Year 1168 ( MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Levant

* Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and Byzantine emperor Manuel I (Komnenos), negotiate an alliance against Fatimid- Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople, to finalize the treaty. * Autumn – William IV, count of Nevers, arrives in

Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...

with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide on an expedition to Egypt. * October 20 – Amalric I invades Egypt again from Ascalon, sacking Bilbeis and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the Nile and arrives in Lake Manzala, sacking the town of Tanis. *

Nur al-Din Nur al-Din ( ar, translit=nūr ad-dīn, نور الدين) is a male Arabic given name, translating to "light of the religion", ''nūr'' meaning "light" and ''dīn'' meaning "religion". More recently, the name has also been used as a surname. There ...

, Zangid ruler (''

atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was wit ...

'') of

Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...

, sends an expedition under General Shirkuh to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph Al-Adid. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.

Egypt

* December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day

Old Cairo Old Cairo (Arabic: مصر القديمة , Miṣr al-Qadīma, Egyptian pronunciation: Maṣr El-ʾAdīma) is a historic area in Cairo, Egypt, which includes the site of a Roman-era fortress and of Islamic-era settlements pre-dating the founding of ...

) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.

Europe

* March 27 –

Patrick of Salisbury Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury ( 11221168) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and the uncle of the famous William Marshal. His parents were Walter of Salisbury and Sibyl de Chaworth. Before 1141, Patrick was constable of Salisbury, a po ...

, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at

Poitiers Poitiers (, , , ; Poitevin: ''Poetàe'') is a city on the River Clain in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and the historical centre of Poitou. In 2017 it had a population of 88,291. Its agglomerat ...

by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household. * King Valdemar I (the Great) of Denmark conquers the Wendish capital city of Arkona on the island of Rügen (modern Germany). The Wends become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty. * Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, marries the 12-year-old Matilda (or Maud), daughter of King Henry II of England. * The newly born Commune of Rome conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of Albano (modern Italy). *

Stephen du Perche Stephen du Perche (1137 or 1138 – 1169) was the chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily (1166–68) and Archbishop of Palermo (1167–68) during the early regency of his cousin, the queen dowager Margaret of Navarre (1166–71). Stephen is desc ...

, Sicilian chancellor, is accused of plotting to claim the throne and is forced to flee.

Asia

* April 9 – Emperor Rokujō is deposed by his grandfather, retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, after an 8-month reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old uncle, Takakura, as the 80th emperor of

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. * Yuanqu County (known as Wanting County) in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.

By topic

Religion

* September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.

Births

* April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d.

1242 Year 1242 ( MCCXLII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Prince Alexander Nevsky is joined by his brother Andrey II (Yaroslavic ...

) * August 31 –

Zhang Zong Zhang Zong (; 16 May 1929 – 27 August 2019) was a Chinese crystallographer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Biography Zhang was born in Yixing, Jiangsu, on May 16, 1929. After graduating from Nankai High School ...

, Chinese emperor (d.

1208 Year 1208 ( MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Asia * April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for ...

) * November 19 – Ning Zong, Chinese emperor (d.

1224 Year 1224 ( MCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – Battle of Poimanenon: Byzantine forces under Emperor John III (D ...

) * Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231) *

Robert of Braybrooke Robert of Braybrooke or Robert le May (1168–1210) was a medieval landowner, justice and sheriff. Biography He was born at Braybrooke, Northamptonshire the son of justiciar Ingebald de Braybrooke and his wife Albreda de Neumarche. Le May accumu ...

, English High Sheriff (d. 1210) * Robert of Courtenay, French nobleman and knight (d.

1239 Year 1239 ( MCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Summer – A German expeditionary force under Emperor Frederick II invades the R ...

) * Temüge (or Otgon), brother of

Genghis Khan ''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan'' , birth_name = Temüjin , successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan , spouse = , issue = , house = Borjigin , ...

(d.

1246 Year 1246 ( MCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * February 28 – Siege of Jaén: Castilian forces, led by King Ferdinand III (the Sai ...

) * William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)

Deaths

* January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b.

1099 Year 1099 ( MXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place First Crusade * January 16 – The Crusaders, under Raymond IV, count of Toulouse (Raymond of ...

) * March 27 –

, Norman nobleman (b.

1122 Year 1122 ( MCXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Battle of Beroia: Emperor John II Komnenos transfers the Byzantine field army fr ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b.

1104 Year 1104 ( MCIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – The Byzantines re-occupy the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana an ...

) * September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b.

1110 Year 1110 ( MCX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By date * May 5: Lunar eclipse, in which the moon became totally dark according to the Peterborough Chronicle, d ...

) * October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers * November 5 – Hugh IX (Lusignan), French nobleman * Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097) * Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b.

1088 Year 1088 ( MLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Almoravid forces (supported with fighters from local Andalusian provinces), under Sult ...

) * Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b.

1115 Year 1115 ( MCXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * September 14 – Battle of Sarmin: The Crusaders, under Prince Roger of Salerno, surp ...

) * Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b.

1103 Year 1103 ( MCIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Spring – Bohemond I, Norman prince of Antioch, is released from Seljuk imprison ...

)

References

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