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The 1875 British Columbia general election was held in 1875. Many of the politicians in the House had served with the Legislative Council or Assembly or the Executive Council, or had otherwise been stalwarts of the colonial era - some supporters of Confederation, others not. Some were ranchers or mining bosses from the Interior, others were colonial gentry from the Island and New Westminster, and others direct arrivals from Britain, Ireland or "Canada", which was still considered a different place not only in the minds of the politicians but in the language used in
Hansard ''Hansard'' is the traditional name of the transcripts of parliamentary debates in Britain and many Commonwealth countries. It is named after Thomas Curson Hansard (1776–1833), a London printer and publisher, who was the first official print ...
during this period.


Statistics

Votes 5,656 Candidates 55 Members 25 Vancouver Island 4,477 votes total in thirteen seats 344.38 voters per seat: *Upper Island **Comox: 83 votes (83 votes/seat) **Cowichan: 143 votes (2 seats 71.5 votes/seat) **Nanaimo: 770 (2 seats 385 votes/seat) *"Greater Victoria" total incl. Esquimalt is 3,481 eight seats 435.13 per seat) **Victoria: 389 votes (2 seats 194.5 votes/seat) **Victoria City: 2,811 (4 seats 702.75 votes/seat) **Esquimalt: 281 (2 seats 140.5 votes/seat) Mainland: *Interior 1,748 votes (10 seats 174.8 votes/seat: **Cariboo: 852 votes (3 seats 284 votes/seat) **Kootenay: 63 votes (2 seats 31.5 votes/seat) **Lillooet: 201 votes (2 seats 100.5 votes/seat **Yale: 632 votes (3 seats 210.6 votes/seat) *Lower Mainland 686 votes (3 seats 228.67 votes/seat: **New Westminster: 589 votes (2 seats 294.5 votes/seat) **New Westminster City: 97 votes (97 votes/seat) Note that these figures refer to votes actually cast, not the population ''per se'' nor the total of the potential voters' list.


Political context


Issues and debates

The issues of Chinese immigration and the unbuilt railway defined the politics of the period, and were the main topic of debate in the campaign as well as in the House. As ever since in British Columbia politics, a tough stand against the
Dominion Government The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown-in-C ...
(Ottawa) upon these issues, and over better terms for BC, was a prerequisite for success at the polls. Politicians and newspapermen (often the same thing in the early Legislature) were alarmed that British Columbia appeared not to have a say in the route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and that Ottawa had no plans to assist in immigration to the new province in order to build the railway and otherwise populate the former colony. The issue of a promised railway along the east coast of Vancouver Island to its southern tip at Victoria was also of major political importance, especially to voters in the Island ridings (Victoria City, Victoria, Nanaimo City, Comox, Alberni, Cowichan, Esquimalt). Also occupying the House were capital proposals and expenditures on projects such as improvements to the
Dewdney Trail The Dewdney Trail is a trail in British Columbia, Canada that served as a major thoroughfare in mid-19th century British Columbia. The trail was a critical factor in the development and strengthening of the newly established British colony of Bri ...
, the
Cariboo Road The Cariboo Road (also called the Cariboo Wagon Road, the Great North Road or the Queen's Highway) was a project initiated in 1860 by the Governor of the Colony of British Columbia, James Douglas. It involved a feat of engineering stretching fro ...
, the Grand Trunk Road (
Old Yale Road The Old Yale Road is a historic early wagon road between New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada and Yale, British Columbia, and servicing the Fraser Valley of the British Columbia Lower Mainland in the late 19th century and into the early 20th ...
), and the financing of the
Lillooet Cattle Trail The Lillooet Cattle Trail, also known as the Lillooet-Burrard Cattle Trail and also as the Lillooet Trail, was an unusual and daring public works undertaking by the Province of British Columbia in the 1877, and was the largest 19th century public ...
, even though its main proponent,
Thomas Basil Humphreys Thomas Basil Humphreys (March 10, 1840 – August 26, 1890) was an English-born miner, auctioneer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1871 to 1875, Victoria District from 1875 to 1882 and Comox from 1887 to ...
, the first MLA for
Lillooet Lillooet () is a district municipality in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. The town is on the west shore of the Fraser River immediately north of the Seton River mouth. On BC Highway 99, the locality is by road abou ...
, was now MLA for Victoria. Victoria City MLA Andrew Charles Elliott, soon to be Premier, had been a provincial Magistrate in Lillooet and also supported the project, then the largest capital expenditure in the new province to date, and larger than anything outlaid in the colonial period. The trail was finally built and used in its entirety and for its original purpose - bringing cattle from the West Fraser rangelands directly to the Coast - was a financial disaster (as were also the Dewdney, Cariboo and Grand Trunk projects, and as had been the Douglas Road originally.


Non-party system

There were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations "Government" and "Opposition" and "Independent" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. "Government" meant in support of the current Premier; "Opposition" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government. The Elections British Columbia notes for this election describe the designations as ''"Government (GOV.) candidates supported the administration of G.A.B. Walkem. Those opposed ran as Reform (REF.), Opposition (OPP.), Independent Reform (IND.REF.), or Independent Opposition (IND.OPP.) candidates. Those who ran as straight Independents (IND.) were sometimes described as Government supporters (IND./GOV.).''


The Walkem Government

Actual governing coalitions were very shaky, and between 1871 and 1903, when parties were formalized in BC, there were sixteen governments (as defined by Premierships) but only ten elections. This was one of the few early elections that produced a stable regime, as the mandate was called for and won by the incumbent government of the popular George Anthony Boomer Walkem, who retired from the office of
Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of governm ...
a year later only to return in
1878 Events January–March * January 5 – Russo-Turkish War – Battle of Shipka Pass IV: Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire. * January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy. * January 17 – Battle o ...
to serve again as Premier for a full four years further - a record in the period. In this election he had already been in office since the previous year, being voted to the position of Premier by the House after the retirement of
Amor de Cosmos Amor De Cosmos (born William Alexander Smith; August 20, 1825 – July 4, 1897) was a Canadian journalist, publisher and politician. He served as the second premier of British Columbia. Early life Amor De Cosmos was born William Alexander Smith ...
from the Legislature, as his serving in the provincial House simultaneously with his seat in the House of Commons in Ottawa had been disallowed. Walkem similarly returned in 1878 because of the retirement of
Andrew Charles Elliott Andrew Charles Elliott (June 22, 1829 – April 9, 1889) was a British Columbian politician and jurist. Career Elliott's varied career in British Columbia included gold commissioner, stipendiary magistrate, and, following the union of the Is ...
, who had assumed the reins of power when he retired from his seat in 1876 and had been offered an appointment as a judge. From Walkem's retirement in 1882 to the end of the
Prior Prior (or prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be l ...
government and the non-party period in 1903 - eleven years - there were ten governments.


Byelections not shown

Any changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.


List of ridings

The original ridings had remained twelve in number, electing 25 members of the first provincial legislature from 12 ridings (electoral districts), some with multiple members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually
Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...
, although both
Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...
and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates). In all there were 55 candidates in the election, competing for 5,656 votes cast. These ridings were: *
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...
(three members) * Comox * Cowichan (two members) *
Esquimalt The Township of Esquimalt is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de ...
(two members) *
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...
(two members) *
Lillooet Lillooet () is a district municipality in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. The town is on the west shore of the Fraser River immediately north of the Seton River mouth. On BC Highway 99, the locality is by road abou ...
(two members) *
Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "H ...
*
New Westminster New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capita ...
(two members) *
New Westminster City New Westminster City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1871 to 1912. For other electoral districts in New Westminster, please see New Westminster (electoral districts). Demographics Politic ...
*
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
(two members) * Victoria City (four members) *
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...
(three members)


Polling conditions

The secret ballot had been instituted for the first time, unlike the open poll book and show of hands in the 1871 election. Nomination meetings for candidates, however, still retained the old show of hands method of voting. The election was called on August 30, with polling day on a varying schedule from September 11 to October 25 and the legislature meeting for the first time on January 10, 1876. The varying schedule meant that some returns were in on October 1, on the same day other ridings were voting and still others would vote long after new of the returns elsewhere had come in. Election days varied because of travel difficulties and local work and weather conditions, and even in New Westminster and Victoria the "city" ridings voted a week in advance of those for the surrounding more rural ridings, although no returns (count of votes) were in until after the interval elapsed. Natives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.


Results by riding

, - , ,      , align="center", George Anthony Boomer Walkem1 , align="center" ,
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...

Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...

Independent Opposition , align="center",
Alexander Edmund Batson Davie Alexander Edmund Batson Davie, Queen's Counsel, QC, referred to as A. E. B. Davie (November 24, 1847 – August 1, 1889), was the eighth premier of British Columbia. He served in office from 1887 until his death in 1889. Call to the bar, Called ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center", John Ash , align="center" rowspan=, Comox
Government , ,      , ,      , align="center", John Evans , ,      , - , ,      , align="center", William James Armstrong , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
New Westminster New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capita ...

Government
Independent/Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...

Reform Caucus , align="center", Charles Gallagher , ,      , - , ,      , align="center",
Ebenezer Brown Ebenezer Brown ( – June 5, 1883) was an English-born wholesale merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster from 1875 to 1878 and New Westminster City New Westminster City was a provincial electoral dist ...
, ,      , ,      , align="center", Arthur Wellesley Vowell , ,      , - , ,      , align="center",
Robert Beaven Robert Beaven (January 20, 1836 – September 18, 1920), son of James Beaven, was a British Columbia politician and businessman. Beaven moved to British Columbia from Toronto, where he had been educated at Upper Canada College, because of ...
, align="center" rowspan=2 , Victoria City
Government
Independent-Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 , Cowichan
Reform Caucus , align="center",
Edwin Pimbury Edwin Pimbury (January 3, 1834https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/232522229/edwin-pimbury – April 6, 1909) was an England, English-born farmer, merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cowichan (electoral district), ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center", James Trimble , ,      , ,      , align="center",
William Smithe William Smithe (born William Smith; June 30, 1842 in Matfen, Northumberland, England – March 28, 1887 in Victoria, British Columbia) was a British Columbia politician. Smithe was born William Smith in England and moved to Canada in his youth, ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center", Robert Smith , align="center" rowspan=1 ,
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

Independent Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Esquimalt The Township of Esquimalt is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de ...

Independent
Reform Caucus , align="center", William Fisher , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center", Frederick W. Williams , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

Reform Caucus , align="center",
Thomas Basil Humphreys Thomas Basil Humphreys (March 10, 1840 – August 26, 1890) was an English-born miner, auctioneer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1871 to 1875, Victoria District from 1875 to 1882 and Comox from 1887 to ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
William Fraser Tolmie William Fraser Tolmie ( "Dr. Tolmie") (February 3, 1812 – December 8, 1886) was a surgeon, fur trader, scientist, and politician. He was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1812, and by 1833 moved to the Pacific Northwest in the service of ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 , Victoria City
Independent
Opposition
 ,
James W. Douglas James William Douglas (June 1, 1851 – November 7, 1883) was a Canadian who represented Victoria City (provincial electoral district), Victoria City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1875 to 1878. He was born in Victoria, Br ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
Andrew Charles Elliott Andrew Charles Elliott (June 22, 1829 – April 9, 1889) was a British Columbian politician and jurist. Career Elliott's varied career in British Columbia included gold commissioner, stipendiary magistrate, and, following the union of the Is ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" ,
Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "H ...
, align="center", John Bryden , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

Reform Caucus , align="center", John Andrew Mara , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
Forbes George Vernon Forbes George Vernon (21 August 1843 – 20 January 1911), Lieutenant (ret.) British Army, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1875 to 1882, and from 1886 to 1894, representing the ri ...
, ,      , - , - , , align-left", 1 Premier-Elect and Incumbent Premier , - , align="center" colspan="10", Source:''
Elections BC
, -


Byelections

Two sets of byelections were held to confirm appointments to the Executive Council (cabinet), as was the custom in earlier times. Some ministerial candidates in this series of byelections were confirmed by acclamation, others were contested. These byelections were: *
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
- February 15, 1876,
Thomas Basil Humphreys Thomas Basil Humphreys (March 10, 1840 – August 26, 1890) was an English-born miner, auctioneer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1871 to 1875, Victoria District from 1875 to 1882 and Comox from 1887 to ...
acclaimed * Victoria City - A.C. Elliott (contested), February 22, 1876 *
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...
-
Forbes George Vernon Forbes George Vernon (21 August 1843 – 20 January 1911), Lieutenant (ret.) British Army, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1875 to 1882, and from 1886 to 1894, representing the ri ...
(contested), March 11, 1876 * Cowichan -
William Smithe William Smithe (born William Smith; June 30, 1842 in Matfen, Northumberland, England – March 28, 1887 in Victoria, British Columbia) was a British Columbia politician. Smithe was born William Smith in England and moved to Canada in his youth, ...
acclaimed, August 14, 1876 *
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...
-
Alexander Edmund Batson Davie Alexander Edmund Batson Davie, Queen's Counsel, QC, referred to as A. E. B. Davie (November 24, 1847 – August 1, 1889), was the eighth premier of British Columbia. He served in office from 1887 until his death in 1889. Call to the bar, Called ...
, who had been appointed to the Executive Council and so resigned his seat, was defeated by George Cowan Jn 20, 1877 Other byelections were also held due to deaths and other appointments; all were contested: *
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...
-
William Cosgrove Milby William Cosgrove Milby (?-26 October 1877) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Kootenay from a by-election in 1872 to 1874 and from a by-election A by-election, also known as a special election in the United St ...
, January 19, 1877; seat vacated by the resignation of
A.W. Vowell A&W, AW, Aw, aW or aw may refer to: Companies * A&W Restaurants ** A&W Root Beer * Addison-Wesley, publishers * Africa World Airlines, IATA code * Prefix for helicopters made by AgustaWestland * Allied Waste Industries, Inc, stock symbol on N ...
upon appointment as Gold Commissioner for Cassiar 26 May 1876. Note: The Returning Officer cast the deciding vote for W.C. Milby. A show of hands on nomination day favoured Robert Galbraith (''Victoria Colonist'' September 10, 1876). *
Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "H ...
-
David William Gordon David William Gordon (February 27, 1832 – February 19, 1893) was a Canadian politician from British Columbia. Gordon was born in Camden Township, Upper Canada, the son of Michael Gordon. He went to California in 1856 and then moved to th ...
, January 19, 1877; seat vacated by John Bryden in December 1876 to look after his business interests *
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...
-
Robert Leslie Thomas Galbraith Robert Leslie Thomas "'R.L.T." Galbraith (1841 – May 12, 1924) was an Ireland, Irish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Kootenay (provincial electoral district), Kootenay in the Legislative Assembly of B ...
, January 19, 1877; seat vacated by the death of W.C. Milby October 26, 1877.


Composition of House at dissolution

''Note: Government/Opposition status applies to candidate at time of election in 1875, not at time of dissolution in 1878.'' , - , ,      , align="center", George Anthony Boomer Walkem1 , align="center" ,
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...

Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Cariboo The Cariboo is an intermontane region of British Columbia, Canada, centered on a plateau stretching from Fraser Canyon to the Cariboo Mountains. The name is a reference to the caribou that were once abundant in the region. The Cariboo was the ...

Independent Opposition , align="center", George Cowan , ,      , - , ,      , align="center", John Ash , align="center" rowspan=, Comox
Government , ,      , ,      , align="center", John Evans , ,      , - , ,      , align="center", William James Armstrong , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
New Westminster New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capita ...

Government
Independent/Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...

Reform Caucus , align="center", Charles Gallagher , ,      , - , ,      , align="center",
Ebenezer Brown Ebenezer Brown ( – June 5, 1883) was an English-born wholesale merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster from 1875 to 1878 and New Westminster City New Westminster City was a provincial electoral dist ...
, ,      , ,      , align="center",
Robert Leslie Thomas Galbraith Robert Leslie Thomas "'R.L.T." Galbraith (1841 – May 12, 1924) was an Ireland, Irish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Kootenay (provincial electoral district), Kootenay in the Legislative Assembly of B ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center",
Robert Beaven Robert Beaven (January 20, 1836 – September 18, 1920), son of James Beaven, was a British Columbia politician and businessman. Beaven moved to British Columbia from Toronto, where he had been educated at Upper Canada College, because of ...
, align="center" rowspan=2 , Victoria City
Government
Independent-Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 , Cowichan
Reform Caucus , align="center",
Edwin Pimbury Edwin Pimbury (January 3, 1834https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/232522229/edwin-pimbury – April 6, 1909) was an England, English-born farmer, merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cowichan (electoral district), ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center", James Trimble , ,      , ,      , align="center",
William Smithe William Smithe (born William Smith; June 30, 1842 in Matfen, Northumberland, England – March 28, 1887 in Victoria, British Columbia) was a British Columbia politician. Smithe was born William Smith in England and moved to Canada in his youth, ...
, ,      , - , ,      , align="center", Robert Smith , align="center" rowspan=1 ,
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

Independent Government , ,      , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Esquimalt The Township of Esquimalt is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de ...

Independent
Reform Caucus , align="center", William Fisher , ,      , - , ,      , align="center",
David William Gordon David William Gordon (February 27, 1832 – February 19, 1893) was a Canadian politician from British Columbia. Gordon was born in Camden Township, Upper Canada, the son of Michael Gordon. He went to California in 1856 and then moved to th ...
, align="center" ,
Nanaimo Nanaimo ( ) is a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census, it had a population of 99,863, and it is known as "The Harbour City." The city was previously known as the "H ...
, ,      , ,      , align="center", Frederick W. Williams , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

Reform Caucus , align="center",
Thomas Basil Humphreys Thomas Basil Humphreys (March 10, 1840 – August 26, 1890) was an English-born miner, auctioneer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1871 to 1875, Victoria District from 1875 to 1882 and Comox from 1887 to ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
William Fraser Tolmie William Fraser Tolmie ( "Dr. Tolmie") (February 3, 1812 – December 8, 1886) was a surgeon, fur trader, scientist, and politician. He was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1812, and by 1833 moved to the Pacific Northwest in the service of ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 , Victoria City
Independent
Opposition ,
James W. Douglas James William Douglas (June 1, 1851 – November 7, 1883) was a Canadian who represented Victoria City (provincial electoral district), Victoria City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1875 to 1878. He was born in Victoria, Br ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
Andrew Charles Elliott Andrew Charles Elliott (June 22, 1829 – April 9, 1889) was a British Columbian politician and jurist. Career Elliott's varied career in British Columbia included gold commissioner, stipendiary magistrate, and, following the union of the Is ...
, ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center" rowspan=2 ,
Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

Reform Caucus , align="center", John Andrew Mara , ,      , - , , , , , ,      , align="center",
Forbes George Vernon Forbes George Vernon (21 August 1843 – 20 January 1911), Lieutenant (ret.) British Army, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1875 to 1882, and from 1886 to 1894, representing the ri ...
, ,      , - , - , , align-left", , - , align="center" colspan="10", Source:''
Elections BC
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Further reading & references

* '' In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia'', Joseph Morton, J.J. Douglas, Vancouver (1974). Despite its title, a fairly thorough account of the politicians and electoral politics in early BC.


See also

* List of British Columbia political parties {{British Columbia elections
1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
1875 elections in Canada 1875 in British Columbia