Hortus Palatinus und Heidelberger Schloss von Jacques Fouquiere

Events

January–March

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

(January 12, 1688 O.S.) –

Glorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

in England: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of

1688 Events January–March * January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Oco ...

. The settlement of this is agreed on

8 February Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al M ...

. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

– The first performance of the opera '' Henrico Leone'' composed by

Agostino Steffani Agostino Steffani (25 July 165412 February 1728) was an Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat and composer. Biography Steffani was born at Castelfranco Veneto on 25 July 1654. As a boy he was admitted as a chorister at San Marco, Venice. In 1667, ...

takes place in Hannover to inaugurate the new royal theatre in the Leineschloss. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

(February 13, 1688 O.S.) –

William III William III or William the Third may refer to: Kings * William III of Sicily (c. 1186–c. 1198) * William III of England and Ireland or William III of Orange or William II of Scotland (1650–1702) * William III of the Netherlands and Luxembourg ...

and

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife ...

are proclaimed co-rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland. * March 2 –

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

: As French forces leave, they set fire to

Heidelberg Castle Heidelberg Castle (german: Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg. The castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demoli ...

, and the nearby town of Heidelberg. * March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV of France, and refuse to support him. * March 27 – Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic '' Oku no Hosomichi'' ("Narrow Road to the Interior").

April–June

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

– A total

lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow. Such alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, when the Moon's orbital plane is closest to the plane of the Earth ...

is visible in central Asia. * April 11 (O.S.) –

and

are crowned in London as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed. * April 18 ** Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England, and revocation of various colonial charters. ** The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of

Derry Derry, officially Londonderry (), is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest city on the island of Ireland. The name ''Derry'' is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name (modern Irish: ) meaning 'oak grove'. The ...

and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. . *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

(May 1 O.S.) – **The

Battle of Bantry Bay The Battle of Bantry Bay was a naval engagement fought on 11 May 1689, a week before the declaration of the Nine Years' War. The English fleet was commanded by Admiral Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Torrington after the Battle; the French fl ...

begins during the Williamite War in Ireland as the French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English Royal Navy under the Earl of Torrington, and withdraws unpursued. **William and Mary accept the Scottish throne a month after the Scottish Parliament votes to depose King James VII * May 12 –

: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by

, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until

1697 Events January–March * January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy. * January 11 – French writer Charles Perrault releases the book ''Histoires ou ...

. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars (until

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders. *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

– The Bill of Rights establishes constitutional monarchy in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne. Parliament also passes the Act of Toleration, protecting

Protestants Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...

but with

Roman Catholics The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

intentionally excluded. This effectively concludes the

. * May 25 – The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales. * May 31 – Leisler's Rebellion: Calvinist Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the Province of New York. *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

– The

Convention of Estates The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Conven ...

adjourns in Scotland after 11 weeks and its members form a new Scottish parliament. * June 14 – The Duke of Gordon, a Scottish peer and Jacobite supporter, surrenders

Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic castle in Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland. It stands on Castle Rock (Edinburgh), Castle Rock, which has been occupied by humans since at least the Iron Age, although the nature of the early settlement is unclear. ...

to Protestant attackers after holding out for 20 days following the

July–September

* July 25 – The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished. * July 27 –

First Jacobite rising The Glorious Revolution; gd, Rèabhlaid Ghlòrmhor; cy, Chwyldro Gogoneddus , also known as the ''Glorieuze Overtocht'' or ''Glorious Crossing'' in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and ...

: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in

Perthshire Perthshire (locally: ; gd, Siorrachd Pheairt), officially the County of Perth, is a historic county and registration county in central Scotland. Geographically it extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, ...

– Scottish

Covenanter Covenanters ( gd, Cùmhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from ''Covenan ...

supporters of

and

(under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by

Jacobite Jacobite means follower of Jacob or James. Jacobite may refer to: Religion * Jacobites, followers of Saint Jacob Baradaeus (died 578). Churches in the Jacobite tradition and sometimes called Jacobite include: ** Syriac Orthodox Church, sometimes ...

supporters of James II, but the latter's leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed.

Hand grenade A grenade is an explosive weapon typically thrown by hand (also called hand grenade), but can also refer to a shell (explosive projectile) shot from the muzzle of a rifle (as a rifle grenade) or a grenade launcher. A modern hand grenade genera ...

s are used in action. * July 28 – English sailors break through a floating boom across the

River Foyle The River Foyle () is a river in west Ulster in the northwest of the island of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne at the towns of Lifford in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, and Strabane in County Ty ...

, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...

– Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the Dominion of New England, escapes from Boston to Connecticut, but is recaptured. * August 5 –

Beaver Wars The Beaver Wars ( moh, Tsianì kayonkwere), also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars (french: Guerres franco-iroquoises) were a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th century in North America throughout t ...

: Lachine massacre – A force of 1,500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine, New France. * August 12 – Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since

1676 Events January–March * January 29 – Feodor III of Russia, Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia. * January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is fo ...

, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire. * August 20 – A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the

s in Scotland. * August 23 – **Roman Catholic cardinals convene in Rome for a

papal conclave A papal conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop of Rome, also known as the pope. Catholics consider the pope to be the Apostolic succession, apostolic successor of Saint ...

to elect a successor to Pope Innocent XI. The conclave lasts until October 6. **Gravely ill, the Empress Xiaoyiren is proclaimed empress by her husband, China's Emperor Kangxi, after having been Imperial Noble Consort since 1682. She dies the next day. * August 27 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk. * September 8 – The Siege of Mainz (in the modern-day Rheinland-Pfalz state of Germany), which had started on June 1, ends after almost three months, as French General Nicolas Chalon du Blé surrenders the walled city to the armies of Austria and the Dutch Republic. * September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War. * September 24 – The Holy Roman Empire wins the Battle of Niš, fought against the Ottoman Empire during the

Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War (german: Großer Türkenkrieg), also called the Wars of the Holy League ( tr, Kutsal İttifak Savaşları), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Pola ...

in modern-day Serbia. *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

and 29 – A total

is visible in eastern America, western Europe and west Africa.

October–December

* October 6 – The papal conclave in Rome unanimously elects Pietro Vito Ottoboni as the new Pope. Ottoboni takes the name Alexander VIII and succeeds

Pope Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI ( la, Innocentius XI; it, Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 to his death on August 12, 1689. Poli ...

, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years. * October 26 –

Skopje fire of 1689 The fire of Skopje started on 26 October 1689 and lasted for two days, burning much of the city; only some stone-built structures, such as the fortress and some churches and mosques, were relatively undamaged. The fire had a disastrous effect on ...

occurs, lasting for two days and burning much of the city. * November 11 – The Siege of Larache in Morocco ends when the Spanish troops surrender to Mawlay Ismail and the Moroccan forces. * November 22 –

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China. * December 10 – A great comet is visible from Pekin and sightings continue until December 24th, including many sightings from Dutch ships near the equator. * December 16 – Convention Parliament – The English Bill of Rights is officially declared in force. * December 22 – A serious earthquake strikes

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...

, Austria.

Date unknown

plots to overthrow his half-sister

Sophia Sophia means "wisdom" in Greek. It may refer to: *Sophia (wisdom) *Sophia (Gnosticism) *Sophia (given name) Places *Niulakita or Sophia, an island of Tuvalu *Sophia, Georgetown, a ward of Georgetown, Guyana *Sophia, North Carolina, an unincorpor ...

as regent of Russia. * Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle in the north west of England. * The English East India Company expands its influence, and a Committee of the House of Commons is formed to deal with the concerns of the Company. * Valvasor's '' The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola'' is printed in Nuremberg. * The first documented performance of the opera '' Dido and Aeneas'' by

Henry Purcell Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest E ...

takes place at Josias Priest's girls' school in Chelsea, London, with a libretto based on the '' Aeneid by Virgil. * Boston suffers a smallpox epidemic.

Births

Pierre-Joseph_Alary_-_Versailles_MV_2971

Gobert, attributed - Marie Anne de Bourbon, Princess of Condé - Versailles, MV3758

Benzelius, Henric ur 427 porträtter af namnkunniga svenske män och fruntimmer (1847)

Frans_van_Mieris_(II),_by_Jacob_Houbraken

January

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– Robert Murray, Brigadier-General, Scottish soldier, Member of Parliament (d.

1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown, when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River, during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escape ...

) * January 11 –

Charles Parkin Charles Parkin (1689–1765) was an English clergyman and antiquarian. He was rector of Oxburgh in Norfolk, and assisted Francis Blomefield on his history of the county, completing it after Blomefield's death. Life The son of William Parkin of L ...

, English clergyman and antiquarian (d.

1765 Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ru ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

– Giovanni Gaetano Bottari, Italian scholar and critic (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

–

Edmond Jean François Barbier Edmond Jean François Barbier (16 January 1689 – 29 January 1771) was a French jurisconsult of the parliament and author of a historical journal of the time of Louis XV. He was born in Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous ...

, French historian (d.

1771 Events January– March * January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut) Migration is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing Dynasty rule. * January 9 ...

) * January 18 ** Montesquieu, French social commentator and political thinker (d.

1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the ...

) **

Jan Abel Wassenbergh Jan Abel Wassenbergh (18 January 1689, Groningen – ca. 20 July 1750, Groningen), was an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. Biography According to Jan van Gool and the RKD he first studied law and then took drawing lessons ...

, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d.

1750 Various sources, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, use the year 1750 as a baseline year for the end of the pre-industrial era. Events January–March * January 13 – The Treaty of Madrid between Spain ...

) * January 21 – Daniel Henchman, bookseller (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, and restore the Mughal Empire to Shah Alam II. * January 16 – Siege of Pondi ...

) *

–

Philibert Orry Philibert Orry, count of Vignory and lord of La Chapelle-Godefroy (born in Troyes on 22 January 1689 – died at La Chapelle-Godefroy on 9 November 1747), was a French statesman. Life The fifth child of Jean Orry, a leading economist, Philibert ...

, French politician (d.

1747 Events January–March * January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital. * February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II Coul ...

) * January 23 – Joseph Ames, English bibliographer and antiquary (d.

1759 In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War. Events January–March * January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. * January 11 &ndas ...

) * January 24 – Gaspare Diziani, Italian painter (d.

1767 Events January–March * January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...

) * January 29 – James Rait, Bishop of Brechin (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

)

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Thomas Jenner, English academic (d.

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. * February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a spe ...

) *

–

Leonardo Antonio Olivieri Leonardo Antonio Olivieri or Oliviero (February 23, 1689 – June 7, 1752) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque. Biography He initially trained in his native town of Martina Franca in Puglia, under his uncle. He then moved to Naples ...

, Italian painter (d.

1752 In the British Empire, it was the only leap year with 355 days, as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which h ...

) * c.

– Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain (d.

1717 Events January–March * January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart. * Ja ...

) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

** Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer (d.

) ** John Roosevelt, American businessman and alderman (d.

) ** Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble (d.

1709 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John' ...

)

March

* March 3 – Thomas Ingoldsby, British politician (d.

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

–

Charles-Michel Mesaiger Charles-Michel Mesaiger (7 March 1689 – 7 August 1766) was a French Jesuit priest who spent some time in missionary work in present-day Canada. Mesaiger arrived in Canada in 1722 and spent a number of years in the mission to the Ottawas at ...

, Jesuit priest (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * January 14 – Chr ...

) * March 11 ** Roger Handasyd, British Army officer (d.

) ** Nanbu Toshimoto, mid-Edo period Japanese samurai, the 6th daimyō of Morioka Domain (d.

1725 Events January–March * January 15 – James Macrae, a former captain of a freighter for the British East India Company, is hired by the Company to administer the Madras Presidency (at the time, the "Presidency of Fort St. Ge ...

) * March 19 – Pierre-Joseph Alary, French ecclesiastic and writer (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...

) * March 20 – Thomas Robie, Colonial American scientist and physician (d.

1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...

) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

–

Peder Hersleb Peder Hersleb (25 March 1689 – 4 April 1757) was a Norwegian-Danish clergyman and Bishop. Biography Hersleb was born in Steinkjer in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, the son of Christopher Hersleb and Sophie Borch. He became a student at Trondhe ...

, Norwegian bishop (d.

1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt ...

) * March 26 – Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria, Austrian Royal (d.

1743 Events January–March * January 1 – The Verendrye brothers, probably Louis-Joseph and François de La Vérendrye, become the first white people to see the Rocky Mountains from the eastern side (the Spanish conquistadors ...

)

April

* April 2 – Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician, governor of the Province of North Carolina (d.

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– William Holmes, English academic and Dean of Exeter (d.

1748 Events January–March * January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore. * January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 prison ...

) * April 14 – William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader (d.

1746 Events January–March * January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland. * January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces. * February 1 ...

) * April 15 – Richard Ward, American colonial governor (d.

) * April 18 –

Marie Anne de Bourbon Marie Anne de Bourbon, ''Légitimée de France','' born Marie Anne de La Blaume Le Blanc, by her marriage Princess of Conti then Princess Dowager of Conti, ''suo jure'' Duchess of La Vallière and of Vaujours (2 October 1666 – 3 May 1739) ...

, French noble (d.

1720 Events January–March * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal for England. * January 21 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War). * February 17 – The Treaty of ...

) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

–

Johann Jakob Fried Johann Jakob Fried (21 April 1689, Strasbourg – 3 September 1769, Strasbourg) was a German obstetrician. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of German midwifery".1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...

) * April 24 –

Giovanni Antonio Faldoni Giovanni Antonio Faldoni (24 April 1689 – ) was an Italian painter and engraver, citizen of the Republic of Venice. He was born in Asolo, province of Treviso, and was active in Venice. He trained under a landscape painter named Antonio Lucian ...

, Italian painter and engraver (d.

) * April 30 – Jean-Jacques Amelot de Chaillou, French politician (d.

1749 Events January–March * January 3 ** Benning Wentworth issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont. ** The first issue of ''Berlingske'', Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, ...

)

May

* May 1 –

Martha Fowke Martha Fowke, later Martha Sansom, (1 May 1689 – 1736) was an English poet associated chiefly with the circle about Aaron Hill. She was the daughter of Major Thomas Fowke, an army officer murdered in 1708,Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and ...

, English poet (d.

1736 Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the first Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of Pol ...

) * May 2 – Franz de Paula Ferg, Austrian painter (d.

1740 Events January–March * January 8 – All 237 crewmen on the Dutch East India Company ship ''Rooswijk'' are drowned, when the vessel strikes the shoals of Goodwin Sands, off of the coast of England, as it is beginning its secon ...

) * May 5 – John Tufts, American minister and music educator (d.

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

–

José Manso de Velasco, 1st Count of Superunda José Antonio Manso de Velasco y Sánchez de Samaniego, KOS ( es, José Antonio Manso de Velasco y Sánchez de Samaniego, primer Conde de Superunda) (May 10, 1689 – Jan 5, 1767) was a Spanish soldier and politician who served as governor of C ...

, Royal Governor of Chile (d.

) *

– Heinrich Karl Ludwig de Herault, Prussian Army general (d.

) * May 15 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, writer and poet from England (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples. * January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick t ...

) *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

–

Samuel Adams Sr. Samuel Adams Sr. (1689–1748) was an American brewer, father of American Founding Father Samuel Adams, and first cousin once removed of John Adams. Biography He was born in Boston, on May 16, 1689 to Captain John Adams and Hannah Adams (nee Webb) ...

, American brewer (d.

) * May 21 –

André-François Deslandes André-François Boureau-Deslandes (21 May 1689 – 11 April 1757) was a French philosopher. Deslandes has been viewed as an important precursor of the ''Encyclopédistes''. He was appointed Commissioner of the Port of Brest in 1716, was a corresp ...

, French philosopher (d.

) *

– Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, British politician (d.

1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein (27 May 1689, Moravia – 5 January 1753, Salzburg) was successor to Prince-Archbishop Liechtenstein and ruled in Salzburg from 1747 to 1753, shortly before the birth of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Biography Early li ...

, Archbishop of Salzburg (d.

1753 Events January–March * January 3 – King Binnya Dala of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom orders the burning of Ava, the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma. * January 29 – After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns ...

) * May 28 – Maximilian of Hesse-Kassel, German prince (d.

) * May 29 – Louis de Gramont, 6th Duke of Gramont, French general (d.

1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavaria ...

)

June

* June 1 –

Henri François, comte de Ségur Henri François, comte de Ségur, baron de Romainville et de Ponchat, seigneur de Fougueyrolles (1 June 1689 – 18 June 1751) was a French military general. Family background He was the son of Henri Joseph, comte de Ségur (1661–1737), mi ...

, French general (d.

1751 In Britain and its colonies (except Scotland), 1751 only had 282 days due to the British Calendar Act of 1751, which ended the year on 31 December (rather than nearly three months later according to its previous rule). Events January&nd ...

) * June 2 – Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, British politician, bibliophile, collector and patron of the arts (d.

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

– Algernon Coote, 6th Earl of Mountrath, Irish politician (d.

1744 Events January–March * January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued. * January 24 – The Dag ...

) * June 7 – Antoine Louis Rouillé, French noble (d.

) * June 12 – Sir Richard Grosvenor, 4th Baronet, British politician; (d.

1732 Events January–March * January 21 – Russia and Persia sign the Treaty of Riascha at Resht. Based on the terms of the agreement, Russia will no longer establish claims over Persian territories. * February 9 – The Swedish ...

) * June 19 – Montague Blundell, 1st Viscount Blundell, Irish Viscount (d.

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Kingdom of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain. *February 7 & ...

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

–

George Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull George Henry Hay, 8th Earl of Kinnoull (23 June 1689 – 28 July 1758), styled as Viscount Dupplin from 1709 to 1719, was a British peer and diplomat. He was the eldest son of Thomas Hay, 7th Earl of Kinnoull and Elizabeth, daughter of Will ...

, British diplomat (d.

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * June 24 – Giovanni Casini, Portrait painter and sculptor (d.

) * June 26 ** Edward Holyoke, American academic administrator, 9th president of Harvard (d.

) ** James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater, English noble (d.

1716 Events January–March * January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding ...

)

July

* July 6 – Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein, Roman Catholic archbishop (d.

) *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

– Alexis Piron, French writer (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as ''Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Bucking ...

) * July 14 – Antoine Gaubil, French missionary (d.

) * July 15 – Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu (d.

) * July 16 – Samuel Molyneux, Irish politician (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) * July 17 –

Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels Christian of Hesse-Wanfried-Rheinfels (17 July 1689 in Wanfried – 21 October 1755 in Eschwege) was a son of Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Wanfried (1649–1711) and his second wife, Countess Alexandrine Juliane of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1651–17 ...

(d.

) * July 21 – John Quincy, American soldier and politician (d.

) * July 22 – Szymon Czechowicz, Polish artist (d.

) * July 24 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne (d.

1700 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 19), where then Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 17 ...

) * July 26 –

Maria Anna Josepha Althann Maria Anna Josepha Althann (26 July 1689 - 1 March 1755) was a politically active Austrian countess. She was born as Donna Maria Anna Giuseppina Pignatelli di San Vicente. She was married Count Johann Michael von Althann, the favorite of Charles ...

, Spanish noble (d.

)

August

* August 1 –

Pedro de Calatayud Pedro de Calatayud (1 August 1689 in Navarre, Spain – 27 February 1773 in Bologna, Papal States) was a Jesuit missionary A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote it ...

, writer (d.

) * August 3 – Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny, Marshal of France (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) * August 4 – James Cotter the Younger, Leader of the Catholics of Cork (d.

) * August 7 –

Henric Benzelius Henrik Benzelius (7 August 1689 in Strängnäs – 20 May 1758) was Bishop of Lund from 1744 to 1747, and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1747 to his death. Biography He was predeceased as Archbishop of Uppsala by his fath ...

, Swedish archbishop (d.

) * August 8 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech painter (d.

) * August 19 – Samuel Richardson, English writer and printer (d.

) *

–

Josep Prades i Gallent Josep Prades i Gallent ( es, José Pradas Gallén) (1689–1757; born and died in Villahermosa del Río, Castelló) was a Spanish organist and composer at Valencia Cathedral during the Baroque period. Life By 1700 Prades was singing in the ...

, Organist and composer (d.

)

September

* September 1 ** Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Czech architect (d.

) ** Philipp Segesser, Swiss missionary (d.

) * September 4 ** Hugh Bethell, British Member of Parliament (d.

) ** Thomas Lawrence, American mayor (d.

1754 Events January–March * January 28 – Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word ''serendipity''. * February 22 – Expecting an attack by Portuguese-speaking militias in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Pla ...

) **

Anna Sophie Schack Anna Sophie Schack (4 September 1689 - September 28, 1760), was a Danish noble and landlord. Biography Anna Sophie von Rantzau was born in Hamburg. She was the daughter of secretary and land minister Christian von Rantzau (1649-1704) and Margr ...

, Danish noblewoman (d.

1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the Fr ...

) * September 13 –

Johan Fredrik Peringskiöld Johan Fredrik Peringskiöld (13 September 1689 – 2 March 1720) was a Swedish translator. Johan was born in Stockholm, studied at Uppsala and was appointed as the successor of his father Johan Peringskiöld in 1712 as "translator antiquitatum ...

, Swedish translator (d.

) *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– Ferdinand Charles, comte d'Aspremont-Lynden, army general (d.

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...

) * September 18 – Gabriel Malagrida, Italian missionary (d.

) * September 21 – Jan Klemens Branicki, Polish noble (d.

) * September 22 – Catharina Backer, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d.

) *

September 23 Events Pre-1600 * 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified. * 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat ...

–

Antonio Denzio Antonio Denzio (23 September 1689 – after 1763) was an Italian impresario, tenor, and librettist. Born in Venice to a family of musicians and operatic personnel, he pursued a career mainly as a singer until 1724, when he traveled to Bohemia as a ...

, Italian opera singer (d.

) * September 24 – Johann Adam Steinmetz, German pastor (d.

) * September 26 –

Nijō Yoshitada , son of regent Nijō Tsunahira, was a Japanese ''kugyō'' (court noble) of the Edo period. He held a regent position kampaku from 1736 to 1737. He married a daughter of the fourth head of Kaga Domain Maeda Tsunanori. Nijō Munehira was his son. ...

, Japanese noble (d.

1737 Events January–March * January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parma an ...

) * September 27 – Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby, English noble and politician (d.

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

) * September 29 – Henry Perrot, British Member of Parliament (d.

) * September 30 – Jacques Aubert, French composer and violinist (d.

)

October

* October 10 –

Francesco Maria Pratilli Francesco Maria Pratilli (16891763) was an Italian priest, scholar, antiquarian, whose name is known, from the 19th century, for being involved in a vast series of skilled forgeries. Life and works Born in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Santa Maria in � ...

, Italian priest, antiquarian, famed for skilled forgeries (d.

) *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

– Nicolas-Ignace de Beaubois, French missionary (d.

) * October 22 ** King John V of Portugal, Portuguese king (d.

) **

Matthew Skinner Matthew Skinner (22 October 1689 – 21 October 1749) was an English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician who sat in the British House of Commons, House of Commons from 1734 to 1738. Life A great-grandson of Bishop Robert Skinner (bishop), Rober ...

, English serjeant-at-law, judge and politician (d.

) * October 29 – Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo (d.

1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ref ...

) * October 31 – Mildmay Fane, British politician (d.

1715 Events For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire i ...

)

November

* November 2 ** Michael Cox, Anglican archbishop in Ireland (d.

1779 Events January–March * January 11 – British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773. * January 11 – Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manip ...

) ** Charles-François Panard, French chansonnier and poet (d.

) ** Joan Paul Schaghen, Dutch governor (d.

) * November 3 ** Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer (d.

1742 Events January–March * January 9 – Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his for ...

) **

John Crowley John Crowley may refer to: *John Crowley (Irish revolutionary) (1891-1942), Irish revolutionary and hunger striker *John Crowley (author) (born 1942), American author *John Crowley (baseball) (1862–1896), American Major League catcher *John Crowl ...

, British Member of Parliament (d.

) * November 4 – Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Louriçal, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d.

) * November 6 ** Reynolds Calthorpe, politician (d.

1714 Events January–March * January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment. * Feb ...

) **

Christoph Schütz Christoph Schütz (6 November 1689 in Umstadt, Germany - 4 January 1750 in Bad Homburg, Germany) was a pietist writer and a songbook publisher. Schütz's book, ''Die Güldene Rose. . . von der Wiederbringung Aller Dinge'' (The Golden Rose . . . o ...

, German theologian (d.

) * November 8 – Henry XXXV, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d.

) * November 17 –

Jean François Foppens Jean François Foppens, sometimes Latinized Johannes Franciscus Foppens (1689–1761), was a Belgian ecclesiastical historian, and literary biographer and bibliographer. He is best known for his ''Bibliotheca belgica, sive virorum in Belgio vita s ...

, Flemish historian (d.

) *

November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...

– Jacques I, Prince of Monaco, Prince consort of Monaco (d.

) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

–

Johann Theodor Eller Johann Theodor Eller (von Brockhausen) (29 November 1689 – 13 September 1760) was a German physician, mineralogist and chemist who served in the Prussian court. Eller followed the beliefs of the day that heat was an element. Lavoisier read his w ...

, German chemist and physician (d.

) * November 30 ** Lars Gathenhielm, Swedish privateer (d.

1718 Events January – March * January 7 – In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discus ...

) **

Joseph Wamps Bernard-Joseph Wamps (30 November 1689, Lille - 9 August 1744, Lille) was a French painter; mostly of religious subjects. Biography His father was listed in the "Registre aux Bourgeois" and he received his first lessons in his hometown from ...

, French painter (d.

)

December

* December 1 –

Hieronymus Albrecht Hass Hieronymus Albrecht Hass (variants Haas, Hasse, Hase, Hasch) (1 December 1689 – 19 June 1752) (dates of baptism and burial) was a German harpsichord and clavichord maker. He was the father of Johann Adolph Hass, who also made harpsichords and c ...

, harpsichord maker (d.

) * December 4 –

Gottfried Lengnich Gottfried Lengnich ( pl, Gotfryd Lengnich) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician. He became known for writing the 9-volume ''History of Royal Prussia'' and for teaching Stanisław August Poniatow ...

, historian and politician (d.

1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...

) * December 8 – Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Titular margrave of Brandenburg, imperial general (d.

1734 Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Province of Georgia, Georgia in North America ...

) * December 11 –

Ignatius van der Beken Ignatius van der Beken (11 December 1689, Antwerp - 7 June 1774, Antwerp), was a Flemish genre, portrait and still life painter. He was a court painter of Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...

) * December 14 –

Agostino Veracini (Niccolò) Agostino Veracini (14 December 1689 – 18 November 1762) was an Italian painter and engraver. He was the second son of Benedetto Veracini, also a painter. Agostino was the cousin of Francesco Maria Veracini, the violinist and compos ...

, Italian painter (d.

) * December 21 – Arthur Ingram, 6th Viscount of Irvine, British peer and politician (d.

) * December 23 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d.

) * December 24 – Frans van Mieris the Younger, Dutch painter (d.

) * December 27 – Jacob August Franckenstein, Encyclopedia editor, professor (d.

1733 Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for ...

)

Deaths

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Johannes_Priwitzer_Conyers_Darcy_1st_Earl_of_Holderness

January

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

** Cristoforo Ivanovich, Venetian historian and librettist of Serb origin (b.

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

) ** Bishop Seth Ward, Bishop of Salisbury, mathematician and astronomer (b.

1617 Events January–June * February 27 – The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia. Sweden gains Ingria and Kexholm. * April 14 – Second Battle of Playa Honda: The Spanish navy defeats a Dutch f ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

– Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician (b.

1632 Events January–March * January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month. * February 22 – Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' is pub ...

) *

– Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare, English politician (b.

1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...

) * January 18 **

Ernest Günther I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg Ernest Günther I of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (14 October 1609 – 18 January 1689) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein of its Sonderborg line. He was the first to have his ducal seat in Augustenborg Palace, which he built and ...

(b.

1609 Events January–June * January – The Basque witch trials begin. * January 15 – One of the world's first newspapers, ''Avisa Relation oder Zeitung'', begins publication in Wolfenbüttel (Holy Roman Empire). * January 3 ...

) ** Humphrey Lloyd, British bishop (b.

1610 Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...

) * January 24 – Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave, English peer and Jacobite supporter (b.

1661 Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British ...

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

Robert Aske Robert Aske may refer to: * Robert Aske (political leader) (1500–1537), leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace, against the dissolution of the monasteries *Robert Aske (merchant) Robert Aske (24 February 1619 – 27 January 1689) was a merchant an ...

, merchant & haberdasher in the City of London (b.

1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Co ...

) ** Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b.

1638 Events January–March * January 4 – **A naval battle takes place in the Indian Ocean off of the coast of Goa at South India as a Netherlands fleet commanded by Admiral Adam Westerwolt decimates the Portuguese fleet. **A fleet of 80 ...

) ** Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, English noble and colonial governor of Virginia (b.

1635 Events January–March * January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy. * January 25 ...

) * January 28 –

Bernardino Corniani Bernardino Corniani (1626–1689) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pula (1664–1689). ''(in Latin)'' ''(in Latin)'' Biography Bernardino Corniani was born in Venice, Italy. On 11 Feb 1664, he was appointed by Pope Alexander ...

, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Pula (b.

1626 Events January–March * January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army. * January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...

) * January 29 –

Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer, also known as Maria van Rensselaer (July 20, 1645 – January 29, 1689,) was the Dutch administrator and treasurer of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, now Albany, New York. Early life Maria van Cortlandt was born ...

, Dutch director of Rensselaerswyck (Albany, New York) (b.

1645 Events January–March * January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the ''Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...

) * January 31 – Manuel de Herrera, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Durango (b.

)

February

– Sir John Borlase, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b.

1642 Events January–March * January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. * February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

–

Moshe ben Yonatan Galante Moshe ben Yonatan Galante (1621 – 4 February 1689 Jerusalem), grandson of Moshe Galante, was a 17th-century rabbi at Jerusalem. He served as the first Rishon Le'Zion and was called ''Magen'' (מגן) with reference to the initials of his name. ...

, Ottoman rabbi (b.

1621 Events January–March * January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be rui ...

) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

–

William Coddington Jr. William Coddington Jr. (18 January 1651 – 5 February 1689) was an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, serving two consecutive terms from 1683 to 1685. Biography Coddington was the son of William Coddington ...

, Rhode Island colonial governor (b.

1651 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile ...

) * February 6 – Metcalfe Robinson, English politician (b. 1629) * February 8 – Sir John Gell, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1613) * February 12 – Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain as the wife of King Charles II (b. 1662) * February 13 – Carlo Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1622) * February 18 – Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, Spanish politician and military personnel (b.

) * February 19 – Khushal Khattak, Afghan poet (b. 1613) * February 21 – Isaac Vossius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1618) * February 22 – Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (b. 1618) * February 24 – Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (b.

) * February 28 – Thomas Benedict, American settler (b.

)

March

– Franz Johann von Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, Bishop of Constance (b. 1611) * March 8 – Alexander Parker (Quaker), Alexander Parker, British minister (b.

) * March 9 – François Adhémar de Monteil, French priest, Bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (b. 1603) * March 10 – Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1620) * March 11 ** Kim Ik-hun, Korean General and philosopher, solder, politician (b.

) ** Sambhaji, High Protector of the Maratha Empire (b. 1657) * March 14 – Anthony Coucheron, Norwegian engineer (b. 1650) * March 15 – Yolo (prince), Yolo, Qing dynasty prince (b. 1625) * March 18 – John Dixwell, regicide (b. 1607) * March 24 ** Thomas Ballard, American politician (b. 1630) ** Michiel ten Hove, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. 1640) * March 26 – Gabriel Milan, Governor of the Danish West Indies (b. 1631) * March 29 – Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (b.

) * March 30 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (b. 1634) * March 31 – Tommaso Caracciolo (bishop of Gerace), Tommaso Caracciolo, Bishop of Gerace (b. 1640)

April

– Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (b. 1654) * April 12 – John Hunting (settler), John Hunting, first ruling elder of the church of Dedham, Massachusetts (b. 1602) * April 14 – Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, Italian noble (b. 1637) * April 16 – Aphra Behn, British playwright, poet and spy (b. 1640) * April 18 – George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge, aka the Hanging Judge (b.

) * April 19 – Christina, Queen of Sweden, ruled from 1632 until abdication in 1654 (b.

) * April 22 – Thomas Proby, English politician (b.

)

May

– Charles Goodall (poet), Charles Goodall, English poet (b. 1671) * May 12 – Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, English politician and diarist (b. 1634) * May 15 – Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1618) * May 20 – Estevão Brioso de Figueiredo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Funchal of Olinda (b. 1630) * May 23 – Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar, Scottish noble (b. 1650) * May 25 – Charles Errard, French painter (b. 1606)

June

* June 4 – René Gaultier de Varennes, New France governor (b.

) * June 7 – Alphonse de Berghes, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1624) * June 8 – Decio Azzolino, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1623) * June 9 – François Bonnemer, French painter and engraver (b.

) * June 10 – Christophe Veyrier, sculptor (b. 1637) * June 13 – William Annand (minister), William Annand, Minister of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England (b.

) * June 14 – Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness, English noble (b. 1598) * June 17 ** Jan Baptist de Crépu, Flemish painter and army officer (b. 1631) ** Marcin Zamoyski, Polish noble (b. 1637) * June 20 ** Willem Coucheron, Dutch general in the Dano-Norwegian army (b. 1600) ** Richard Sherlock (priest), Richard Sherlock, English Anglican priest (b. 1612) * June 21 – Thomas Blanchet, French painter (b. 1614) * June 25 – William Thomas (bishop of Worcester), William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop (b. 1613) * June 27 – Richard Waldron, colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire (b. 1615) * June 28 – Thomas Mainwaring, English politician (b. 1623)

July

* July 1 – Anne Crawford-Lindsay, Scottish nobility (b. 1631) * July 2 – Edward Villiers (1620–1689), Edward Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham (b. 1620) * July 7 – Princess Louise of Savoy, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden (b. 1627) * July 8 ** Menahem Mendel Auerbach, Austrian banker and rabbi (b. 1620) ** Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622) * July 19 – Song Si-yeol, Korean philosopher (b. 1607) * July 23 – Frederick Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg, German noble (b. 1665) * July 27 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (b. 1648)

August

* August 6 – Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1636) * August 9 – Dionisio Lazzari, Italian sculptor and architect (b.

) * August 12 –

, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1611) * August 13 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1636) * August 15 – John Gregory (settler), John Gregory, Connecticut settler (b. 1612) * August 17 ** William Boynton, English politician (b. 1641) ** Thomas Street (astronomer), Thomas Street, astronomer (b.

) * August 20 – Antonio Marinari, Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Ostia-Velletri, Titular Bishop of Thagaste (b. 1605) *

– William Cleland (poet), William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier (b. c.

) * August 28 ** Claude-Jean Allouez, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America (b. 1622) ** Alexander Coosemans, Flemish still life painter (b. 1627) * August 29 – Curwen Rawlinson (MP), Curwen Rawlinson, English politician (b. 1641) * August 30 – John Lake (bishop), John Lake, English bishop (b. 1624)

September

* September 6 – Torii Tadanori, Daimyo who ruled the Takatō Domain in Shinano Province (b. 1646) * September 9 – Jane Lane, Lady Fisher, English Royalist (b.

) * September 10 – John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, English politician and noble (b. 1614) * September 13 – Ciro Ferri, Italian painter, engraver, sculptor and architect (b. 1634) * September 15 ** Balthasar Cellarius, German theologian (b. 1614) ** Timoléon Cheminais de Montaigu, French theologian (b. 1652) * September 18 – Sir Richard Head, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1600) * September 26 – August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1652) * September 30 – Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble (b. 1641)

October

* October 1 – Alexander Voet the Elder, Flemish engraver (b. 1608) * October 4 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (b.

) * October 11 – Fyodor Shaklovity, Russian diplomat (b. 1640) * October 13 – George Ent, English scientist and physician; (b. 1604) * October 14 – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince (b. 1629) *

– Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1650) * October 24 – Stephan Farffler, German inventor (b.

) * October 25 – Joseph Maynard, English politician (b. 1639) * October 30 – Pier Antonio Capobianco, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lacedonia (b.

)

November

* November 9 – Enea Silvio Piccolomini (general), Enea Silvio Piccolomini, imperial general (b.

) * November 12 – Justus de Verwer, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1625) * November 13 ** Matteo Borboni, Italian painter (b.

) ** Philipp von Zesen, German poet (b.

) * November 16 – Cornelis Mahu, Flemish painter (b. 1613) * November 18 – Jacob van der Ulft, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b.

) * November 19 – Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman; (b.

) * November 20 – Samuel Peterson, American city founder (b. 1639) * November 24 – Carey Dillon, 5th Earl of Roscommon, Irish nobleman and professional soldier (b. 1627) * November 26 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (b.

)

December

* December 2 – George Speke, English politician (b. 1623) * December 6 – Pjetër Bogdani, Albanian priest and writer (b. c. 1630) * December 12 – Louis Ferdinand Elle the Elder, French painter (b. 1612) * December 15 – Anne Neville (abbess), Anne Neville, abbess of Pontoise (b. 1605) * December 16 ** Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor (b.

) ** Thomas Wyndham (of Witham Friary), Thomas Wyndham, English Member of Parliament (b. 1640) * December 25 – Oliver Montagu, English Member of Parliament (b. 1655) * December 27 – Gervase Bryan, English clergyman (b. 1622) * December 28 – Pietro Montanini, Italian painter (b.

) * December 29 ** Olfert Dapper, Dutch physician and writer (b. 1636) ** George Kinnaird, 1st Lord Kinnaird, Scottish aristocrat (b. 1622) ** Françoise Bertaut de Motteville, French writer (b.

) ** Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624) * December 31 ** Felipe Fernandez de Pardo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Manila (b. 1611) ** Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1613) ** Anders Sinclair, Scottish soldier who joined Swedish service during the Thirty Years' War (b. 1614)

References

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