The was an express

electric multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number o ...

(EMU) train type introduced in 1963 by

Japanese National Railways The , abbreviated JNR or , was the business entity that operated Japan's national railway network from 1949 to 1987. Network Railways As of June 1, 1949, the date of establishment of JNR, it operated of narrow gauge () railways in all 46 pre ...

(JNR).

History

During the early 1960s, the

Chūō Main Line The , commonly called the Chūō Line, is one of the major trunk railway lines in Japan. It connects Tokyo and Nagoya, although it is the slowest direct railway connection between the two cities; the coastal Tōkaidō Main Line is slightly faste ...

and Shinetsu Line were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. New powerful trains were required, as the earlier

153 series The was an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1958 until 1983. Interior File:Inside of JNR Class 153 (without air-condition).jpg, Interior of a non-air-conditioned 153 series car Histo ...

trains were designed for operation in flat, warm areas.

Differences between 153 series and 165 series

* Motor output increased from 100 kW to 120 kW * Proofing against heavy snow and cold weather

Individual car types (original)

* KuMoHa 165: Motorized cab car. 76 seats. 145 cars were built from 1963 to 1970. Coupled to MoHa 164. * KuHa 165: Cab car. 76 seats. 210 cars were built from 1963 to 1970. * MoHa 164: Motorized car with pantograph, air compressor and motor-generator. 84 seats. 166 cars were built from 1963 to 1970. * Moha 165: Motorized car. 84 seats. 21 cars were built from 1963 to 1969. Coupled to MoHa 164. * SaHa 164: Intermediate trailer car. 56 seats. Only two cars were built in 1966. With kiosk. * SaHa 165: Intermediate trailer car. 84 seats. 11 cars were built in 1969. * SaRo 165: Intermediate trailer car. Green car. * SaHaShi 165: Intermediate trailer car. Buffet and seating. 36 seats. 12 cars were built in 1963.

Soba Soba ( or , "buckwheat") are Japanese noodles made primarily from buckwheat flour, with a small amount of wheat flour mixed in. It has an ashen brown color, and a slightly grainy texture. The noodles are served either chilled with a dipping sau ...

corner instead of 153 series

Sushi is a traditional Japanese dish made with , typically seasoned with sugar and salt, and combined with a variety of , such as seafood, vegetables, or meat: raw seafood is the most common, although some may be cooked. While sushi comes in n ...

corner.

Joyful Train conversions

A number of 165 series trains were converted for use as

Joyful Train is the name given to railway rolling stock or train sets operated by the JR Group in Japan primarily for charters, special events, tourist excursions, and other similar purposes. Traditionally, this term is only used for chartered trains dedicate ...

sets including the following. * ''Nanohana'': First EMU-based Joyful Train, introduced in March 1986 and withdrawn August 1998. * ''Panorama Express Alps'': 3+3-car set converted in 1986 for use on the

and the

Ōito Line The is a railway line in Japan which connects Matsumoto Station in Nagano Prefecture with Itoigawa Station in Niigata Prefecture. There are two operators on the line: East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West ...

. This train was withdrawn in 2001, and sold to Fuji Kyuko in 2002, becoming the Fujikyu 2000 series ''Fujisan Express''. * ''Shuttle Maihama'' * ''Yū Yū Tōkai'' File:JRE-EC165-Nanohana.jpg, 165 series ''Nanohana'' set, circa 1990 File:JNR panoramaexpress alps.jpg, 165 series ''Panorama Express Alps'' Joyful Train File:JRE-EC165-Shuttle-Maihama.jpg, 165 series ''Shuttle Maihama'' set in March 1990 File:JRC-EC-165-700.jpg, The ''Yū Yū Tōkai'' joyful train on Yamakita station in 1992 File:Fujikyu 2002.jpg, Fuji Kyuko 2000 series ''Fujisan Express'' in August 2009

Resale

Nine withdrawn 165 series cars were sold to the

Chichibu Railway The is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (� ...

in 1992 and converted to become Chichibu Railway 3000 series 3-car sets for use on express services. File:Chichibu-railway 3000shibazakura.jpg, A Chichibu Railway 3000 series EMU, May 2006

Preserved examples

* KuHa 165-120, stored for a long period at Mino-Ōta Depot in

Minokamo, Gifu is a city located in Gifu, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 56,972 and a population density of 74.81 persons per km2, in 22,508 households. The total area of the city was . Geography Minokamo is located in south-central Gifu Pref ...

, before being moved by road to Hamamatsu Depot in February 2013 * KuMoHa 165-108, (built 1966 by Tokyu Car) at

SCMaglev and Railway Park The is a railway museum owned by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) in Nagoya, Japan. The museum opened on 14 March 2011. The museum features 39 full-size railway vehicles and one bus exhibit, train cab simulators, and model railwa ...

, Nagoya * MoHa 164-72, stored at Mino-Ōta Depot in

* SaRo 165-106, (built 1967 by Teikoku Sharyo) at SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya File:JRC-Ts165-106.jpg, SaRo 165–106, preserved at Hamamatsu Works, July 2010

References

External links

* {{JR-West rolling stock Electric multiple units of Japan East Japan Railway Company Central Japan Railway Company West Japan Railway Company Kawasaki multiple units Kinki Sharyo multiple units Kisha Seizo multiple units Nippon Sharyo multiple units Tokyu Car multiple units Teikoku Sharyo rolling stock Train-related introductions in 1963 1500 V DC multiple units of Japan