Events from the
1570s
The 1570s decade ran from January 1, 1570, to December 31, 1579.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1570s
...
in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
Incumbents
*
Monarch
A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power i ...
–
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England and List of Irish monarchs, Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is ...
*
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
–
3rd of Queen Elizabeth I (starting 2 April, until 29 May 1571),
4th of Queen Elizabeth I (starting 8 May 1572)
Events
* 1570
** 25 February –
Pope Pius V
Pope Pius V ( it, Pio V; 17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in May 1572. He is v ...
excommunicates Queen
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen".
Eli ...
with the papal bull ''
Regnans in Excelsis
''Regnans in Excelsis'' ("Reigning on High") is a papal bull that Pope Pius V issued on 25 February 1570. It excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England, referring to her as "the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime", declared h ...
''
which is affixed to the door of
Old St Paul's Cathedral in London on 24 May.
**
Florentine banker
Roberto di Ridolfi
Roberto Ridolfi (or di Ridolfo) (18 November 1531 – 18 February 1612) was an Italian and Florentine nobleman and conspirator.
Biography
Ridolfi belonged to a famous family of Florence, where he was born. As a banker he had business connections ...
devises the
Ridolfi plot
The Ridolfi plot was a Roman Catholic plot in 1571 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel betwee ...
to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
.
**
Whitechapel Bell Foundry
The Whitechapel Bell Foundry was a business in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. At the time of the closure of its Whitechapel premises, it was the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain. The bell foundry primarily made church bells ...
known to be in existence in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
. By 2017, when it closes its premises in Whitechapel, it will be the oldest manufacturing company in
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...
.
** The home and library of
John Dee at
Mortlake
Mortlake is a suburban district of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames on the south bank of the River Thames between Kew and Barnes. Historically it was part of Surrey and until 1965 was in the Municipal Borough of Barnes. For many cen ...
begin to serve as an informal
prototype English academy for gentlemen with scientific interests.
** Approximate date –
Thomas Tallis
Thomas Tallis (23 November 1585; also Tallys or Talles) was an English composer of High Renaissance music. His compositions are primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallis is considered one ...
composes his 40-part
motet ''
Spem in alium
''Spem in alium'' (Latin for "Hope in any other") is a 40-part Renaissance motet by Thomas Tallis, composed in c. 1570 for eight choirs of five voices each. It is considered by some critics to be the greatest piece of English early music. H. B. ...
''.
* 1571
** 23 January – the
Royal Exchange officially opened by Queen Elizabeth.
** April –
Treason Act
Treason Act or Treasons Act (and variations thereon) or Statute of Treasons is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland on the subject of treason and related offences.
Several Acts on the subje ...
forbids criticism of the monarchy.
[
** May – All papal bulls declared ]treason
Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
able by Act of Parliament.[
** 25 June
*** An Act Against ]Usury
Usury () is the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender. The term may be used in a moral sense—condemning taking advantage of others' misfortunes—or in a legal sense, where an interest rate is c ...
permits moneylending at interest rates not exceeding 10%.
*** Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle, is a co-educational grammar school with academy status in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. In 2009, there were 877 pupils, of whom 271 were in the sixth form.
Although royally chartered by Que ...
, is founded in Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-we ...
.
** 27 June – Establishment of Jesus College "within the City and University of Oxford
, mottoeng = The Lord is my light
, established =
, endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019)
, budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20)
, chancellor ...
of Queen Elizabeth's foundation" by Welsh
Welsh may refer to:
Related to Wales
* Welsh, referring or related to Wales
* Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales
* Welsh people
People
* Welsh (surname)
* Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...
cleric and lawyer Hugh Price.
** 25 July – The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth of the Parishioners of the Parish of Saint Olave in the County of Surrey is established in Tooley Street
Tooley Street is a road in central and south London connecting London Bridge to St Saviour's Dock; it runs past Tower Bridge on the Southwark/Bermondsey side of the River Thames, and forms part of the A200 road. (.)
St Olave
The earliest na ...
, London.
** 29 August – Ridolfi plot discovered.[ On 7 September ]Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, ( Kenninghall, Norfolk, 10 March 1536Tower Hill, London, 2 June 1572) was an English nobleman and politician. Although from a family with strong Roman Catholic leanings, he was raised a Protestant. He was ...
, is arrested for his part in the conspiracy.
** The first Pro forma
The term ''pro forma'' (Latin for "as a matter of form" or "for the sake of form") is most often used to describe a practice or document that is provided as a courtesy or satisfies minimum requirements, conforms to a norm or doctrine, tends to ...
bill is introduced, symbolising Parliament's authority over its own affairs.
** Burford School
Burford School is a co-educational academy day and state boarding school located in Burford, Oxfordshire, England. It is one of 40 state boarding schools in England. The school was founded by the Burford Corporation as a grammar school in 1571 ...
is established in Oxfordshire.
* 1572
** 13 February – Harrow School founded.
** May – Hexhamshire
Hexhamshire is a civil parish in Northern England. It was incorporated into Northumberland in 1572.
History
Hexhamshire was originally a single parish based on the church of St Andrew, Hexham, and surveys from 1295, 1547 and 1608 all show that t ...
is annexed to Northumberland
Northumberland () is a county in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland. Notable landmarks in the county include Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, Hadrian's Wall and Hexham Abbey.
It is bordered by land ...
.
** 2 June – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, ( Kenninghall, Norfolk, 10 March 1536Tower Hill, London, 2 June 1572) was an English nobleman and politician. Although from a family with strong Roman Catholic leanings, he was raised a Protestant. He was ...
, is executed for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot
The Ridolfi plot was a Roman Catholic plot in 1571 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel betwee ...
to restore Catholicism
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
in England.
** 11 July – Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America ...
leads 1500 English volunteers on an expedition to assist the Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
Sea Beggars
Geuzen (; ; french: Les Gueux) was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands. The most successful group of them operated at sea, and so were called Watergeuzen (; ; frenc ...
in their struggle against Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
Habsburg rule.
** Formation of 'Thomas Morgan's Company of Foot', a group of 300 volunteers from the London Trained Bands
Trained Bands were companies of part-time militia in England and Wales. Organised by county, they were supposed to drill on a regular basis, although this was rarely the case in practice. The regular army was formed from the Trained Bands in the ev ...
to assist the Dutch, origin of the Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)
The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment), formerly the 3rd Regiment of Foot, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army traditionally raised in the English county of Kent and garrisoned at Canterbury. It had a history dating back to 1572 and ...
.
** Vagabonds Act, part of the Tudor Poor Laws
The Tudor Poor Laws were the laws regarding poor relief in the Kingdom of England around the time of the Tudor period (1485–1603). The Tudor Poor Laws ended with the passing of the Elizabethan Poor Law in 1601, two years before the end of th ...
, prescribes punishment for rogues. This includes actors' companies lacking formal patronage.
** Publication of a revised version of the ''Bishops' Bible
The Bishops' Bible is an English translation of the Bible which was produced under the authority of the established Church of England in 1568. It was substantially revised in 1572, and the 1602 edition was prescribed as the base text for the King ...
''.
* 1573
** 24 March – Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys
Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet is a boys' grammar school in Barnet, northern Greater London, which was founded in 1573 by Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, and others, in the name of Queen Elizabeth I.
It is consistently ranked as one o ...
established in Barnet
Barnet may refer to:
People
*Barnet (surname)
* Barnet (given name)
Places United Kingdom
*Chipping Barnet or High Barnet, commonly known as Barnet, one of three focal towns of the borough below.
*East Barnet, a district of the borough below; an ...
at the petition of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester.
** 17 April – English troops capture Edinburgh Castle.[
** 18 December – ]Francis Walsingham
Sir Francis Walsingham ( – 6 April 1590) was principal secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England from 20 December 1573 until his death and is popularly remembered as her "spymaster".
Born to a well-connected family of gentry, Wals ...
becomes Secretary of State.[
** ]Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America ...
produces his proposal for '.
* 1574
** 18 August – Treaty of Bristol settles commercial disputes with Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
.[
** Construction of ]Longleat House
Longleat is an English stately home and the seat of the Marquesses of Bath. A leading and early example of the Elizabethan prodigy house, it is adjacent to the village of Horningsham and near the towns of Warminster and Westbury in Wilts ...
completed.[
* 1575
** March – Spain opens the port of Antwerp to English traders, in return for Queen Elizabeth agreeing to stop aiding ]Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
rebels against Spanish rule.[
** 7 July – ]Raid of the Redeswire
The Raid of the Redeswire, also known as the Redeswire Fray, was a border skirmish between England and Scotland on 7 July 1575 which took place at Carter Bar, the Cheviot pass which enters Redesdale. The skirmish was between (on the English si ...
: Sir John Carmichael
Sir John Carmichael (died 16 June 1600) was a Scottish soldier, the Keeper of Liddesdale, a diplomat, and owner of Fenton Tower at Kingston, East Lothian.
Career
He was the son of John Carmichael and Elizabeth Somerville, a daughter of Hugh Some ...
of Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...
defeats Sir John Forster of England in a border skirmish which will be the last battle between the two kingdoms.
** 26 July – Edmund Grindal
Edmund Grindal ( 15196 July 1583) was Bishop of London, Archbishop of York, and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reign of Elizabeth I. Though born far from the centres of political and religious power, he had risen rapidly in the church durin ...
succeeds Matthew Parker
Matthew Parker (6 August 1504 – 17 May 1575) was an English bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England from 1559 until his death in 1575. He was also an influential theologian and arguably the co-founder (with a p ...
as Archbishop of Canterbury.
** 14 November – Elizabeth declines an offer of rule over the Netherlands.[
** ]Christopher Saxton
Christopher Saxton (c. 1540 – c. 1610) was an English cartographer who produced the first county maps of England and Wales.
Life and family
Saxton was probably born in Sowood, Ossett in the parish of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire ...
publishes his ''County Atlas of England and Wales''.[
** ]William Byrd
William Byrd (; 4 July 1623) was an English composer of late Renaissance music. Considered among the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he had a profound influence on composers both from his native England and those on the continent. He ...
and Thomas Tallis
Thomas Tallis (23 November 1585; also Tallys or Talles) was an English composer of High Renaissance music. His compositions are primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallis is considered one ...
are granted a royal monopoly for the publication of most types of music.
* 1576
** 8 February – Peter Wentworth
Sir Peter Wentworth (1529–1596) was a prominent Puritan leader in the Parliament of England. He was the elder brother of Paul Wentworth and entered as member for Barnstaple in 1571. He later sat for the Cornish borough of Tregony in 1578 and ...
is imprisoned for speaking in Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. Th ...
against royal interference in its affairs.
** 11 August – Explorer Martin Frobisher discovers Frobisher Bay
Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Davis Strait in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. Its length is about and its width varies from about at its outlet into the Labrador Sea to ...
whilst searching for the Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The eastern route along the Arc ...
.
** December – James Burbage opens London's second permanent public playhouse (and the first to have a substantial life), The Theatre
The Theatre was an Elizabethan playhouse in Shoreditch (in Curtain Road, part of the modern London Borough of Hackney), just outside the City of London. It was the first permanent theatre ever built in England. It was built in 1576 after th ...
, in Shoreditch.[
** The following schools are founded in ]Kent
Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
:
*** Dartford Grammar School, by William d'Aeth, Edward Gwyn and William Vaughn.
*** Sutton Valence School, by William Lambe.
** William Lambarde
William Lambarde (18 October 1536 – 19 August 1601) was an English antiquarian, writer on legal subjects, and politician. He is particularly remembered as the author of ''A Perambulation of Kent'' (1576), the first English county history; ''E ...
's ''Perambulation of Kent'' (completed 1570) is published, first of the English county histories
English county histories, in other words historical and topographical (or " chorographical") works concerned with individual ancient counties of England, were produced by antiquarians from the late 16th century onwards. The content was variable: ...
.
** Composer Thomas Whythorne writes a ''Booke of songs and sonetts with longe discourses sett with them'', an early example of autobiographical
An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life.
It is a form of biography.
Definition
The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English peri ...
writing in English.
* 1577
** June – Edmund Grindal suspended for refusing to suppress Puritanism
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. P ...
.[
** 6 July – ']Black Assize
The Black Assize is a name given to multiple deaths in the city of Oxford in England between 6 July and 12 August 1577. At least 300 people, including the chief baron and sheriff, are thought to have died as a result of this event. It received its ...
' in Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
results in an outbreak of epidemic typhus killing around three hundred in the city.
** 29 November – Catholic seminary
A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy ...
priest Cuthbert Mayne
Cuthbert Mayne (c. 1543–29 November 1577) was an English Roman Catholic priest executed under the laws of Elizabeth I. He was the first of the seminary priests, trained on the Continent, to be martyred. Mayne was beatified in 1886 and canonise ...
is hanged, drawn and quartered at Launceston, Cornwall, for treason, first of the Douai Martyrs
The Douai Martyrs is a name applied by the Catholic Church to 158 Catholic priests trained in the English College at Douai, France, who were executed by the English state between 1577 and 1680.
History
Having completed their training at Douai, ...
.[
** 13 December – Francis Drake leaves Plymouth aboard the '' Pelican'' with four other ships and 164 men on an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the ]Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World.
Along with th ...
which will become a circumnavigation
Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
The first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth was the Mage ...
.[
* 1578
** 11 June – ]Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America ...
is granted letters patent to establish a colony in North America.Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578
from the Avalon Project
** 19 November – Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh (; – 29 October 1618) was an English statesman, soldier, writer and explorer. One of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era, he played a leading part in English colonisation of North America, suppressed rebelli ...
set out from Plymouth leading an expedition to establish a colony in North America; forced to turn back six months later.
** December – Publication of John Lyly
John Lyly (; c. 1553 or 1554 – November 1606; also spelled ''Lilly'', ''Lylie'', ''Lylly'') was an English writer, dramatist of the University Wits, courtier, and parliamentarian. He was best known during his lifetime for his two books '' E ...
's didactic prose romance '' Euphues: the Anatomy of Wyt'', originating the ornate prose style known as Euphuism
Euphuism is a peculiar mannered style of English prose. It takes its name from a prose romance by John Lyly. It consists of a preciously ornate and sophisticated style, employing a deliberate excess of literary devices such as antitheses, allitera ...
.
* 1579
** 17 June – Drake claims New Albion
New Albion, also known as ''Nova Albion'' (in reference to an archaic name for Britain), was the name of the continental area north of Mexico claimed by Sir Francis Drake for England when he landed on the North American west coast in 1579. Thi ...
on the Pacific coast of North America for England.
** June – Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) was an English adventurer, explorer, member of parliament and soldier who served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and was a pioneer of the English colonial empire in North America ...
sails in an unsuccessful attempt to intercept Spanish forces sailing to support the Second Desmond Rebellion
The Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) was the more widespread and bloody of the two Desmond Rebellions in Ireland launched by the FitzGerald Dynasty of Desmond in Munster against English rule. The second rebellion began in July 1579 whe ...
in Ireland.
** The English College for the training of Roman Catholic priests is established in Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
.
** Eastland Company
The Eastland Company, or North Sea Company, was an English crown-chartered company, founded in 1579 to foster trade with Scandinavia and Baltic Sea states. Like the better-known Russia Company, this was an attempt by the English to challenge the ...
chartered to trade with Scandinavia
Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Swe ...
and the Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and ...
states.
** Publication of Edmund Spenser's poetry ''The Shepheardes Calender
''The Shepheardes Calender'' was Edmund Spenser's first major poetic work, published in 1579. In emulation of Virgil's first work, the ''Eclogues'', Spenser wrote this series of pastorals at the commencement of his career. However, Spenser's ...
''.
Births
* 1570
** 22 January – Robert Bruce Cotton
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, 1st Baronet (22 January 1570/71 – 6 May 1631) of Conington Hall in the parish of Conington in Huntingdonshire, England,Kyle, Chris & Sgroi was a Member of Parliament and an antiquarian who founded the Cotton library. ...
, politician (died 1631
Events
January–March
* January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany.
* February 5 &ndash ...
)
** 13 April – Guy Fawkes
Guy Fawkes (; 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics involved in the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. He was born and educated ...
, Gunpowder Plot
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sough ...
conspirator (hanged 1606
Events
January–June
* January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins.
* January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...
)
** 28 November – James Whitelocke
Sir James Whitelocke SL (28 November 1570 – 22 June 1632) was an English judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1610 and 1622.
Early life
Whitelocke was the younger of posthumous twin sons of Richard Whitelocke, a Londo ...
, judge (died 1632
Events
January–March
* January – The Holland's Leaguer (brothel), Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month.
* February 22 – Galileo Galilei, Galileo's ''Dialogue Conce ...
)
** John Cooper, composer and lutenist (died 1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
** John Farmer, composer (died 1601
This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100.
Jan ...
)
** Simon Grahame
Simon (or Simion) Grahame (1570–1614), born in Edinburgh, Scotland, led a dissolute life as a traveller, soldier, and courtier on the Continent of Europe. He appears to have been a good scholar, and wrote the '' Passionate Sparke of a Relenting M ...
, Scottish-born adventurer (died 1614
Events
January–June
* February – King James I of England condemns duels, in his proclamation ''Against Private Challenges and Combats''.
* April 5 – Pocahontas is forced into child marriage with English colonist John Rolfe in Ja ...
)
* 1571
** ? March – Barnabe Barnes
Barnabe Barnes (c. 1571 – 1609) was an English poet. He is known for his Petrarchan love sonnets and for his combative personality, involving feuds with other writers and culminating in an alleged attempted murder.
Early life
The third son ...
, poet (died 1609
Events
January–June
* January – The Basque witch trials begin.
* January 15 – One of the world's first newspapers, ''Avisa Relation oder Zeitung'', begins publication in Wolfenbüttel (Holy Roman Empire).
* January 3 ...
)
** Henry Ainsworth
Henry Ainsworth (1571–1622) was an English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar. He led the Ancient Church, a Brownist or English Separatist congregation in Amsterdam alongside Francis Johnson from 1597, and after their split led his own con ...
, Nonconformist clergyman and scholar (died 1622
Events
January–May
* January 7 – The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg.
* February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament.
* March 12 – Ignatius of Loy ...
)
** William Bedell
The Rt. Rev. William Bedell, D.D. ( ga, Uilliam Beidil; 15717 February 1642), was an Anglican churchman who served as Lord Bishop of Kilmore, as well as Provost of Trinity College Dublin.
Early life
He was born at Black Notley in Essex, and ...
, Anglican churchman (died 1642
Events
January–March
* January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape.
* February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England t ...
)
** Charles Butler, beekeeper and philologist (died 1647
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong by a Qing archer after having been betrayed one of his officers, Liu Jinzhong.
...
)
** Bartholomew Gosnold
Bartholomew Gosnold (1571 – 22 August 1607) was an English barrister, explorer and privateer who was instrumental in founding the Virginia Company in London and Jamestown in colonial America. He led the first recorded European expeditio ...
, lawyer and explorer (died 1607
Events
January–June
* January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails, after the announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain.
* January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be th ...
)
** Thomas Storer
Thomas Storer (c. 1571 – 1604) was an England, English poet and mathematician. His major work was the ''Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey''.
Life
He was the son of John Storer of London. He was elected a student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 158 ...
, poet (died 1604
Events
January–June
* January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court.
* January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...
)
**Thomas Wintour
Robert Wintour (1568 – 30 January 1606) and Thomas Wintour (1571 or 1572 – 31 January 1606), also spelt Winter, were members of the Gunpowder Plot, a failed conspiracy to assassinate King James I. Brothers, they were related to other consp ...
, Gunpowder Plot conspirator (hanged 1606
Events
January–June
* January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins.
* January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...
)
* 1572
** 22 January – John Donne, writer and prelate (died 1631
Events
January–March
* January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany.
* February 5 &ndash ...
)
** c. 3 March – Robert Catesby
Robert Catesby (c. 1572 – 8 November 1605) was the leader of a group of English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.
Born in Warwickshire, Catesby was educated in Oxford. His family were prominent recusant Catholics, and ...
, leader of the Gunpowder Plot (killed 1605
Events
January–June
* January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, ''Don Quixote'' (''El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha'', "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is publ ...
)
** 11 June – Ben Jonson
Benjamin "Ben" Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – c. 16 August 1637) was an English playwright and poet. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence upon English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for t ...
, dramatist (died 1637
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy '' Le Cid'' is first performed, in Paris, France.
* January 16 – The siege of Nagpur ends in what is now the Maharashtra state of India, as Kok Sha ...
)
** John Floyd, Jesuit (died 1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allianc ...
)
** James Mabbe
James Mabbe or Mab (1572–1642) was an English scholar, translator, and poet, and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. He was involved in translations from Spanish, notably of the Picaresque novel by Mateo Alemán, ''Guzmán de Alfarache'', in ...
, scholar and poet (died 1642
Events
January–March
* January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape.
* February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England t ...
)
* 1573
** 15 July – Inigo Jones, architect (died 1652)
** 7 October – William Laud
William Laud (; 7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms, he was arrested by Parliament in 1640 ...
, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1645
Events
January–March
* January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the '' Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...
)
** Richard Johnson Richard or Dick Johnson may refer to:
Academics
* Dick Johnson (academic) (1929–2019), Australian academic
* Richard C. Johnson (1930–2003), professor of electrical engineering
* Richard A. Johnson, artist and professor at the University of ...
, romance writer (died 1659
Events
January–March
* January 14 – In the Battle of the Lines of Elvas, fought near the small city of Elvas in Portugal during the Portuguese Restoration War, the Spanish Army under the command of Luis Méndez de Haro suf ...
)
** John Kendrick, merchant (died 1624
Events
January–March
* January 14 – After 90 years of Ottoman occupation, Baghdad is recaptured by the Safavid Empire.
* January 22 – Korean General Yi Gwal leads an uprising of 12,000 soldiers against King Injo in ...
)
* 1574
** 7 March ''(bapt.)'' – John Wilbye
John Wilbye (baptized 7 March 1574September 1638) was an English madrigal composer.
Early life and education
The son of a tanner, he was born at Brome, Suffolk, England. (Brome is near Diss.)
Career
Wilbye received the patronage of the Cornwa ...
, composer (died 1638
Events January–March
* January 4 –
**A naval battle takes place in the Indian Ocean off of the coast of Goa at South India as a Netherlands fleet commanded by Admiral Adam Westerwolt decimates the Portuguese fleet.
**A fleet of 80 ...
)
** June – Richard Barnfield
Richard Barnfield (baptized 29 June 1574 – 1620) was an English poet.
His obscure though close relationship with William Shakespeare has long made him interesting to scholars. It has been suggested that he was the "rival poet" mentioned in ...
, poet (died 1627
Events
January–March
* January 26 – The Dutch ship t Gulden Zeepaert'', skippered by François Thijssen, makes the first recorded sighting of the coast of South Australia.
* February 15 – The administrative rural p ...
)
** 1 July – Joseph Hall, bishop and satirist (died 1656 in England, 1656)
** 7 August – Robert Dudley (explorer), Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick, explorer and geographer (died 1649
Events
January–March
* January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason.
* January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allianc ...
)
** 4 September – Thomas Gataker, clergyman and theologian (died 1654 in England, 1654)
* 1575
** 5 March – William Oughtred, mathematician (died 1660 in England, 1660)
** 14 August – Robert Hayman, poet (died 1620s in England, 1629)
** Edmund Bolton, historian and poet (died 1633 in England, 1633)
** Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, successful London merchant (died 1645
Events
January–March
* January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the '' Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...
)
** William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle (died 1622
Events
January–May
* January 7 – The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg.
* February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament.
* March 12 – Ignatius of Loy ...
)
**Lady Arbella Stuart, Arbella Stuart, Duchess of Somerset (died 1610s in England, 1615)
** Cyril Tourneur, dramatist (died 1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
* 1576
** October – Thomas Weelkes, composer and organist (died 1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
** 7 October – John Marston (playwright), John Marston, writer (died 1634 in England, 1634)
** 12 October – Thomas Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (died 1652)
** William Ames, Protestant philosopher (died 1633 in England, 1633)
** Possible date – John Carver (Plymouth Colony governor), John Carver, first governor of Plymouth Colony (died 1620s in England, 1621)
* 1577
** 8 February – Robert Burton (scholar), Robert Burton, scholar (died 1640 in England, 1640)
** 9 July – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, governor of Virginia (died 1610s in England, 1618)
** 11 August ''(bapt.)'' – Barnaby Potter, Bishop of Carlisle (died 1642
Events
January–March
* January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape.
* February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England t ...
)
** 20 November ''(bapt.)'' – Samuel Purchas, travel writer (died 1626
Events
January–March
* January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army.
* January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...
)
** Robert Cushman, Plymouth Colony settler (died 1620s in England, 1625)
** William Noy, lawyer and politician (died 1634 in England, 1634)
** Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester (died 1646 in England, 1646)
* 1578
** 2 March – George Sandys, traveller (died 1644 in England, 1644)
** 1 April – William Harvey, physician (died 1657 in England, 1657)
** 16 May – Everard Digby, Gunpowder Plot conspirator (hanged 1606
Events
January–June
* January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins.
* January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...
)
** 24 August – John Taylor (poet), John Taylor, "The Water Poet" (died 1653 in England, 1653)
** Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, lawyer (died 1640 in England, 1640)
** Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland (died 1632
Events
January–March
* January – The Holland's Leaguer (brothel), Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month.
* February 22 – Galileo Galilei, Galileo's ''Dialogue Conce ...
)
** Ambrose Rookwood, Gunpowder Plot conspirator (hanged 1606
Events
January–June
* January 24 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators, for plotting against Parliament and James I of England, begins.
* January 29 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pi ...
)
* 1579
** 13 July – Arthur Dee, physician and alchemist (died 1651 in England, 1651)
** 20 December ''(bapt.)'' – John Fletcher (playwright), John Fletcher, playwright (died 1620s in England, 1625)
** Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading, royalist commander in the English Civil War (died 1652)
Deaths
* 1571
** 12 February – Nicholas Throckmorton, diplomat and politician (born 1510s in England, 1515)
** 1 June – John Story (martyr), John Story, Catholic lawyer, politician and martyr (executed) (born 1504 in England, 1504)
** 23 September – John Jewel, bishop (born 1520s in England, 1522)
* 1572
** January – Robert Pattinson, Robert Pattison, actor (born c. 1530s in England, 1535)
** 10 March – William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester (born c. 1480s in England, 1483)
** 2 June – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, ( Kenninghall, Norfolk, 10 March 1536Tower Hill, London, 2 June 1572) was an English nobleman and politician. Although from a family with strong Roman Catholic leanings, he was raised a Protestant. He was ...
(executed) (born 1530s in England, 1536)
** 24 October – Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, politician (born 1500s in England, 1508)
** Christopher Tye, composer and organist (born 1505 in England, 1505)
* 1573
** 12 January – William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham, Lord High Admiral (born 1510s in England, 1510)
** 14 May ''(bur.)'' – Richard Grafton, merchant and printer (born c. 1506/7 or 1511)
** 29 July – John Caius, physician (born 1510s in England, 1510)
** Late – Reginald Wolfe, printer (year of birth unknown)
* 1574
** circa 7 November - Robert White (composer), Robert White, composer (born 1538)
* 1575
** 17 May – Matthew Parker
Matthew Parker (6 August 1504 – 17 May 1575) was an English bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Church of England from 1559 until his death in 1575. He was also an influential theologian and arguably the co-founder (with a p ...
, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1504 in England, 1504)
** 14 July – Richard Taverner, Bible translator (born 1505 in England, 1505)
* 1576
** 22 September – Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex (born 1540s in England, 1541)
* 1577
** 12 August – Thomas Smith (diplomat), Thomas Smith, scholar and diplomat (born 1510s in England, 1513)
** 7 October – George Gascoigne, poet (born c. 1520s in England, 1525)
** 29 November – Cuthbert Mayne
Cuthbert Mayne (c. 1543–29 November 1577) was an English Roman Catholic priest executed under the laws of Elizabeth I. He was the first of the seminary priests, trained on the Continent, to be martyred. Mayne was beatified in 1886 and canonise ...
, recusant Catholic priest and martyr, canonised (executed) (born 1540s in England, 1543)
* 1578
** 7 March – Margaret Douglas, Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, member of the royal family, diplomat (born 1510s in England, 1515)
** 29 March – Arthur Champernowne, admiral (born 1520s in England, 1524)
** 20 June – Thomas Doughty (explorer), Thomas Doughty, explorer (executed) (year of birth unknown)
** 27 July – Jane Lumley, Baroness Lumley, Jane Lumley, translator (born 1530s in England, 1537)
** 4 August – Thomas Stukley, Thomas Stucley, adventurer (born 1520s in England, 1525)
** December – Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor (born 1500s in England, 1501)
* 1579
** 20 February – Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper), Nicholas Bacon, politician (born 1500s in England, 1509)
** 20 May – Isabella Markham, courtier (born 1520s in England, 1527)
** 10 June – William Whittingham, Biblical scholar and religious reformer (born 1520s in England, 1524)
** 21 November – Thomas Gresham, merchant and financier (born 1510s in England, 1519)
References
{{England year nav
1570s in England,