teens. Early years Born in Chicago, Illinois, Cuneo attended Culver Military Academy and wa ...

, American actor (d.

1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italia ...

) * October 28 –

Dumitru Carlaonț Dumitru Carlaonț (28 October 1888 – 2 July 1970) was a Romanian major-general during World War II, who is known for being imprisoned and acquitted for war crimes three times. He was the younger brother of General Ioan Carlaonț. Born in Slivil ...

, Romanian general (d.

) * October 30 –

Alan Goodrich Kirk Admiral (United States), Admiral Alan Goodrich Kirk (October 30, 1888 – October 15, 1963) was a senior officer in the United States Navy and a diplomat. Biography He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1909 and served in the Unite ...

, American admiral (d.

) * October 31 – Hubert Wilkins, Australian explorer of the Arctic (d.

)

November–December

* November 1 **

George Kenner George Kenner (1 November 1888 – 10 July 1971) was a German artist. He made 110 paintings and drawings during the First World War while interned as a German civilian internee in Great Britain and the Isle of Man. Birth and background Kenner ...

, German artist, made 110 paintings and drawings during World War I while interned as a prisoner of war (d.

) ** Michał Sopoćko, Polish-Lithuanian saint, the ''Apostle of Divine Mercy'' (d.

) **

Viliami Tungī Mailefihi Viliami Tungī Mailefihi (1 November 1888 – 20 July 1941) was a Tongan high chieftain and Prince Consort of Queen Sālote Tupou III. He served as Prime Minister of Tonga from 1923 until his death in 1941. Biography Prince Tungi was the son ...

, 7th Premier of Tonga (d.

) * November 7 ** Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarcho-communist revolutionary (d.

1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...

) ** Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, Indian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) *

–

Jean Monnet Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (; 9 November 1888 – 16 March 1979) was a French civil servant, entrepreneur, diplomat, financier, administrator, and political visionary. An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered one of the ...

, French political economist, diplomat and a founding father of the European Union (d.

) * November 13 – Philip Francis Nowlan, American science fiction writer, creator of the Buck Rogers character (d.

1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...

) * November 14 –

Andreas Malandrinos Andreas Malandrinos ( el, Ανδρέας Μαλανδρίνος; 14 November 1888, in Greece – 11 July 1970, in Surrey) was a Greek-born actor who started appearing in British films from 1930, until his death 40 years later in Surrey, England ...

, Greek actor, (d.

) * November 15 ** José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban World chess champion (1921–1927) (d.

) ** Harald Sverdrup, Norwegian scientist (d.

) * November 16 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan composer and musician (d.

) * November 23 – Harpo Marx, American comedian (d.

) * November 26 – Francisco Canaro, Uruguayan-born violinist, composer (d.

) * November 24 ** Dale Carnegie, American writer, lecturer (d.

1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yijian ...

) ** Cathleen Nesbitt, British actress (d.

1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...

) * November 28 –

Edgar Church Edgar Church (November 28, 1888 – 1978) was a comics collector and artist who worked independently and eventually for the telephone company in Colorado illustrating commercial telephone book advertisements, precursors to Yellow Pages adve ...

, American comic book collector (d.

) *

–

Oswald Rayner Oswald Rayner (29 November 1888, in Smethwick, Staffordshire, England – 6 March 1961, in Botley, Oxfordshire, England)England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966 was a British Secret Intelli ...

, British MI6 agent (d.

) * November 30 – Ralph Hartley, American electronics researcher, inventor (d.

) * December 3 – Rabbi Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, Polish-born Chief Rabbi of Ireland and Israel (d.

) * December 4 ** King Alexander of Yugoslavia (d.

) **

Donald B. Beary Donald Bradford Beary (4 December 1888 – 7 March 1966) was a vice admiral of the United States Navy. His career included service in both World War I and World War II and a tour as President of the Naval War College. He commanded a wide vari ...

, American admiral (d.

) * December 6 – Will Hay, British actor, comedian (d.

) * December 7 ** Joyce Cary, Northern Irish author (d.

) ** Jinichi Kusaka, Japanese admiral (d.

) * December 16 – Alphonse Juin, French general, Marshal of France (d.

) * December 18 ** Dame

Gladys Cooper Dame Gladys Constance Cooper, (18 December 1888 – 17 November 1971) was an English actress, theatrical manager and producer, whose career spanned seven decades on stage, in films and on television. Beginning as a teenager in Edwardian musi ...

, English actress (d.

) **

Robert Moses Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 – July 29, 1981) was an American urban planner and public official who worked in the New York metropolitan area during the early to mid 20th century. Despite never being elected to any office, Moses is regarded ...

, American civil engineer, public works director, highway and bridge builder (d.

) * December 19 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (d.

) * December 20 –

Yitzhak Baer Yitzhak Baer ( he, יצחק בער; 20 December 1888 – 22 January 1980) was a German-Israeli historian and an expert on medieval Spanish Jewish history. Early life Baer was born in Halberstadt in the Prussian Province of Saxony, German Empire, ...

, German-born Israeli historian (d.

) * December 22 – Theodore Stark Wilkinson, American admiral (d.

) * December 26 –

Marius Canard Marius Canard FBA ( Dracy-Saint-Loup, 26 December 1888 – Duingt, Haute-Savoie, 13 September 1982) was a French Orientalist and historian. Biography He was born in a small village in the region of Morvan, where his father was a school teacher ...

, French orientalist (d.

) * December 28 – F. W. Murnau, German film director (d.

)

Date unknown

Mariano Andreu Mariano Andreu (1888–1976) was a Spanish painter, drawer, enamelling master, sculptor, and stage designer. He was born in Mataró in 1888 and lived his early childhood above the Teatro Circo Barcelonés in the Calle Montserrat. Early on he ...

, Spanish painter (d.

) *

Tudorancea Ciurea Tudoranca Ciurea (9 July 1888–24 February 1971) was a Romanian Land Forces brigadier general during World War II. He advanced in rank to lieutenant colonel in 1932, and to colonel in 1937. In June 1940 he was awarded the Order of the Sta ...

, Romanian general (d.

) *

Traian Cocorăscu Traian Cocorăscu (15 February 1888 – 11 October 1970) was a Romanian brigadier-general during World War II. He was born in Ostrov, Constanța County, and attended the Infantry and Cavalry Military School from 1907 to 1909, graduating with ...

, Romanian general (d.

) *

Nicolae Costescu Nicolae Costescu (5 February 1888 – 10 December 1963) was a Romanian brigadier general during World War II. After Romania entered World War I in 1916, he fought in the Romanian Campaign The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first tw ...

, Romanian general (d.

) * Ibrahim Hashem, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d.

) * Virginia Pereira Álvarez, first Venezuelan woman to study medicine in Venezuela (d.

)

Deaths

January–June

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

–

Golam Ali Chowdhury Mia Golam Ali Chowdhury Sahib ( bn, মিঞা গোলাম আলী চৌধুরী সাহেব; 1824 – 7 January 1888), also known as Chowdhuri Golam Ali ( bn, চৌধুরী গোলাম আলী), was a 19th-century Ben ...

, Bengali landlord and philanthropist (b.

1824 May 7: The almost completely deaf Beethoven premieres his Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) , Ninth Symphony Events January–March * January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society, ...

) * January 19 – Anton de Bary, German biologist (b.

1831 Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto establ ...

) *

–

William Pitt Ballinger William Pitt Ballinger (September 25, 1825 – January 20, 1888) was a Texas lawyer and statesman. He had a significant impact on the development of Texas realty and railroad law. He originally supported the Confederacy during the Civil War. H ...

, Texas lawyer, southern statesman (b.

1825 Events January–March * January 4 – King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies dies in Naples and is succeeded by his son, Francis. * February 3 – Vendsyssel-Thy, once part of the Jutland peninsula forming westernmost Denmark, becomes a ...

) * January 29 –

Edward Lear Edward Lear (12 May 1812 – 29 January 1888) was an English artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, who is known mostly for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limerick (poetry), limericks, a form he popularised. ...

, British artist, writer (b.

1812 Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of ...

) * January 31 – John Bosco, Italian priest, youth worker, educator and founder of the

Salesian Society The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in the late 19th century by Italian priest Saint John Bosco to help poor children ...

(b.

1815 Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussi ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– Sir Henry Maine, British jurist (b.

1822 Events January–March * January 1 – The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus. *January 3 - The famous French explorer, Aimé Bonpland, is made prisoner in Paraguay accused of being a spy. ...

) *

– Anton Mauve, Dutch painter (b.

1838 Events January–March * January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London. * January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...

) * February 22 – Anna Kingsford, British women's rights activist (b.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– Seth Kinman, American hunter, settler (b.

) * March 6 **

Louisa May Alcott Louisa May Alcott (; November 29, 1832March 6, 1888) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet best known as the author of the novel ''Little Women'' (1868) and its sequels ''Little Men'' (1871) and ''Jo's Boys'' (1886). Raised in ...

, American novelist (b.

1832 Events January–March * January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. * January 13 – The Christmas Rebellion of slaves is brought to an end in Jamaica, after the island's white plan ...

) ** Josif Pančić, Serbian botanist (b.

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garrison s ...

) * March 9 – William I, German Emperor, King of Prussia (b. 1797) * March 12 – Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (b. 1813) * March 16 – Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman (b. 1801) * March 23 – Morrison Waite, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1816) * March 27 – Francesco Faà di Bruno, Italian mathematician (b.

) * March 29 – Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer, pianist (b. 1813) *

–

, Whitechapel Murders victim (b. 1843) * April 14 – Emil Czyrniański, Polish chemist (b.

) * April 15 – Matthew Arnold, English poet (b.

) * April 17 – Ephraim George Squier, American archaeologist, newspaper editor (b. 1821) * April 19 – Thomas Russell Crampton, English engineer (b. 1816) *

– Frederick Miller, German-born American brewer and businessman (b.

) * May 15 – Edwin Hamilton Davis, American archaeologist, physician (b. 1811) * May 19 – Julius Rockwell, United States politician (b. 1805) * May 26 – Ascanio Sobrero, Italian chemist (b.

) * June 7 – Edmond Le Bœuf, French general, Marshal of France (b. 1809) * June 8 – Duncan Cameron (British Army officer), Sir Duncan Cameron, British army general (b. 1808) * June 15 – Frederick III, German Emperor, King of Prussia (b.

) *

– Edmund Gurney, British psychologist (b. 1847)

July–December

– Maiden of Ludmir, Jewish religious leader (b. 1805) * July 4 – Theodor Storm, German writer (b. 1817) *

– Johannes Henricus Brand, Jan Brand, 4th president of the Orange Free State (b. 1823) * July 20 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist, biologist (b. 1847) * August 5 – Philip Sheridan, American general (b.

) * August 7 –

, possible first victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1849) * August 9 – Charles Cros, French poet (b. 1842) *

– John Pemberton, American pharmacist, founder of Coca-Cola (b.

) * August 20 – Henry Richard, Welsh peace campaigner (b.

) * August 23 – Philip Henry Gosse, British scientist (b. 1810) * August 24 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist, contributor to thermodynamics (b.

) * August 31 – Mary Ann Nichols, first confirmed victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1845) * September 6 – John Lester Wallack, American theater impresario (b. 1820) * September 8 – Annie Chapman, victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1841) * September 11 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentine politician, writer, and father of education (b. 1811) * September 23 – François Achille Bazaine, French general (b. 1811) * September 24 – Karl von Prantl, German philosopher (b. 1820) * September 30 **

, victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1842) ** Elizabeth Stride, victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1843) * October 16 ** Horatio Spafford, American author of the hymn ''It Is Well With My Soul'' (b. 1828) ** John Wentworth (Illinois politician), John Wentworth, Mayor of Chicago (b.

) *October 26 - William Thomas Hamilton, American politician (b. 1820) * November 1 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (b. 1839) *

– Mary Jane Kelly, fifth and final confirmed victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1863) * November 10 – George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British army officer and aristocrat (b. 1800) * November 11 – Pedro Ñancúpel, Chilean pirate active in the fjords and channels of Chile, fjords and channels of Patagonia. He was executed. * November 17 – Dora d'Istria, Romanian/Albanian writer and nationalist (b. 1828) * November 24 – Cicero Price, American commodore (b. 1805) * December 2 – Namık Kemal, Turkish people, Turkish patriotic poet, social reformer (b. 1840) * December 3 – Carl Zeiss, German optician, founder of ''Carl Zeiss AG'' (b. 1816) * December 10 – William E. Le Roy, American admiral (b. 1818) * December 20 – Whitechapel murders#Rose Mylett, Rose Mylett, Whitechapel murders victim (b. 1859) * December 24 – Mikhail Loris-Melikov, Russian statesman, general (b. 1826) * December 31 ** Samson Raphael Hirsch, German rabbi (b. 1808) ** John Westcott (politician), John Westcott, American surveyor and politician (b. 1807)

Date unknown

Caroline Howard Gilman by John Wesley Jarvis circa 1820

* Caroline Howard Gilman, American author (b. 1794)

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

January–February

March–April

May–June

July–August

September–October

November–December

Date unknown

Deaths

January–June

July–December

Date unknown

References

Bibliography

Further reading and year books