1872–73 United States House Of Representatives Elections
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The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the
House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
before the first session of the
43rd United States Congress The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, ...
convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President
Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...
. The congressional reapportionment based on the
1870 United States census The United States census of 1870 was the ninth United States census. It was conducted by the Census Bureau from June 1, 1870, to August 23, 1871. The 1870 census was the first census to provide detailed information on the African-American popul ...
increased the number of House seats to 292. Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...
and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the
Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840. This transition included going f ...
grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.


Election summaries

Following the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats, followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states, resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment. This would prove the last time until
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.


Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates: *Early elections (1872): **June 4
Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...
**August 1
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
**August 27
West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bur ...
**September 3
Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...
**September 9
Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...
**October 8
Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
,
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
,
Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
*Late elections (1873): **March 11, 1873
New Hampshire New Hampshire is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...
**April 7, 1873
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...


Special elections

* : 1872 * : 1873 * : 1872 * : 1873 * : 1873 * : 1873 * : 1872


Alabama


Arkansas

, - ! ,
James M. Hanks James Millander Hanks (February 12, 1833 – May 24, 1909) was an American lawyer, judge and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Arkansas from 1871 to 1873. He was a slaveholder. Early life and education Born in H ...
, , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Oliver P. Snyder Oliver P. Snyder (November 13, 1833 – November 22, 1882) was a U.S. Representative who served from 1871 to 1875 during the Reconstruction of Arkansas. Born in Missouri, Snyder completed preparatory studies and moved to Arkansas in 1853. ...
, , Republican ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Thomas Boles Thomas Boles (July 16, 1837 – March 13, 1905) was an American politician, a judge, and a U.S. Representative from Arkansas. Biography Born near Clarksville, Arkansas, Boles attended the common schools and taught school for several years. Car ...
, , Republican ,
1868 Events January–March * January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries. * January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Jap ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! , colspan=3 , None , , Vacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction)
New member elected.
Liberal Republican gain. , nowrap ,


California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.


Connecticut


Delaware

The election was held November 5, 1872. , - ! , Benjamin T. Biggs , , Democrat , 1868 , , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican Gain. , nowrap ,


Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.


Georgia


Illinois


Indiana


Iowa


Kansas


Kentucky


Louisiana

In the newly formed ,
George A. Sheridan George Augustus Sheridan (February 22, 1840 – October 7, 1896) was an Americans, American American Civil War , Civil War veteran and politician who, along with Effingham Lawrence is known for serving for List_of_members_of_the_United_States_C ...
(Liberal Republican) beat
P. B. S. Pinchback Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback (May 10, 1837 – December 21, 1921) was an American publisher, politician, and Union Army officer. Pinchback was the second African American (after Oscar Dunn) to serve as governor and lieutenant governor of a U ...
(Republican), the first black
Governor of Louisiana A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
. Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.


Maine


Maryland


Massachusetts


Michigan


Minnesota


Mississippi

, - ! ,
George E. Harris George Emrick Harris (January 6, 1827 – March 19, 1911) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Biography Born in Orange County, North Carolina, Harris moved to Tennessee and thence to Mississippi. He attended the common schools. He st ...
, , Republican ,
1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Joseph L. Morphis Joseph Lewis Morphis (April 17, 1831 – July 29, 1913) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born near Pocahontas, Tennessee, Pocahontas, McNairy County, Tennessee, Morphis pursued elementary ...
, , Republican ,
1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...
, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Henry W. Barry Henry W. Barry (April 1840 – June 7, 1875) was a Union army officer during the American Civil War, reaching the rank of Brevet Brigadier General. He commanded a regiment of United States Colored Troops. After the war, he became an attorney and ...
, , Republican ,
1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , colspan=3 , None (new district) , , New district.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! rowspan=2 , ,
Legrand W. Perce Legrand (or ''Le Grand'') Winfield Perce (June 19, 1836 – March 16, 1911) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Born in Buffalo, New York, Perce completed preparatory studies. He attended Genesee College, Lima, New York, and was graduate ...
, , Republican ,
1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...
, , Incumbent retired.
Republican loss. , nowrap rowspan=2 , , - ,
George C. McKee George Colin McKee (October 2, 1837 – November 17, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi. Biography Born in Joliet, Illinois, Mckee attended Knox College and Lombard College, both in Galesburg, Illinois, where he studied law. He wa ...

, , Republican ,
1869 Events January–March * January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan. * January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded. * January 20 – E ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , - ! , colspan=3 , None (new district) , , New district.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,


Missouri


Nebraska

, - ! ,
John Taffe John Taffe (January 30, 1827 – March 14, 1884) was a Nebraska Republican politician. Biography He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on January 30, 1827. He passed the bar and moved to the Nebraska Territory in 1856, becoming a member of the N ...
, , Republican ,
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman tr ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap ,


Nevada


New Hampshire


New Jersey


New York


North Carolina


Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.


Oregon


Pennsylvania


Rhode Island


South Carolina


Tennessee

, - ! ,
Horace Maynard Horace Maynard (August 30, 1814 – May 3, 1882) was an American educator, attorney, politician and diplomat active primarily in the second half of the 19th century. Initially elected to the House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd Cong ...

, , Republican ,
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...
, , New district.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Roderick R. Butler Roderick Randum Butler (April 9, 1827 – August 18, 1902) was an American politician who represented Tennessee's 1st district in the United States House of Representatives from 1867 to 1875, and again from 1887 to 1889. He also served several t ...
, , Republican ,
1867 Events January–March * January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky, in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It was renamed a ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Abraham E. Garrett
, , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! , colspan=3 , None (new district) , , New district.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! , John M. Bright , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Edward I. Golladay , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,
Washington C. Whitthorne Washington Curran Whitthorne (April 19, 1825September 21, 1891) was a Tennessee Lawyer, attorney, United States Democratic Party, Democratic politician, and an Adjutant General in the Confederate Army. Early life and career Whitthorne was born ...
, , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap , , - ! , Robert P. Caldwell , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold. , nowrap , , - ! , William W. Vaughan , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain. , nowrap , , - ! , colspan=3 , None (new district) , , New district.
Republican gain. , nowrap ,


Texas


Vermont


Virginia


West Virginia

, - ! , John J. Davis , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, , Incumbent re-elected.
Independent Democratic gain. , nowrap , , - ! ,
James McGrew James Clark McGrew (September 14, 1813 – September 18, 1910) was an American politician, merchant, banker and hospital director from Virginia and West Virginia. Early and family life Born near Brandonville, Virginia (now West Virginia ...
, , Republican ,
1868 Events January–March * January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries. * January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Jap ...
, , Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold. , nowrap , , - ! , Frank Hereford , , Democratic ,
1870 Events January–March * January 1 ** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed. * January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
, Incumbent re-elected. , nowrap ,


Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.


Non-voting delegates


Colorado Territory


Dakota Territory


Idaho Territory


Montana Territory


Wyoming Territory


See also

* 1872 United States elections **
1872 United States presidential election The 1872 United States presidential election was the 22nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1872. Despite a split in the Republican Party, incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal ...
**
1872–73 United States Senate elections The 1872–73 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President Ulysses S. Grant's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 19 ...
*
42nd United States Congress The 42nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871, ...
*
43rd United States Congress The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, ...


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * *


External links


Office of the Historian
(Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) {{DEFAULTSORT:1872-73 United States House of Representatives elections