Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Events

Works published

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

* Henry Baker, ''The Second Part of Original Poems: Serious and Humorous'' (see also ''Original Poems''

1725 Events January–March * January 15 – James Macrae, a former captain of a freighter for the British East India Company, is hired by the Company to administer the Madras Presidency (at the time, the "Presidency of Fort St. Ge ...

)Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, * Ebenezer Cooke (attributed; also spelled "Cook"), "An ELOGY on the Death of Thomas Bordley, Esq.", the first of four elegies attributed to Cooke;

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

Colonial

America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

Burt, Daniel S.
''The Chronology of American Literature: : America's literary achievements from the colonial era to modern times''
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004, , retrieved via Google Books *

Henry Carey Henry Carey may refer to: *Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1526–1596), politician, general, and potential illegitimate son of Henry VIII *Henry Carey, 1st Earl of Dover (1580–1666), English peer *Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth (1596–1661), ...

, ''Namby Pamby: or, a panegyrick on the new versification address'd to A----- P----'',Exact name according t
library catalog web page
of East Carolina University's Joyner Library website, retrieved July 2, 2009 including fragments of many still-popular nursery rhymes, such as "London Bridge is broken down" (see "Namby-pamby" section, below); Dublin *

Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature, ...

, ''The Odyssey of Homer'', Volumes 4 (Books 15–19) and 5 (Books 20–29); (see also Volumes 1–3

) * William Pulteney and

, ''The Discovery; or, The Squire Turn'd Ferret'', published anonymously; satirical ballad on the claim of

Mary Toft Mary Toft (née Denyer; c. 1701–1763), also spelled Tofts, was an English woman from Godalming, Surrey, who in 1726 became the subject of considerable controversy when she tricked doctors into believing that she had given birth to rabbits. ...

that she had given birth to rabbits; published this year, although the book states "1727" * Richard Savage, ''Miscellaneous Poems and Translations'', an anthology including poems by Savage, Aaron Hill,

John Dyer John Dyer (1699 – 15 December 1757) was a painter and Welsh poet who became a priest in the Church of England.Shaw, Thomas B. ''A Complete Manual of English Literature''. Ed. William Smith. New York: Sheldon & Co., 1872. 372. Print. He was m ...

("Grongar Hill", his first poem, written in Pindaric style, rewritten and published separately in

1727 Events January–March * January 1 – (December 21, 1726 O.S.) Spain's ambassador to Great Britain demands that the British return Gibraltar after accusing Britain of violating the terms of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Britain ...

) and others, as well as Savage's prose sketch of his early life *

William Somervile William Somervile or Somerville (2 September 167517 July 1742) was an English poet who wrote in many genres and is especially remembered for "The Chace", in which he pioneered an early English georgic. Life Somervile, the eldest son of a long es ...

, ''Occasional Poems, Translations, Fables, Tales, &c'', published this year, although the book states "1727" * Joseph Spence - ''An Essay on Pope's Odyssey'', published anonymously; on

's translation of

Homer Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the ...

's ''

Odyssey The ''Odyssey'' (; grc, Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia, ) is one of two major Ancient Greek literature, ancient Greek Epic poetry, epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by moder ...

'' (see above) *

Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish Satire, satirist, author, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whig (British political party), Whigs, then for the Tories (British political party), Tories), poe ...

, ''Cadenus and Vanessa'', anonymously published; written in

1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ref ...

for Esther Vanhomrigh (died 1713), the "Vanessa" of the title (the name was created from the "Van" in her surname and "Esse", the pet form of "Esther") * James Thomson, ''Winter'', a popular poem first published in April, with five editions by March 1728; in

1730 Events January–March * January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage. * February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia (Ann ...

the poem was expanded to 787 lines (see also ''Summer''

, ''Spring''

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

, '' The Seasons''

)

"Namby–Pamby" first appears

's poem, ''Namby Pamby: or, a panegyrick on the new versification address'd to A----- P----'', published this year (some sources give the publication year as

), satirizes the poetry of

Ambrose Philips Ambrose Philips (167418 June 1749) was an English poet and politician. He feuded with other poets of his time, resulting in Henry Carey bestowing the nickname "Namby-Pamby" upon him, which came to mean affected, weak, and maudlin speech or verse. ...

, with the name a play on the first three letters of "Ambrose". Carey and others, including

John Gay John Gay (30 June 1685 – 4 December 1732) was an English poet and dramatist and member of the Scriblerus Club. He is best remembered for ''The Beggar's Opera'' (1728), a ballad opera. The characters, including Captain Macheath and Polly Peac ...

and

, used the term as a disparaging nickname for Philips, but this year Carey was the first to put it into print. Carey's poem, a reaction against the style of Philips' ''To the Honourable Miss Carteret'' of

, mimicked the cloying, overly sentimental

reduplication In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The classic observation on the semantics of reduplication is Edwa ...

in some verse Phillips had written for childrenWeb page title
"Namby-pamby"
at ''The Phrase Finder'' website, retrieved July 2, 2009

2009-07-20. or as elegies of dead children, such as these opening lines from ''Miss Charlotte Pulteney, in Her Mother’s Arms'':Web page title

at the ''World Wide Words'' website, retrieved July 2, 2009

2009-07-20. ::Timely blossom, infant fair, ::Fondling of a happy pair, ::Every morn and every night ::Their solicitous delight Compare with Carey's lampoon of this year: ::All ye poets of the age, ::All ye witlings of the stage … ::Namby-Pamby is your guide, ::Albion's joy, Hibernia's pride. ::Namby-Pamby, pilly-piss, ::Rhimy-pim'd on Missy Miss ::Tartaretta Tartaree ::From the navel to the knee; ::That her father's gracy grace ::Might give him a placy place. In ''

The Dunciad ''The Dunciad'' is a landmark, mock-heroic, narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743. The poem celebrates a goddess Dulness and the progress of her chosen agents as they bring ...

'' (

1733 Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for ...

), Pope would also make fun of Philips: "Beneath his reign, shall ..Namby Pamby be prefer'd for Wit!" Pope despised Philips for both political and professional reasons, in part because Whig critics such as

Joseph Addison Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 – 17 June 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright and politician. He was the eldest son of The Reverend Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend Richard S ...

had compared Philips' rustic verse favorably to that of Pope, a Tory. Within a generation, "Namby Pamby" began to broaden its meaning, so that in William Ayres' ''Memoirs of the life and writings of Alexander Pope'' of

1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavaria ...

was said to be referring to the "Namby Pamby Stile" of writing. By 1774, the meaning had broadened further, covering anything ineffectual or weak, so that ''The Westmoreland Magazine'' could refer to "A namby-pamby Duke". The hyphenated phrase now covers anything ineffectual or affectedly sentimental.

Births

Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article: * January 28 – Christian Felix Weiße (died

1804 Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * Februa ...

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

* May 1 –

Justus Friedrich Wilhelm Zachariae Justus (died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. He was sent from Italy to England by Pope Gregory the Great, on a mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism, probably arrivin ...

(died

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

writer, translator, editor and composer * ''date unknown:'' **

Lê Quý Đôn Lê Quý Đôn (; 1726–1784) was an 18th-century Vietnamese people, Vietnamese poet, encyclopedist, and government official. His pseudonym was Quế - Đường. He was a native of Duyen Ha village in present-day Thái Bình Province. He is cons ...

(died

1784 Events January–March * January 6 – Treaty of Constantinople: The Ottoman Empire agrees to Russia's annexation of the Crimea. * January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Brit ...

), Vietnamese philosopher, poet, encyclopedist and government official ** Zaharije Orfelin (died

1785 Events January–March * January 1 – The first issue of the ''Daily Universal Register'', later known as ''The Times'', is published in London. * January 7 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries tr ...

), Serb educator,

administrator Administrator or admin may refer to: Job roles Computing and internet * Database administrator, a person who is responsible for the environmental aspects of a database * Forum administrator, one who oversees discussions on an Internet forum * N ...

, poet, engraver, lexicographer, herbalist, historian, winemaker, translator,

editor Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, photographic, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, orga ...

publisher Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software and other content available to the public for sale or for free. Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works, such as books, newsp ...

polemic Polemic () is contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position. The practice of such argumentation is called ''polemics'', which are seen in arguments on controversial topics ...

ist and traveler

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article: * May 20 – Nicholas Brady (born

1659 Events January–March * January 14 – In the Battle of the Lines of Elvas, fought near the small city of Elvas in Portugal during the Portuguese Restoration War, the Spanish Army under the command of Luis Méndez de Haro suff ...

), Anglo-Irish clergyman and poet * ''date unknown:'' ** Aogán Ó Rathaille (born c.

1670 Events January–March * January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France is burned at the stake after having been accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a small child who had disa ...

), Irish poet, creator of the

Aisling The aisling (, , approximately ), or vision poem, is a poetic genre that developed during the late 17th and 18th centuries in Irish language Irish poetry, poetry. The word may have a number of variations in pronunciation, but the ''is'' of t ...

poem ** Sonome 斯波園女 (born

1664 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664). Events January–March * January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...

), Japanese woman poet, friend and noted correspondent of

Matsuo Bashō born then was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative '' haikai no renga'' form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest ma ...

Notes

"A Timeline of English Poetry" Web page of the Representative Poetry Online Web site, University of Toronto {{Lists of poets 18th-century poetry