Events

January–March

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

– The

Royal African Company The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English mercantile (trade, trading) company set up in 1660 by the royal House of Stuart, Stuart family and City of London merchants to trade along the West Africa, west coast of Africa. It was led by the J ...

is granted a Royal Charter by

Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest surviving child of ...

. * January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal Empire and the independent Ahom Kingdom (in what is now the Assam state), with the Mughals ending their occupation of the Ahom capital of

Garhgaon Gargaon (Pron:/gɑ:ˈgɑ̃ʊ/) is a town in Assam, India and was the capital of the Ahom kingdom for many years. It was built by the Ahom king Suklenmung (Gargoyaan Rojaa) in 1540. It is said that the capital was built at the suggestion of ...

, in return for payment by Ahom in silver and gold for costs of the occupation, and King

Sutamla Sutamla (1648–1663) Jayadhwaj Singha was the 20th Ahom Dynasty, king of the Ahom kingdom. During his reign the Mughal viceroy at Bengal Mir Jumla II invaded and occupied his capital Garhgaon as a result of which he had to retreat to the N ...

of Ahom sending one of his daughters to be part of the harem of Mughal Emperor

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

- A magnitude 7.3 to 7.9 earthquake hits Canada's

Quebec Province Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirteen p ...

. * February 8 – English pirates led by Christopher Myngs and

Edward Mansvelt Edward Mansvelt or Mansfield (fl. 1659-1666) was a 17th-century Dutch corsair and buccaneer who, at one time, was acknowledged as an informal chieftain of the "Brethren of the Coast". He was the first to organise large scale raids against Spanis ...

carry out the sack of Campeche in Mexico, looting the town during a two week occupation that ends on February 23. * February 10 – The army of the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand) captures

Chiang Mai Chiang Mai (, from th, เชียงใหม่ , nod, , เจียงใหม่ ), sometimes written as Chiengmai or Chiangmai, is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the second largest city in ...

from the Kingdom of Burma (now

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

), using it as a base for launching a larger attack on the Burmese coast in November. * March 4 – The Prince Edward Islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean are discovered by Barent Barentszoon Lam, of the Dutch ship ''Maerseveen'', and named ''Dina'' (Prince Edward) and ''Maerseveen'' (Marion). *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

–

Emperor Go-Sai , also known as , was the 111th emperor of Japan, Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 後西天皇 (111)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 116. Go-Sai ...

's reign ends, and

Emperor Reigen was the 112th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 霊元天皇 (112)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 117. Reigen's reign spanned t ...

ascends to the throne of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. * March 24 – King

issues the Charter of Carolina, establishing the

Province of Carolina Province of Carolina was a province of England (1663–1707) and Great Britain (1707–1712) that existed in North America and the Caribbean from 1663 until partitioned into North and South on January 24, 1712. It is part of present-day Alaba ...

, and dividing it between eight Lords Proprietors.

April–June

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

– The Ottoman Empire declares war against

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; hu, I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria An ...

, beginning the Austro-Turkish War. * May 7 – The King's Theatre, now called "Drury Lane", opens in London. * June 7 – Under the pretext of working out a treaty with Dutch settlers in the colony of New Netherland, the Esopus tribe of the

Delaware people The Lenape (, , or Lenape , del, Lënapeyok) also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. Their historical territory inclu ...

enter the fortress at Wiltwijck (now the U.S. city of Kingston, New York) and stage a surprise attack. Unbeknownst to the Wiltwijck residents, another group of Esopus warriors had destroyed the village of Nieu Dorp (now

Hurley, New York Hurley is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 6,178 at the 2020 census. The town is in the northeastern part of the county, west of the city of Kingston. Much of the town is inside the Catskill Park. Located wi ...

) earlier in the day. The episode begins the Second Esopus War. * June 8 – The Portuguese and some English auxiliaries defeat the Spanish Army in the Battle of Ameixial.

July–September

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese ...

– King Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter for the American colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. * July 19 – Acting as intermediaries between the Dutch and Esopus war parties, a group of three

Mohawk Indians The Mohawk people ( moh, Kanienʼkehá꞉ka) are the most easterly section of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy. They are an Iroquoian-speaking Indigenous people of North America, with communities in southeastern Canada and northern Ne ...

obtain the release of the first four hostages who had been taken hostage in the Esopus attack on Wildwyck, two women and two children. Captain Martin Kregier
"Journal of the Second Eposus War"
(1663), translated by HudsonRiverValley.org, archived by The Wayback Machine * July 27 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for the

American colonies The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies, the Thirteen American Colonies, or later as the United Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centur ...

have to be sent in English ships from English ports. * August 15 – Oratam, leader of the Hackensack tribe of the

Lenape nation The Lenape (, , or Lenape , del, Lënapeyok) also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. Their historical territory includ ...

, meets in

New Amsterdam New Amsterdam ( nl, Nieuw Amsterdam, or ) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The initial trading ''factory'' gave rise ...

(now New York City) with Weswatewchy, Memshe and Wemessamy, three chiefs of the Monsiyok tribe, to ask for the Hackensacks to supply a cannon to defend their fort, and to confirm that the Monsiyok are not allied with the other major division of the Lenape, the Esopus tribe. *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– Concerned about the wintry weather, the Parliament of England holds an intercessory fast. * August 28 – In an unseasonably cold summer, severe frost hits England. Naval Ensign of Sweden

* September 5 – Dutch Captain Martin Kregier and Lieutenant Couwenhoven lead an attack against the Esopus Indians from the right and Lieutenant Stilwil and Ensign Niessen the left wing. In the battle, near what is now Mamakating, New York, Chief Papequanaehen and 14 other Esopus warriors are killed, along with seven civilians; three Dutch soldiers are killed, but 23 Dutch prisoners are rescued. * September 8 – Diego de Salcedo becomes the new

Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-General of the Philippines (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Gobernador y Capitán General de Filipinas''; Filipino language, Filipino: ''Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas/Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas''; Japanese language, Japanese: ) was ...

, replacing Sabiniano Manrique de Lara, who had served for more than 10 years. Salcedo is overthrown in 1668. * September 13 – **The Gloucester County Conspiracy, the first

slave rebellion A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by enslaved people, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of enslaved people have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery or have practiced slavery in the past. A desire for freedo ...

in British North America, is foiled after one of the plotters, John Birkenhead, reveals the plan of African slaves and English indentured servants to kill their masters. Birkenhead is freed by his master as a reward for betraying the rebels. **After a siege of more than a month, the Hungarian fortress at Érsekújvár (now Nové Zámky in Slovakia) surrenders to the Ottoman Empire. In accordance with the treaty of surrender negotiated by the Hungarian commander, Count

Ádám Forgách Count Ádám Forgách de Ghymes et Gács ( sk, Adam Forgáč; 1601 – 10 June 1681) was a Hungarian soldier and magnate in the Kingdom of Hungary, who served as Judge Royal from 13 October 1670 until his death. He was the eldest son of Baro ...

, the European residents are allowed free passage to Austria, and the Ottoman Grand Vizier, Fazil Ahmed Pasha provides a document certifying that the fort's defenders fought bravely.

October–December

* October 12 – The

Farnley Wood Plot The Farnley Wood Plot was a conspiracy in Yorkshire, England in October 1663. Intended as a major rising to overturn the return to monarchy in 1660, it was undermined by informers, and came to nothing. The major plotters were Joshua Greathead a ...

, a conspiracy in the English county of West Yorkshire to overthrow the recently-restored monarchy and to return to the military rule that had been established by the late Oliver Cromwell, fails when only 26 men gather at Farnley. The group is arrested and 21 of the rebels are later executed for treason. * October 16 – With 2,000 men under his command, Petar Zrinski, the Viceroy of Croatia within the Holy Roman Empire, defeats a much larger force of 8,000 Ottoman soldiers in the

Battle at Jurjeve Stijene The Battle at Jurjeve Stijene ( hr, Bitka kod Jurjevih Stijena) was fought on 16 October 1663 at a canyon near Otočac in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia between the forces of Petar Zrinski, at the time captain of Senj, Ogulin and Primorje, and t ...

, near the modern town of Otočac. The Croatians lose 10 soldiers killed; the Ottoman invasion force suffers over 1,500 deaths. * November 6 – The Kingdom of Sweden adopts a law creating the flag in use in the nation now, a yellow Nordic cross on a blue background. The original version, used as a state flag and on ships, had three pennants. *

November 19 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 636 – The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle o ...

– Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy is appointed by King Louis XIV of Frances as the new Governor General of the French West Indies as the colonies of

Saint-Domingue Saint-Domingue () was a French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1659 to 1804. The name derives from the Spanish main city in the island, Santo Domingo, which came to refer ...

Saint Martin Saint Martin may refer to: People * Saint Martin of Tours (c. 316–397), Bishop of Tours, France * Saint Martin of Braga (c. 520–580), archbishop of Bracara Augusta in Gallaecia (now Braga in Portugal) * Pope Martin I (598–655) * Saint Mart ...

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

Dominica Dominica ( or ; Kalinago: ; french: Dominique; Dominican Creole French: ), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically ...

, Saint Barthélemy, and Saint Croix are put under a unified rule for the colonies in the Caribbean Sea for the first time since 1651. * November 24 – The General Court of Commissioners for Rhode Island and Providence Plantations convenes for the final time, meeting in

Newport Newport most commonly refers to: *Newport, Wales *Newport, Rhode Island, US Newport or New Port may also refer to: Places Asia *Newport City, Metro Manila, a Philippine district in Pasay Europe Ireland *Newport, County Mayo, a town on the ...

to formally receive the Rhode Island Royal Charter issued on July 8 by King Charles II. * December 12 – The Dutch Republic prohibits practice of the common law custom of ''

jus naufragii The ''jus naufragii'' (right of shipwreck), sometimes ''lex naufragii'' (law of shipwreck), was a medieval custom (never actually a law) which allowed the inhabitants or lord of a territory to seize all that washed ashore from the wreck of a ship ...

'', the doctrine that permitted people to seize property that had washed ashore on their land after a shipwreck. *

December 17 Events Pre-1600 * 497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome. * 546 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. * 920 – Romanos I Lekap ...

– Queen Ana Nzinga of the

Kingdom of Ndongo The Kingdom of Ndongo, formerly known as Angola or Dongo, was an early-modern African state located in what is now Angola. The Kingdom of Ndongo is first recorded in the sixteenth century. It was one of multiple vassal states to Kongo, though ...

and the Kingdom of Matamba, both located in the northern part of what is now the

Republic of Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

in Africa, dies after a 39-year reign in Ndongo and 32 years after conquering Matamba. She is succeeded by her sister, Barbara Mukambu Mbandi, who rules for less than three years. * December 27 – Jacob Hustaert becomes the new

Governor of Dutch Ceylon The following is a list of governors of Dutch Ceylon. The Dutch arrived on the island of Ceylon on 2 May 1639. Parts of the island were incorporated as a colony administrated by the Dutch East India Company on 12 May 1656. The first governor, Wi ...

Date unknown

* The Prix de Rome scholarship is established in France for students of the arts. * The first

Maroon Maroon ( US/ UK , Australia ) is a brownish crimson color that takes its name from the French word ''marron'', or chestnut. "Marron" is also one of the French translations for "brown". According to multiple dictionaries, there are var ...

community arises in

Suriname Suriname (; srn, Sranankondre or ), officially the Republic of Suriname ( nl, Republiek Suriname , srn, Ripolik fu Sranan), is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north ...

. *

Robert Hooke Robert Hooke FRS (; 18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath active as a scientist, natural philosopher and architect, who is credited to be one of two scientists to discover microorganisms in 1665 using a compound microscope that ...

discovers that cork is made of "tiny little rooms", which he first calls " Cells". * Publication at Cambridge in the

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...

of the "'' Eliot Indian Bible''" (''Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God''), which becomes the first complete Bible published in the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, a translation by English-born Puritan missionary John Eliot of the

Geneva Bible The Geneva Bible is one of the most historically significant translations of the Bible into English, preceding the King James Version by 51 years. It was the primary Bible of 16th-century English Protestantism and was used by William Shakespear ...

, from English into the Massachusett language (Natic or Wômpanâak) variety of the Algonquian languages.

Births

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

– Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge, British politician (d.

1743 Events January–March * January 1 – The Verendrye brothers, probably Louis-Joseph and François de La Vérendrye, become the first white people to see the Rocky Mountains from the eastern side (the Spanish conquistadors ...

) * January 19 – Nicholas Trott, colonial magistrate, South Carolina Chief Justice (d.

1740 Events January–March * January 8 – All 237 crewmen on the Dutch East India Company ship ''Rooswijk'' are drowned, when the vessel strikes the shoals of Goodwin Sands, off of the coast of England, as it is beginning its secon ...

) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

– Luca Carlevarijs, Italian painter (d.

1730 Events January–March * January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage. * February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia (Ann ...

) * January 26 – Francis Barrell, English politician (d.

1724 Events January–March * January 15 – King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old son Louis I. * January 18 – The Dutch East India Company cargo ship ''Fortuyn'', on its maiden voyage, dep ...

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

– George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, English Royal Navy admiral (d.

1733 Events January–March * January 13 – Borommarachathirat V becomes King of Siam (now Thailand) upon the death of King Sanphet IX. * January 27 – George Frideric Handel's classic opera, ''Orlando'' is performed for ...

) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, Filipino religious sister (d.

1748 Events January–March * January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore. * January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 prison ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, English peer (d.

1716 Events January–March * January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding ...

) * February 12 –

Cotton Mather Cotton Mather (; February 12, 1663 – February 13, 1728) was a New England Puritan clergyman and a prolific writer. Educated at Harvard College, in 1685 he joined his father Increase as minister of the Congregationalist Old North Meeting H ...

, American theologian (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) * February 22 –

Louis Bossuet Louis Bossuet (22 February 1663 – 15 January 1742) was a French parlementaire. Life Bossuet was born in Dijon in 1663, the son of Antoine Bossuet (1624–1699), the seigneur of Azu, The Cosnée, and Vatronville Bonval, and Renée Madeleine Ga ...

, French parlementaire (d.

1742 Events January–March * January 9 – Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his for ...

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist (d.

1718 Events January – March * January 7 – In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discus ...

) * March 3 – Nicolas Siret, French composer, organist and harpsichordist (d.

1754 Events January–March * January 28 – Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word ''serendipity''. * February 22 – Expecting an attack by Portuguese-speaking militias in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Pla ...

) * March 6 –

Francis Atterbury Francis Atterbury (6 March 1663 – 22 February 1732) was an English man of letters, politician and bishop. A High Church Tory and Jacobite, he gained patronage under Queen Anne, but was mistrusted by the Hanoverian Whig ministries, and ban ...

, British bishop (d.

1732 Events January–March * January 21 – Russia and Persia sign the Treaty of Riascha at Resht. Based on the terms of the agreement, Russia will no longer establish claims over Persian territories. * February 9 – The Swedish ...

) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

– Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian composer and violinist (d.

1745 Events January–March * January 7 – War of the Austrian Succession: The Austrian Army, under the command of Field Marshal Károly József Batthyány, makes a surprise attack at Amberg and the winter quarters of the Bavaria ...

) * March 16 –

Jean-Baptiste Matho Jean-Baptiste Matho (16 March 1663 – 16 March 1743) was a French composer of the Baroque era. Born in Montfort-sur-Meu near Rennes, his name was originally M. F. H. Thomassin. As a child, Matho attracted attention for the quality of his singing ...

, French composer (d.

) * March 18 –

Johann Martin Steindorff Johann Martin Steindorff (born 18 March 1663 in Teutleben, Thuringia; d. 3 May 1744 in Zwickau, Saxony) was a Baroque musician who served as '' Kantor'' at Zwickau. In 1722 he applied for the vacant post of Thomaskantor in Leipzig Leipzig ( , ...

, German composer (d.

1744 Events January–March * January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued. * January 24 – The Dag ...

) * March 22 –

August Hermann Francke August Hermann Francke (; 22 March 1663 – 8 June 1727) was a German Lutheran clergyman, theologian, philanthropist, and Biblical scholar. Biography Born in Lübeck, Francke was educated at the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha before he studie ...

, German Lutheran clergyman, philanthropist, Biblical scholar (d.

1727 Events January–March * January 1 – (December 21, 1726 O.S.) Spain's ambassador to Great Britain demands that the British return Gibraltar after accusing Britain of violating the terms of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Britain ...

) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

– Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye (d.

1723 Events January–March * January 25 – British pirate Edward Low intercepts the Portuguese ship ''Nostra Signiora de Victoria''. After the Portuguese captain throws his treasure of 11,000 gold coins into the sea rather than s ...

) * March 27 –

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (March 27, 1663 – November 11, 1727) was a German surgeon who was a native of Oberviechtach, Bavaria. Eisenbarth was an oculist and barber-surgeon who specialized in treatment of cataracts, calculus surgery, and the t ...

, German surgeon (d.

) * March 28 – Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d.

1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ref ...

) * March 29 –

Harry Mordaunt Lieutenant-General Harry Mordaunt (29 March 1663 – 4 January 1720) was an English Army officer and Whig politician who sat in the English House of Commons, English and House of Commons of Great Britain, British House of Commons between 1692 and ...

, British politician (d.

1720 Events January–March * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal for England. * January 21 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War). * February 17 – The Treaty of ...

) * April 7 –

Filippo II Colonna Filippo II Colonna (7 April 1663 – 8 November 1714) was an Italian nobleman of prominent Colonna family. He was the 9th Duke and Prince of Paliano. Biography Born in Rome, Filippo was the son of Don Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, hereditary Grand C ...

, Italian noble (d.

1714 Events January–March * January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment. * Feb ...

) * April 10 –

Francisco de Berganza Fray Francisco de Berganza y Arce (10 April 1663 – 29 April 1738), better known as Padre Berganza, was a Spanish Benedictine monk and medievalist. Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo called him ''la lumbrera intelectual de su siglo'' ("the brightest ...

, Italian Benedictine monk (d.

1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown, when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River, during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escape ...

) * April 14 – August David zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein, Prussian politician (d.

1735 Events January–March * January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem ''Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot'' is published in London. * January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera ''Ariodante'' is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent G ...

) * April 16 – Alexander Sigismund von der Pfalz-Neuburg, German Catholic bishop (d.

1737 Events January–March * January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parma a ...

) * May 1 –

Giacomo Parolini Giacomo Parolini (May 1, 1663 – 1733) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in Ferrara. He initially traveled with Giovanni Francesco Viterbi to Turin to study law, but then went to study painting in Turin with Peruzzi ...

, Italian painter (d.

) * May 2 –

Joseph de Gallifet Joseph de Gallifet (2 May 1663 – 1 September 1749) was a French Jesuit priest, known for his promotion of the devotion of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Life Gallifet was born near Aix-en-Provence, France. He entered the Society of Jesus at t ...

, French Jesuit priest (d.

1749 Events January–March * January 3 ** Benning Wentworth issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont. ** The first issue of ''Berlingske'', Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, ...

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Lord James Murray Lord James Murray (8 May 1663 – 30 December 1719), was a Scottish Member of Parliament. Murray was the third son of John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, by Lady Amelia Anne Sophia, daughter of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby, and was born at K ...

, Scottish Member of Parliament (d.

1719 Events January–March * January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish- Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydal mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,7 ...

) * May 17 **

Rosine Elisabeth Menthe Rosine Elisabeth Menthe (nicknamed: ''Madame Rudolphine''; 17 May 1663, in Brunswick – 20 May 1701, in Brunswick, Germany), was married morganatically with Duke Rudolph Augustus of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1627–1704), Duke of Brunswick-Lü ...

, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d.

1701 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 12 – Parts of the Netherlands adopt the Gregorian cal ...

) **

Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet (17 May 1663 – 3 September 1721) was a Welsh lawyer and politician. The elder son of Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet (whom he succeeded in 1690), he was educated at St Edmund Hall, Oxford. He was a Gentleman o ...

, English politician (d.

1721 Events January–March * January 6 – The Committee of Inquiry on the collapse of the South Sea Company in Great Britain publishes its findings. * February 5 – James Stanhope, chief minister of Great Britain, dies a day after ...

) * May 20 – William Bradford, English-born printer in North America (d.

1752 In the British Empire, it was the only leap year with 355 days, as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which h ...

) * May 25 – Johann Dientzenhofer, German architect (d.

1726 Events January–March * January 23 – (January 12 Old Style) The Conventicle Act (''Konventikelplakatet'') is adopted in Sweden, outlawing all non-Lutheran religious meetings outside of church services. * January 26 – ...

) * May 28 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (d.

1736 Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the first Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of Pol ...

) * June 2 –

Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer Anne-Marguerite du Noyer (Nîmes, 2 June 1663 — Voorburg, May 1719) was one of the most famous early 18th century female journalists. Her reports of the negotiations leading to the Peace of Utrecht were read all over Europe and admired for t ...

, French journalist (d.

) * June 8 –

Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet (8 June 1663 – 6 March 1729) was an English landowner from Swillington, West Yorkshire, and a baronet in the Baronetage of Great Britain. He was the eldest son of Sir William Lowther by his wife, Catherine ...

, British politician (d.

1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...

) * June 24 –

Jean Baptiste Massillon Jean-Baptiste Massillon, CO (24 June 1663, Hyères – 28 September 1742, Beauregard-l'Évêque), was a French Catholic prelate and famous preacher who served as Bishop of Clermont from 1717 until his death. Biography Early years Massillon wa ...

, French Catholic bishop, famous preacher (d.

) *

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

– Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (d.

) * July 11 –

James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge KG (12 July 1663 – 20 June 1667) was the second son of the Duke of York (later James II of England) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. In 1664, the infant James became the first Duke of Cambridge and Baron of D ...

, British prince (d.

1667 Events January–March * January 11 – Aurangzeb, monarch of the Mughal Empire, orders the removal of Rao Karan Singh as Maharaja of the Bikaner State (part of the modern-day Rajasthan state of India) because of Karan's derelic ...

) * July 15 – Sir John Cropley, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d.

) * July 26 –

Peter Hohmann, Edler of Hohenthal Peter Hohmann (26 July 1663, in Könnern – 2 January 1732, in Leipzig) was a merchant and town councillor in Leipzig. He was raised to the peerage and became the founder of the noble lineage Edler of Hohenthal. Life Peter Hohmann was the son ...

, Leipzig merchant and town councillor, raised to nobility (d.

) * August 9 –

Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany Ferdinando de' Medici (9 August 1663 – 31 October 1713) was the eldest son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans. Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with the title Grand Prince, fro ...

(d.

) * August 18 –

Catherine Repond Catherine Repond (18 August 1663 in Villarvolard – 15 September 1731 in Fribourg), was an alleged Swiss witch. She was one of the last people to be executed for sorcery in Switzerland prior to Anna Göldi. In 1730, the bailiff Beat-Nicolas von ...

, alleged Swiss witch (d.

1731 Events January–March * January 8 – An avalanche from the Skafjell mountain causes a massive wave in the Storfjorden fjord in Norway that sinks all boats that happen to be in the water at the time and kills people on both sho ...

) * August 24 – Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, fifth patroon in New Netherland (d.

) * August 31 – Guillaume Amontons, French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (d.

1705 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 8 – George Frideric Handel's first opera, ''Almira'' is p ...

) *

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

–

Jean Boivin the Younger Jean Boivin the Younger or Jean Boivin de Villeneuve (1 September 1663 in Montreuil-l'Argillé – 29 October 1726 in Paris) was a French writer, scholar and translator. Jean was the younger brother of Louis Boivin. After their father died in 176 ...

, French writer (d.

) *

September 16 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Pope Honorius I is posthumously excommunicated by the Sixth Ecumenical Council. *1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers. 1601–1900 * 1620 – A determined band of 35 relig ...

–

Johann Josua Mosengel Johann Josua Mosengel (September 16, 1663 – January 18, 1731) was a German pipe organ builder. Biography Mosengel was born in 1663 in either Stolzenau or in Eisenach. He created his first independent work in 1695 in Hanover. He then went to Kön ...

, German organ builder (d.

) * September 20 **

Pirro Albergati Count Pirro Capacelli Albergati (20 September 1663 – 22 June 1735) was an Italian aristocrat, and amateur composer. Albergati was born in Bologna. The Albergatis were one of the most eminent families of the Bolognese nobility, and Count Pi ...

, Italian composer (d.

) ** Frederick William, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d.

) **

Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay Louis-François Duplessis de Mornay (September 20, 1663 – November 28, 1741) was bishop of the diocese of Quebec from 1727 to 1733, although he never went to Canada. From a noble family, he joined the Capuchins. Appointed Vicar-General for Louis ...

, Catholic bishop of Quebec (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. * February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a spe ...

) *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...

–

Johann Nikolaus Hanff Johann Nikolaus Hanff (25 September 1663 – 25 December 1711) was a North German organist and composer. Hanff was born in Wechmar in Thuringia and worked in Eutin, Hamburg and Schleswig. In 1696 he became organist and conductor to the Bishop ...

, German composer and organist (d.

1711 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward ...

) *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

–

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, (28 September 16639 October 1690) was an illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and his mistress Barbara Villiers. A military commander, Henry FitzRoy was appointed colonel of the Grenadier Guards i ...

(d.

1690 Events January–March * January 2 – The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbian rebels and Austrian troops in battle at Kaçanik Gorge, prompting more than 30,000 Serb refugees to flee northward from Kosovo, Macedonia and Sandžak to the Aus ...

) * October 3 –

Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen (October 3, 1663 – January 17, 1727) was a 17th-century German philologist. Biography He received his master's degree from the University of Leipzig in 1685. His dissertation, titled ''Disputationem Moralem de ...

, German philosopher (d.

) * October 9 **

Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber (9 October 1663 – 7 November 1735) was a German Jesuit canonist. Schmalzgrueber was born at Griesbach, Bavaria. Entering the Society of Jesus in 1679, he made his studies at Ingolstadt, obtaining the doctorat ...

, German canon law jurist (d.

) ** Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, Italian critic and poet (d.

) *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

–

Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield (15 October 1663 – 26 December 1702) was a British peer, styled Hon. Fitton Gerard until 1701. Biography He was the younger son of Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, and represented several consti ...

, English politician, earl (d.

1702 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 2 – A total solar eclipse is visible from the southe ...

) * October 17 –

Diego de Astorga y Céspedes Diego de Astorga y Céspedes (17 October 1663 – 9 February 1734) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He also served as Bishop of Barcelona, Archbishop of Toledo and Grand Inquisitor. Biography Diego de Astorga y Céspedes was ...

, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d.

1734 Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Province of Georgia, Georgia in North America ...

) * October 18 –

Prince Eugene of Savoy Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano, (18 October 1663 – 21 April 1736) better known as Prince Eugene, was a Generalfeldmarschall, field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th a ...

, Austrian field marshal (d.

) * October 23 – Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, duchess by marriage of Württemberg-Winnental (d.

) * October 24 – Stephen Delancey, major colonial

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

figure (d.

) * November 13 – Árni Magnússon, Icelandic scholar and manuscript collector (d.

) * November 14 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer (d.

1712 In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day (Friday, February 30) Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, M ...

) * November 17 – Marie Christine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, eldest legitimate child of Françoise-Athénaïs (d.

1675 Events January–March * January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg. * January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native Americans in the United States, Nati ...

) * November 25 –

Jean-Frédéric Osterwald Jean-Frédéric Osterwald (or Ostervald) (25 November 1663 – 14 April 1747) was a Protestant pastor from Neuchâtel (now in Switzerland). Life He was born at Neuchâtel in 1663 in a patrician family, a son of the Reformed pastor Johann Rudolf O ...

, Swiss Protestant pastor (d.

1747 Events January–March * January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital. * February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II Coul ...

) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

–

Sir Thomas Crosse, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Crosse, 1st Baronet (29 November 1663 – 27 May 1738) was an English brewer and Tory politician who sat in the English House of Commons and British House of Commons between 1701 and 1722. Crosse was the eldest son of Thomas Crosse (die ...

, British aristocrat, politician (d.

) *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 * 1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the Br ...

–

Andrea Adami da Bolsena Andrea Adami da Bolsena (30 November 1663 – 22 July 1742) was an Italian castrato, musician, and later secretary to Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. He was born in Bolsena. Until 1690, he served the former queen Christina I of Sweden, alongsid ...

, Italian castrato (d.

) * December 8 –

Nathan Gold Nathan Gold (December 8, 1663 – October 3, 1723), was an American colonial leader and deputy governor of the Colony of Connecticut from 1708 until his death in 1723. Early life Gold was the only son of Major Nathan and Sarah Phippen Gold and su ...

, deputy colonial governor of Connecticut (d.

) * December 20 –

Thomas Wilson Thomas Wilson, Tom Wilson or Tommy Wilson may refer to: Actors * Thomas F. Wilson (born 1959), American actor most famous for his role of Biff Tannen in the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy *Tom Wilson (actor) (1880–1965), American actor *Dan Gre ...

, Bishop of Sodor and Man (d.

1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the ...

) * December 24 –

Ippolita Ludovisi Olimpia Ippolita I Ludovisi (December 24, 1663 – December 29, 1733) was the Princess of Piombino from 1701 until her death in 1733. Life She was born in Cagliari, the youngest daughter of Niccolò I Ludovisi, prince of Piombino, and Constanza ...

, Princess of Piombino (1701 until her death) (d.

) * December 27 –

Johann Melchior Roos Johann Melchior Roos (December 27, 1663, Heidelberg – 1731, Braunschweig), was a German Baroque painter. Biography According to the RKD He was born in Heidelberg and learned to paint from his father, the landscape painter Johann Heinrich Roo ...

, German painter (d.

) * December 31 –

Carl Wilhelm Welser von Neunhof Carl Wilhelm Welser von Neunhof (31 December 1663 – 1 February 1711 Nuremberg), was a mayor of Nuremberg. He was the son of Carl Welser (born 6 April 1635) and Magdalena Barbara Schlüssfelder (born c. 1645 Nuremberg). He was married to Clara ...

, German merchant, politician (d.

) * ''Date unknown'' – **

William King William King may refer to: Arts *Willie King (1943–2009), American blues guitarist and singer *William King (author) (born 1959), British science fiction author and game designer, also known as Bill King *William King (artist) (1925–2015), Ame ...

, English poet (d.

) ** Delarivier Manley, English author (d.

) **

Antonio Zucchelli Antonio Zucchelli (March 8, 1663 – July 13, 1716) was an Italian Franciscan Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, Capuchin friar, explorer and missionary. He is best known for his missionary work in the Kingdom of Kongo. In 1712 he published memoir ...

, Italian Franciscan capuchin friar, explorer and missionary (d.

)

Deaths

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

–

Illiam Dhone or (literally meaning 'Brown William' in English) (14 April 16082 January 1663), also known as William Christian, was a Manx politician and depending on viewpoint, patriot, rebel or traitor. He was a son of Ewan Christian, a deemster. In M ...

, Manx politician (b.

1608 Events January–June * January – In the Colony of Virginia, Powhatan releases Captain John Smith. * January 2 – The first of the Jamestown supply missions returns to the Colony of Virginia with Christopher Newport comman ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich, English soldier, politician (b.

1585 Events January–June * January – The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar. * February – The Spanish seize Brussels. * April 24 – Pope Sixtus V succeeds Pope Gregory XIII, as the 227th pope. * May 19 – S ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

–

Giancarlo de' Medici Giancarlo de' Medici (24 July 1611 – 22 January 1663) was an Italian cardinal of the House of Medici. He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo II of Tuscany and his wife, Maria Maddalena of Austria, and the brother of Ferdinando II de' Medi ...

, Italian Catholic cardinal (b.

1611 Events January–June * February 27 – Sunspots are observed by telescope, by Frisian astronomers Johannes Fabricius and David Fabricius. Johannes publishes the results of these observations, in ''De Maculis in Sole observa ...

) * January 29 – Robert Sanderson, English theologian and casuist (b.

1587 Events January–June * February 1 – Queen Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, after Mary has been implicated in a plot to murder Elizabeth. Seven days later, on the orders of E ...

) * January 31 – John Spelman, English politician (b.

1606 Events January–June * January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins. * January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

–

Adam Adami Adam Adami may refer to: * Adam Adami (diplomat) (died 1663), German diplomat and priest * Adam Adami (footballer) Adam Adami Martins (born 24 June 1992), also known as Adam Adami, is a Brazilian Professionalism in association football, profe ...

, German bishop, diplomat (b.

1603 Events January–June * February 25 – Dutch–Portuguese War: the Portuguese ship '' Santa Catarina'' is seized by Dutch East India Company ships off Singapore. The first permanent Dutch trading post in Indonesia is established ...

) * March 13 –

Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern Edward, Prince Palatine of the Rhine (''Eduard, Prinz von der Pfalz'') (5 October 1625 – 10 March 1663), was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the Scot ...

(b.

1625 Events January–March * January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet. * February 3 – ...

) * March 17 – Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, English diplomat and landowner (b.

1605 Events January–June * January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, ''Don Quixote'' (''El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha'', "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is publ ...

) * March 20 – Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer (b.

1594 Events January–June * March 21 – Henry IV enters his capital of Paris for the first time. * April 17 – Hyacinth of Poland is canonized. * May ** Uprising in Banat of Serbs against Ottoman rule ends with the public ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– John Norton, American divine (b.

) * April 7 – Francis Cooke, English Mayflower Pilgrim (b. c.

1583 __NOTOC__ Events January–June * January 18 – François, Duke of Anjou, attacks Antwerp. * February 4 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, newly converted to Calvinism, formally marries Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, a form ...

) *

–

David Questiers David Questiers (2 February 1623 - 17 April 1663) was a Dutch poet. Questiers was born and died in Amsterdam, and was the brother of the noted poet Catharina Questiers. ReferencesProfilein the Digital library for Dutch literature The Digital ...

, Dutch poet (b.

1623 Events January–March * January 21 – **Viscount Falkland, England's Lord Deputy of Ireland, issues a proclamation ordering all Roman Catholic priests to leave Ireland. The order frustrates negotiations between Protestant En ...

) * April 20 –

Kjeld Stub Kjeld Lauridsen Stub (10 December 1607 – 20 April 1663) was a Dano-Norwegian priest. He was also involved in the Thirty Years' War in various roles. He was born in Varberg, then-Denmark as a son of vicar Laurids Kjeldsen Stub and his wife Marg ...

, Danish priest (b.

1607 Events January–June * January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails, after the announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain. * January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the ...

) * April 29 – Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy, duchess consort of Parma (b.

1635 Events January–March * January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy. * January 25 ...

) * May 3 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (b.

1592 Events January–June * January 30 – Pope Clement VIII (born Ippolito Aldobrandini) succeeds Pope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope. He immediately recalls the Sixtine Vulgate. * February 7 – G ...

) * May 6 –

Johan van Rensselaer Johan van Rensselaer also Johannes van Rensselaer (Amsterdam, 4 September 1625 – Nijkerk , 6 May 1663), second patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, was the eldest son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, and his only son by his first wife, Hillegon ...

, Dutch noble (b.

) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

– Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France (b.

1595 Events January–June * January – Mehmed III succeeds Murad III, as sultan of the Ottoman Empire. * January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV of France declares war on Spain. * April 8 (March 29 O.S.) & ...

) * March 20 – Selius Marselis, Dutch/Norwegian tradesman (b.

1600 __NOTOC__ In the Gregorian calendar, it was the last century leap year until the year 2000. Events January–June * January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Year's Day instead of March 25. * January ** Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of T ...

) *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

–

Jean Guyon Jean Guyon ''du Buisson'' (Bapt. September 18, 1592 – May 30, 1663) was the patriarch of one of the earliest families to settle on the North shore of New France's St. Lawrence River. Guyon made his living as a master mason and, according ...

, French colonist (b.

) * June 4 – William Juxon,

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...

(b.

1582 1582 ( MDLXXXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) in the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. This year saw the be ...

) *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 *1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights. *1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles II of Naples, Charles ...

–

Béatrix de Cusance Béatrix de Cusance (27 December 1614 – 5 June 1663), Baroness of Belvoir, was the second wife of Charles IV, former reigning Duke of Lorraine. She was a correspondent of Constantijn Huygens. Early life She was the second child and first dau ...

, Frenc-Comtois noble woman (b.

1614 Events January–June * February – King James I of England condemns duels, in his proclamation ''Against Private Challenges and Combats''. * April 5 – Pocahontas is forced into child marriage with English colonist John Rolfe in Ja ...

) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

– Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble (b.

1596 Events January–June * January 6– 20 – An English attempt led by Francis Drake to cross the Isthmus of Panama ends in defeat. * January 28 – Francis Drake dies of dysentery off Portobelo. * February 14 – Archbishop John Whitg ...

) * June 25 – John Bramhall,

Archbishop of Armagh In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdio ...

, Anglican controversialist (b.

) * June 26 – John Alleyn, Cornish barrister (b.

1621 Events January–March * January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be rui ...

) * July 2 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (b.

1599 __NOTOC__ Events January–June * January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the ''Ratio Studiorum'', is issued. * March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I o ...

) * July 5 –

Samuel Newman Samuel Newman (May 10, 1602 – July 5, 1663) was a clergyman in colonial Massachusetts whose concordance of the Bible, published first in London in 1643, far surpassed any previous work of its kind. Newman was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, Englan ...

, colonial Massachusetts clergyman (b.

1602 Events January–June * January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 Dec ...

) * July 7 – Thomas Baltzar, German violinist (b. c.

1631 Events January–March * January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany. * February 5 &ndash ...

) * July 13 –

Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Myddelton, 1st Baronet (2 November 1624 – 13 July 1663) was a Welsh politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1646 and 1663. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War but later took part in the ...

, English politician (b.

1624 Events January–March * January 14 – After 90 years of Ottoman occupation, Baghdad is recaptured by the Safavid Empire. * January 22 – Korean General Yi Gwal leads an uprising of 12,000 soldiers against King Injo in wh ...

) *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...

– William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1637–1663) (b.

1629 Events January–March * January 7– Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam. * January 19&nd ...

) * July 20 – Samuel Stone, Connecticut Puritan minister (b.

) * August 10 – Edward Convers, American settler (b.

1590 Events January–June * January 4 – The Cortes of Castile approves a new subsidy, the '' millones''. * March 4 – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, takes Breda, by concealing 68 of his best men in a peat-boat, to ge ...

) * August 26 –

Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet Sir John Yonge, 1st Baronet (2 October 1603 – 26 August 1663) of Great House in the parish of Colyton in Devon, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1642 and 1660. Yonge was the son of Walter Yonge of C ...

, English politician (b.

) * September 18 – Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b.

) * September 20 –

Thomas Stucley (MP) Sir Thomas Stucley (24 August 1620 – 20 September 1663) of Affeton Castle, Devon was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1661 to 1663. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War. Biography Stucl ...

, English politician (b.

1620 Events January–June * February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. * May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey). * June 3 – The ...

) * September 27 **

Christoffer Urne Christoffer Knudsson Urne til Årsmarke (27 October 1593 – 27 September 1663) was a Danish civil servant. He served as Governor-general of Norway from 1629 to 1642. Biography He was born at Halsted Priory on the island of Lolland, Denmar ...

, Governor General of Norway (b.

1593 Events January–December * January – Siege of Pyongyang (1593): A Japanese invasion is defeated in Pyongyang by a combined force of Korean and Ming troops. * January 18 – Siamese King Naresuan, in combat on elephant back, k ...

) ** Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b.

1584 __NOTOC__ Events January–June * January–March – Archangelsk is founded as ''New Kholmogory'' in northern Russia, by Ivan the Terrible. * January 11 – Sir Walter Mildmay is given a royal licence to found Emman ...

) * October 7 –

Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt Sophia Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (7 January 1634 in Darmstadt – 7 October 1663 in Bingenheim, now part of Echzell), was Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt by birth and by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg. She was a daughter of Landgrave Geo ...

, Landgravine consort of Hesse-Homburg (b.

1634 Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. ...

) * October 13 –

Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau (Dessau, 23 August 1610 – Babenhausen, 13 October 1663), was by birth a member of the House of Ascania and princess of Anhalt-Dessau. After her marriage she became Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg. She was the ei ...

, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b.

1610 Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...

) * October 20 –

Raphael Cotoner Rafael Cotoner y de Oleza ( mt, Raphael Cotoner; 1601 – 20 October 1663) was a Spanish knight of Aragon who served as 60th Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller or, as it is already known by that time, the Order of Malta, from 5 June 1660 ...

, Spanish 60th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b.

1601 This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100. Jan ...

) * October 31 –

Théophile Raynaud Théophile Raynaud (15 November 1583 – 31 October 1663) was a French Jesuit theologian and writer. Biography Théophile Raynaud was born November 15, 1583, at Sospel, near Nice. He studied at Avignon, and became quite accomplished as a ...

, French theologian (b.

) * November 24 –

Louis IV of Legnica Louis IV of Legnica ( pl, Ludwik; Brzeg, 19 April 1616 – Legnica, 24 November 1663) was a duke of Brzeg from 1633 (together with his brothers until 1654), of Wołów (during 1653–1654 with his brothers) and of Legnica from 1653 (until 1654 ...

, Duke of Oława and Brzeg (b.

1616 Events January–June * January ** Six-year-old António Vieira arrives from Portugal, with his parents, in Bahia (present-day Salvador) in Colonial Brazil, where he will become a diplomat, noted author, leading figure of the Church, an ...

) * December 5 – Severo Bonini, Italian composer (b.

) *

– Queen Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba (b. c.

) * December 21 **

Camillo Astalli Camillo Astalli (21 October 1616 – 21 December 1663) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal-Nephew of Pope Innocent X who served as Cardinal Priest of San Pietro in Montorio (1653–1662), Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardina ...

, Italian cardinal (b.

) ** Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (b.

) * December 27 – Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy (b.

) * December 28 –

Francesco Maria Grimaldi Francesco Maria Grimaldi, SJ (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 1 ...

, Italian mathematician, physicist (b.

1618 Events January–June * February 26 – Osman II deposes his uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman sultan (until 1622). * March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he so ...

) * ''date unknown –''

Chiara Varotari Chiara Varotari (1584–1663) was an Italian Baroque painter. Biography Varotari was born in Padua. According to the RKD, Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD) she was the daughter of Dario Varotari the Elder and the sister of Alessandro ...

, Italian Baroque painter (b.

) * ''date unknown –''

Bihari Lal Bihari Lal Chaube or Bihārī (1595–1663)
National Museum, New Delhi, 1966. was a

)

References

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