1885 Nepal Coup D'état
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January

*
January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
4Sino-French WarBattle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
. *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
Mahdist War in
Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...
Battle of Abu Klea: British troops defeat Mahdist forces. *
January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli ...
– American inventor LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster. *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...
– Irish rebels damage Westminster Hall and the
Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic citadel and castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamle ...
with dynamite. *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...
Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to
Mahdi The Mahdi () is a figure in Islamic eschatology who is believed to appear at the Eschatology, End of Times to rid the world of evil and injustice. He is said to be a descendant of Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad, and will appear shortly before Jesu ...
Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum; British commander
Charles George Gordon Major-general (United Kingdom), Major-General Charles George Gordon Companion of the Order of the Bath, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, Gordon of Khartoum and General Gordon , was a British ...
is killed.


February

*
February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...
– King
Leopold II of Belgium Leopold II (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was the second king of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909, and the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908. Born in Brussels as the second but eldest-surviving son of King Leo ...
establishes the
Congo Free State The Congo Free State, also known as the Independent State of the Congo (), was a large Sovereign state, state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908. It was privately owned by Leopold II of Belgium, King Leopold II, the const ...
, as a personal possession. *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
– The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii. *
February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...
Charles Dow Charles Henry Dow (; November 6, 1851 – December 4, 1902) was an American journalist who co-founded Dow Jones & Company with Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser. Dow also co-founded ''The Wall Street Journal'', which has become one of th ...
publishes the first edition of the
Dow Jones Industrial Average The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity indice ...
. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and represents the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries. *
February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...
– The Richmond Football Club is officially formed at the Royal Hotel in the
Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...
suburb of Richmond, Victoria. *
February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...
– United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the
Washington Monument The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father of the United States, victorious commander-in-chief of the Continen ...
. *
February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...
** Sino-French WarBattle of Đồng Đăng: France gains an important victory over China, in the Tonkin region of modern-day Vietnam. ** An English executioner fails after several attempts to hang John Babbacombe Lee, sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse; Lee's sentence is commuted to life imprisonment. *
February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...
– The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade, in the ''
scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa was the invasion, conquest, and colonialism, colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of ...
''. *
February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...
– February concludes without having a full moon.


March

*
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...
– A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York. *
March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
– The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded. *
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera '' The Mikado'' opens, at the Savoy Theatre in London. *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...
**
Prussian deportations The Prussian deportations, also known as the Prussian expulsions of Poles (; ), were the mass expulsions of Polish people, Poles from Prussia between 1885 and 1890. More than 30,000 Poles who had immigrated to Prussia from the Polish regions of t ...
: The
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
n government, motivated by
Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as ...
, expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia. ** The North-West Rebellion in Canada by the Métis people, led by Louis Riel, begins with the Battle of Duck Lake. ** First legal
cremation Cremation is a method of Disposal of human corpses, final disposition of a corpse through Combustion, burning. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite and as an alternative to burial. In some countries, including India, Nepal, and ...
in England: widowed painter Jeanette Pickersgill of London, "well known in literary and scientific circles", is cremated by the Cremation Society at
Woking Woking ( ) is a town and borough status in the United Kingdom, borough in north-west Surrey, England, around from central London. It appears in Domesday Book as ''Wochinges'', and its name probably derives from that of a Anglo-Saxon settleme ...
,
Surrey Surrey () is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Greater London to the northeast, Kent to the east, East Sussex, East and West Sussex to the south, and Hampshire and Berkshire to the wes ...
. * March 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident, which nearly gives rise to war between the
British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...
and
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
. * March 31 – The United Kingdom establishes the
Bechuanaland Protectorate The Bechuanaland Protectorate () was a British protectorate, protectorate established on 31 March 1885 in Southern Africa by the United Kingdom. It became the Botswana, Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966. History Scottish missionary ...
.


April

*
April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
Frog Lake Massacre:
Cree The Cree, or nehinaw (, ), are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people, numbering more than 350,000 in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada, First Nations. They live prim ...
warriors led by Wandering Spirit kill 9 settlers at Frog Lake in the
Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories is a federal Provinces and territories of Canada, territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately and a 2021 census population of 41,070, it is the second-largest and the most populous of Provinces and territorie ...
. * April 3
Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fue ...
is granted a German patent, for his single-cylinder, water-cooled
engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ...
design. * April 11Luton Town Football Club is created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England. *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...
Sino-French War: A French victory at Kép causes China to withdraw its forces from Tonkin, in the final engagement of the conflict. * April 22Symphony No. 7 (Dvořák) was premiered at St James's Hall in London. * April 30 – A bill is signed in the New York State legislature, forming the Niagara Falls State Park.


May

* May 2 ** '' Good Housekeeping'' magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States. ** North-West RebellionBattle of Cut Knife:
Cree The Cree, or nehinaw (, ), are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people, numbering more than 350,000 in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada, First Nations. They live prim ...
and Assiniboine warriors win their largest victory over Canadian forces. * May 912North-West RebellionBattle of Batoche: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on
Métis The Métis ( , , , ) are a mixed-race Indigenous people whose historical homelands include Canada's three Prairie Provinces extending into parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northwest United States. They ha ...
rebels, bringing an end to their part in the rebellion. * May 19 – After a three-month legislative battle in the
Illinois General Assembly The Illinois General Assembly is the legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois. It has two chambers, the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate. The General Assembly was created by the first state constitution adopted in ...
, John A. Logan is re-elected to the
United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...
. * May 20 – The first public train departs Swanage railway station, on the newly built Swanage Railway in England.


June

* June 2Dunfermline_Athletic_F.C. is officially formed at the Old Inn, Dunfermline. * June 3Battle of Loon Lake: The Canadian
North-West Mounted Police The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was a Canadian paramilitary police force, established in 1873, to maintain order in the new Canadian North-West Territories (NWT) following the 1870 transfer of Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory to ...
and allies force a party of Plains
Cree The Cree, or nehinaw (, ), are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people, numbering more than 350,000 in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada, First Nations. They live prim ...
warriors to surrender in the last skirmish of the North-West Rebellion, and the last battle fought on Canadian soil. * June 17 – The
Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (''Liberty Enlightening the World''; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City. The copper-clad statue, a gift to the United States from the people of French Thir ...
arrives in New York Harbor. * June 23
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (; 3 February 183022 August 1903), known as Lord Salisbury, was a British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times for ...
, becomes
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister Advice (constitutional law), advises the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, sovereign on the exercise of much of the Royal prerogative ...
.


July

* July 6
Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, Fermentation, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the la ...
and Émile Roux successfully test their rabies vaccine. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog. * July 14Sarah E. Goode is the first African-American woman to apply for and receive a
patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...
, for the invention of the hideaway bed. * July 15 – The Reservation at
Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge, spanning the Canada–United States border, border between the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Ontario in Canada and the state of New York (s ...
opens, enabling access to all for free. Thomas V. Welch is the first Superintendent of the Park. * July 16BHP (Broken Hill Proprietary), a worldwide
mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...
and
natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...
producer is founded in
New South Wales New South Wales (commonly abbreviated as NSW) is a States and territories of Australia, state on the Eastern states of Australia, east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria (state), Victoria to the south, and South ...
,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
. * July 20
The Football Association The Football Association (the FA) is the Sports governing body, governing body of association football in England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man. Formed in 1863, it is the oldest footb ...
recognises professional players in England. *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...
Louis Riel's trial for
treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spy ...
begins in Regina. *
July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before the ...
– Japan Brewery, predecessor of Kirin Holdings is founded in
Yokohama is the List of cities in Japan, second-largest city in Japan by population as well as by area, and the country's most populous Municipalities of Japan, municipality. It is the capital and most populous city in Kanagawa Prefecture, with a popu ...
, Japan.


August

* August 19 – '' S Andromedae'', the only supernova seen in the Andromeda Galaxy so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the
Milky Way The Milky Way or Milky Way Galaxy is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the #Appearance, galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars in other arms of the galax ...
, is discovered. * August 29
Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fue ...
is granted a German patent for the Daimler Reitwagen, regarded as the first
motorcycle A motorcycle (motorbike, bike; uni (if one-wheeled); trike (if three-wheeled); quad (if four-wheeled)) is a lightweight private 1-to-2 passenger personal motor vehicle Steering, steered by a Motorcycle handlebar, handlebar from a saddle-style ...
, which he has produced with
Wilhelm Maybach Wilhelm Maybach (; 9 February 1846 – 29 December 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, then the world centre for car production, as the "King of Designers". From the late 19th ce ...
.


September

*
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
– The Rock Springs massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town. * September 6Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the unification of Bulgaria. * September 8Saint Thomas Academy is founded in
Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...
. * September 12Arbroath FC defeats Bon Accord FC, 36-0, in the highest score ever in professional football. * September 15 – A train wreck of the P. T. Barnum Circus kills giant elephant Jumbo, at St. Thomas, Ontario. * September 18 – The union of Eastern Rumelia with
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
is proclaimed at
Plovdiv Plovdiv (, ) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, second-largest city in Bulgaria, 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 490,983 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is a cultural hub ...
. *
September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture thei ...
– A British force abolishes the Boer republic of Stellaland, and adds it to British Bechuanaland.


October

* October 3Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs in London, as Millwall Rovers. * October 12 – The city of
Fresno, California Fresno (; ) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County, California, Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley (California), Central Valley region. It covers a ...
, is incorporated. * October 13 – The
Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Georgia Tech, GT, and simply Tech or the Institute) is a public university, public research university and Institute of technology (United States), institute of technology in Atlanta, ...
is established in
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
as the Georgia School of Technology. * October 25Symphony No. 4 (Brahms) is premiered in Meiningen, Germany, with
Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; ; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period (music), Romantic period. His music is noted for its rhythmic vitality and freer treatment of dissonance, oft ...
himself conducting it.


November

*
November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius, 20th pope of Alexandria, is banished to Trier on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. ...
Canadian Pacific Railway The Canadian Pacific Railway () , also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (1968–1996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. The railway is owned by Canadian Pacific Kansas City, Canadian Pacific Ka ...
: In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald considers the project to be vital to Canada, due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility. * November 1428Serbo-Bulgarian War:
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
declares war against
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
, but is defeated in the Battle of Slivnitsa on November 1719. * November 16Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of the
Métis The Métis ( , , , ) are a mixed-race Indigenous people whose historical homelands include Canada's three Prairie Provinces extending into parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northwest United States. They ha ...
, is executed for high
treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spy ...
. * November 27 – St. Helena Anti-Chinese League is formed. * November – The Third Anglo-Burmese War begins.


December

* December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day Dr Pepper is served for the first time; the exact date of Dr. Pepper's invention is unknown. * December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in
Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...
to form the Congress Party.


Date unknown

*
Karl Benz Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automo ...
produces the
Benz Patent-Motorwagen The Benz Patent-Motorwagen ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German engineer Karl Benz, is widely regarded as the first practical automobile and was the first car put into production. It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public ...
, regarded as the first
automobile A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, peopl ...
(patented and publicly launched the following year). * John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle. * The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first
skyscraper A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors. Most modern sources define skyscrapers as being at least or in height, though there is no universally accepted definition, other than being very tall high-rise bui ...
. * Bicycle Playing Cards are first produced. * The Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association is established in the United Kingdom, to provide charitable assistance. * Camp Dudley, the oldest continually running boys' camp in the United States, is founded. * John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of ''
Don Quixote , the full title being ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'', is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, the novel is considered a founding work of Western literature and is of ...
'', acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th century. * Michigan Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time, in the future Houghton County Fire Hall. * Chuo Law College, as predecessor of Chuo University, founded in Kanda,
Tokyo Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...
, Japan. * Before November 1 – More than 24,000 Christians killed, 225 churches burnt, seventeen
orphanage An orphanage is a residential institution, total institution or group home, devoted to the care of orphans and children who, for various reasons, cannot be cared by their biological families. The parents may be deceased, absent, or abusi ...
s and ten convents destroyed in
Cochinchina Cochinchina or Cochin-China (, ; ; ; ; ) is a historical exonym and endonym, exonym for part of Vietnam, depending on the contexts, usually for Southern Vietnam. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer t ...
, now known as
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
.


Births


January

*
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
Florence Turner, American actress (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) *
January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...
John Curtin John Curtin (8 January 1885 – 5 July 1945) was an Australian politician who served as the 14th prime minister of Australia from 1941 until his death in 1945. He held office as the leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), having been most ...
, 14th
Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the Australian Government, federal executive government. Under the pr ...
(d. 1945) *
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
** Jack Hoxie, American actor, rodeo performer (d.
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...
) **
Alice Paul Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American Quaker, suffragette, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the foremost leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the Unit ...
, American women's rights activist (d. 1977) *
January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...
** Harry Benjamin, American endocrinologist, sexologist (d. 1986) ** Claude Fuess, American author, historian and headmaster (d.
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
) *
January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...
Constantin Sănătescu, 44th prime minister of Romania (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
) *
January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...
Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (d.
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
) *
January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, German general and war criminal (d. 1968) *
January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...
Umberto Nobile, Italian aviator and explorer (d.
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
) *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
Roy Geiger, American general (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
) *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...
Harry Ricardo, English mechanical engineer, engine pioneer (d. 1974) *
January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...
** Jerome Kern, American composer (d. 1945) ** Harry Ruby, American musician, composer, and writer (d. 1974) *
January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
Władysław Raczkiewicz,
President of Poland The president of Poland ( ), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (), is the head of state of Poland. His or her prerogatives and duties are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president jointly exercises the executive ...
(d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
) *
January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...
– John Henry Towers, U. S.admiral and naval aviation pioneer (d. 1955)


February

* February 1 – Friedrich Kellner, German diarist (d. 1970) * February 7 ** Sinclair Lewis, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951) ** Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (d. 1953) *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
– Alban Berg, Austrian composer (d. 1935) * February 10 – Rupert Downes, Australian general (d. 1945) * February 13 ** George Fitzmaurice, French-American motion picture director (d. 1940) ** Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (d. 1982) * February 14 – Zengo Yoshida, Japanese admiral (d. 1966) * February 15 – Abraham Grünbaum (activist), German Jewish activist. (d. 1921) *
February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...
– Sacha Guitry, Russian-born French dramatist, writer, director, and actor (d. 1957) * February 22 – Pat Sullivan (film producer), Pat Sullivan, Australian-born American director, animated film producer (d. 1933) * February 24 ** Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (d. 1966) ** Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer, painter (d. 1939) * February 25 – Princess Alice of Battenberg (d. 1969) *
February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...
– Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (d. 1969)


March

* March 6 – Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933) *
March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
– John Tovey, British admiral of the fleet (d. 1971) * March 11 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land, water racer (d. 1948) *
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
– Raoul Lufbery, French-born American World War I pilot (d. 1918) * March 23 – Mollie McNutt, Australian poet (d. 1919) * March 27 – Julio Lozano Díaz, President of Honduras (d. 1957) * March 31 – Jules Pascin, Bulgarian painter (d. 1930)


April

* April 1 ** Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949) ** Clementine Churchill, wife of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (d. 1977) * April 3 ** Allan Dwan, Canadian-born American film director (d. 1981) **Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (''Mutt and Jeff'') (d. 1954) ** St John Philby, Ceylonese-born British orientalist (d. 1960) * April 12 – Hermann Hoth, German general (d. 1971) * April 13 ** John Cunningham (Royal Navy officer), John Cunningham, British admiral (d. 1962) ** Otto Plath, American father of poet Sylvia Plath, entomologist (d. 1940) * April 15 – Tadeusz Kutrzeba, Polish general (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
) * April 16 – Charles Debbas, 1st president, 5th prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1935) * April 17 – Karen Blixen, Danish author (d. 1962) * April 29 – Frank Jack Fletcher, American admiral (d. 1973)


May

* May 2 – Hedda Hopper, American columnist (d. 1966) * May 5 – Agustín Barrios, Paraguayan guitarist, composer (d. 1944) * May 7 – George "Gabby" Hayes, American actor (d. 1969) * May 8 – Thomas B. Costain, Canadian author and journalist (d.
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...
) * May 9 – Eduard C. Lindeman, American social worker, author (d. 1953) * May 14 – Otto Klemperer, German conductor (d. 1973) * May 15 **Robert James Hudson, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d.
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
) **Naokuni Nomura, Japanese admiral and Minister of the Navy (d. 1973) * May 20 – Faisal I of Iraq (d. 1933) * May 21 – Sophie, Princess of Albania, consort of William, Prince of Albania, William of Wied, Prince of Albania (d. 1936) * May 22 – Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (d. 1957) * May 24 – Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English educational psychologist, psychoanalyst (d. 1948) * May 27 – Richmond K. Turner, American admiral (d. 1961) * May 30 – Arthur E. Andersen, American accountant (d.
1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country i ...
)


June

* June 2 – Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt, German neuropathologist (d. 1964) * June 4 – Arturo Rawson, President of Argentina (d. 1952) * June 5 – Georges Mandel, French politician, World War II hero (d. 1944) * June 9 ** John Edensor Littlewood, British mathematician (d. 1977) ** Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski, Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962) ** Harry Gribbon, American comedy actor (d. 1961) * June 21 – Harry A. Marmer, Ukrainian-born American mathematician, oceanographer (d. 1953) * June 22 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer, chess player (d. 1962) * June 27 – Guilhermina Suggia, Portuguese cellist (d. 1950) * June 29 – Izidor Kürschner, Hungarian football player and coach (d. 1941)


July

* July 2 – Nikolai Krylenko, Russian Bolshevik and Soviet politician (d. 1938) * July 4 – Louis B. Mayer, American film producer (d. 1957) * July 6 – Ernst Busch (field marshal), Ernst Busch, German field marshal (d. 1945) * July 8 – Paul Leni, German film director (''The Cat and the Canary (1927 film), The Cat and the Canary'') (d. 1929) * July 9 – Luo Meizhen, Chinese supercentenarian (d. 2013) * July 14 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959) * July 15 ** Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi, 1st prime minister of Sudan (d. 1959) * July 16 – Hakuun Yasutani, Japanese Sōtō rōshi (d. 1973) * July 19 **Dumitru Coroamă, Romanian soldier and fascist activist (d. 1956) **Aristides de Sousa Mendes, Portuguese diplomat, humanitarian (d. 1954) * July 20 – Michitarō Komatsubara, Japanese general (d. 1940) *
July 28 Events Pre-1600 *1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina. *1540 – Henry VIII of England marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. *1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known t ...
– Monte Attell, American boxer (d. 1960) * July 29 – Theda Bara, American silent film actress (d. 1955)


August

* August 1 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)


September

* September 6 – Otto Kruger, American actor (d. 1974) * September 7 – Jovita Idar, Mexican-American journalist and political activist (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) * September 11 – D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930) * September 20 – Enrico Mizzi, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1950) * September 21 – Thomas de Hartmann, Russian composer (d. 1956) * September 22 ** Ben Chifley, 16th
Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the Australian Government, federal executive government. Under the pr ...
(d. 1951) ** Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-born motion picture actor, director (d. 1957) * September 25 – Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (d. 1944) * September 27 – Harry Blackstone Sr., American magician and illusionist (d.
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...
)


October

* October 3 – Sophie Treadwell, American playwright, journalist (d. 1970) * October 7 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962) * October 11 – François Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970) * October 19 – Charles E. Merrill, American banker, co-founder of Merrill Lynch (d. 1956) * October 24 – Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure, wife of third President of Israel (d. 1975) * October 28 – Per Albin Hansson, 2-time prime minister of Sweden (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) * October 30 – Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972)


November

* November 1 – Anton Flettner, German aviation engineer, inventor (d. 1961) * November 2 – Harlow Shapley, American astronomer (d. 1972) * November 5 – Will Durant, American philosopher, writer (d. 1981) * November 8 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (d.
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
) * November 9 (October 28 (O.S.)) – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet (d. 1922) * November 11 – George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945) * November 15 – Frederick Handley Page, Frederick Handley-Page, British aviation pioneer, aircraft company founder (d. 1962) * November 26 – Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany 1930-1932 (d. 1970) * November 30 ** Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (d. 1960) ** Ma Zhanshan, Chinese general (d. 1950)


December

* December 2 – George Minot, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1950) * December 13 – Mario Talavera, Mexican songwriter (d. 1960) * December 18 – Walter Crail, American photographer, staff photographer for the Public Ledger (Philadelphia), Public Ledger (d. 1924) * December 19 ** John Lavarack, Australian general, Governor of Queensland (1946-1957) (d. 1957) ** King Oliver, American jazz musician (d. 1938)


Date unknown

* Geza von Hoffmann, Austrian-Hungarian eugenicist and writer (d. 1921)Turda, Marius, and Paul Weindling. "Blood and Homeland": Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940. Budapest: Central European UP, 2007. pp. 1 Print. * Alessandro Tonini, Italian aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer and manufacturer (d. 1932)


Deaths


January–June

*
January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
– Mariano Ospina Rodríguez, President of Colombia (b. 1805) * January 13 – Schuyler Colfax, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 17th Vice President of the United States (b. 1823) *
January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...
– Charles George Gordon, Charles "Chinese" Gordon, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1833) * February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, British inventor (b. 1850) * February 7 – Iwasaki Yataro, Japanese industrialist, Founder of Mitsubishi (b. 1835) * February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov, Russian explorer, naturalist (b. 1827) * February 19 – José María Pinedo, Argentinian naval commander (b. 1795) * March 12 – Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (b. 1834) * March 13 – Giorgio Mitrovich, Maltese politician (b. 1795) * March 22 – Harry Smith Parkes, Sir Harry Smith Parkes, British diplomat (b. 1828) *
April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
– Justo Rufino Barrios, Central American leader (b. 1835) * April 6 – Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein, Prussian general (b. 1797) * April 25 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (b. 1836) * May 2 – Terézia Zakoucs, Hungarian Slovenes, Hungarian Slovene author (b. 1817) * May 4 – Irvin McDowell, American general (b. 1818) * May 17 – Jonathan Young (commodore), Jonathan Young, United States Navy commodore (b. 1826) * May 19 – Robert Emmet Odlum, American swimming instructor (died as result of becoming the first person to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge) (b. 1851) * May 20 – Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, List of secretaries of state of the United States, 29th United States Secretary of State (b. 1817) * May 22 – Victor Hugo, French author (b. 1802) * June 11 – Amédée Courbet, French admiral (b. 1827) * June 17 – Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel, German field marshal (b. 1809) * June 22 – Muhammad Ahmad, Sudanese Mahdi (b. 1844)


July–December

* July 21 – Karolina Sobańska, Polish noble, agent (b. 1795) * July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, 63, American Civil War general, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822) * August – Aga Khan II, Iranian religious leader (b. 1830) * August 6 – Emil Zsigmondy, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1861) * August 10 – James W. Marshall, American contractor, builder of Sutter's Mill (b. 1810) * August 29 – Moriz Ludassy, Hungarian journalist (b. 1825) *
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
– Giuseppe Bonavia, Maltese architect (b. 1821) * September 5 – Zuo Zongtang, Chinese general and politician (b. 1812) * September 6 – Narcís Monturiol, Catalonia, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion (b. 1819) * September 15 ** Jumbo, African elephant, star attraction in P. T. Barnum's circus (train accident) (b. 1861) ** Carl Spitzweg, German romanticist painter (b. 1808) * October 1 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician and philanthropist (b.1801) * October 3 – Mazhar Nanautawi, Indian freedom struggle activist and founding figure of Mazahir Uloom (b. 1821) * October 5 – Thomas C. Durant, American railroad financier (b. 1820) * October 29 **George B. McClellan, American Civil War general, politician (b. 1826) ** Juan Bautista Topete, Spanish admiral and politician (b. 1821) * November 16Louis Riel, Canadian-American leader (executed) (b. 1844) * November 8 – John McCullough (actor), John McCullough, Irish-American actor (b. 1832) * November 24 – Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentine president (b. 1837) * November 25 ** King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857) ** Thomas A. Hendricks, Thomas Hendricks, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 21st Vice President of the United States (b. 1819) * November 26 – Thomas Andrews (scientist), Thomas Andrews, Irish chemist (b. 1813) * December 8 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (b. 1821) * December 13 – Benjamin Gratz Brown, American politician (b. 1826) * December 15 – Ferdinand II of Portugal, consort of Queen Maria II (b. 1816)


Date unknown

* Eugenia Kisimova, Bulgarian feminist, philanthropist and women's rights activist (b. 1831)


In fiction

*
September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...
–September 7 – The film ''Back to the Future Part III'' takes place during this time. Emmett Brown, Dr. Emmett Brown is initially murdered by List of Back to the Future characters, Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen in Hill Valley (Back to the Future), Hill Valley, California (1885); however, Marty McFly later prevents this murder. * The stage "Bury My Shell at Wounded Knee", in the 1992 video game ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time'', is set in this year. * The Nickelodeon TV movie, ''Lost in the West'', takes place in this year. * The plot of An American Tail is set in this period. * Stephen Gordon, protagonist of The Well of Loneliness, is born on 24th December 1885.


References


Further reading

* {{DEFAULTSORT:1885 1885,