12th Corps (People's Republic Of China)

The 71st Group Army () is a formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Forces (PLAGF). The 71st Group Army, formerly the 12th Army or 12th Corps, is one of twelve total group armies of the PLAGF, the largest echelon of ground forces in the People's Republic of China. Assigned to the nation's Eastern Theater Command, the primary mission of the 71st Group Army is likely preparation for conflict in or about the Taiwan Strait. The unit is headquartered in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province.

History

The origin of the 12th Army lies in the surrender of the 74th Division of the Chinese Nationalist National Revolutionary Army, as well as with the sixth column of the Second Field Army. On 9 February 1949, the 34th, 35th and the 36th Divisions were incorporated into the Twelfth Army. On 29 November 1949, Chongqing was captured and later the Battle of Chengdu was fought.

In December 1950, the 12th Army entered the Korean War as the 12th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (), quickly finding itself involved in the Chinese Fifth Phase (Spring) Offensive. The 12th Army's most notable contribution to the war was the 1952 Operation Showdown, known in Chinese as the Shangganling Campaign. Despite constant barrages of artillery fire and bombings, the 12th Corps, temporarily placed under command of the PVA 15th Corps, held Sniper Ridge against Republic of Korea forces and those of the United States Army's 7th Infantry Division.. Although incurring catastrophic casualties,. the Chinese claimed victory in the battle and would go on to produce several major motion picture films such as ''Battle on Shangganling Mountain'' depicting the saga..

In April 1954, the 12th Army departed North Korea and returned to garrison in China in Heifei City, Anhui Province and Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. During the military downsizing by Deng Xiaoping, the 12th Army was reorganized into the 12th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army and given the Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) Unit 83226. The MUCD was changed again to Unit 73061 under the Nanjing Military Region. On 1 August 1983, the 2nd Tank Division was attached to the 12th Army Corps. Later, in May 1989, the 12th Army's 34th, 36th and 110th Divisions, Artillery Brigade, and Anti-Aircraft Battalion were deployed to Beijing to enforce martial law and suppress the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.Based on Wu Renhua's study. (Chines
Wu Renhua, "进京的戒严部队和进京路线" 《1989天安门事件二十周年祭》系列之十二
Accessed 29 June 2013

In 2016, as part of General Secretary Xi Jinping's dissolution of the nation's military regions and establishment of theater commands, in which the 12th Group Army was assigned to the Eastern Theater Command. On 18 April 2017, Xi announced the reorganization and redesignation of military units, including changing the 12th Group Army to its present day designation, 71st Group Army.

Organization

The 71st Group Army was first commanded by Major General Wang Yinfang from March 2017 to January 2018 until he was succeeded by Major General Li Zhonglin in January 2018. The group army's political commissar was Major General Xu Deqing from March 2017 to May 2018 when Yin Hongxing succeeded him. As of 2022, Xu serves as the Central Theater Command's political commissar.

The 71st Group Army appears to comprise six combined-arms maneuver brigades, four of which are heavy (armored), one medium ( mechanized), and one light ( motorized) and each of which lead four combined-arms battalions. These combined arms brigades are the PLAGF's basic operational unit, likely following the United States' and later Russia's transition from division-centric warfare to brigade-centric warfare. The 71st Group Army also commands six combat support brigades.

Since 2017, the 71st Group Army commands the following subordinate units.

* 2nd Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
* 35th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
* 160th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
* 178th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
* 179th Light Combined-Arms Brigade
* 235th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
* 71st Artillery Brigade
* 71st Army Aviation Brigade
* 71st Air Defense Brigade
* 71st Special Operations Brigade
* 71st Engineering and Chemical Defense Brigade
* 71st Service Support Brigade

References

Works cited

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{{Structure of People's Liberation Army Ground Force since 2017

Field armies of the People's Liberation Army
Eastern Theater Command
Nanjing Military Region
Military units and formations established in 1949