Štefan Marko Daxner, hu, tóth-zabari Daxner István Márk (22 December 1822, Tiszolcz (german: Theißholz, sk,

Tisovec Tisovec ( hu, Tiszolc, german: Theissholz or ''Theissholcz'', Latin: ''Taxovia'') is a town in central Slovakia. Its population is around 4,000. Location and landscape Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foot of th ...

), Gömör-Kis-Hont,

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

11 April 1891, Tiszolc,

) was an ethnic Slovak lower nobleman, politician, lawyer, and poet in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was a member of what became known as the

Ľudovít Štúr Ľudovít Velislav Štúr (; hu, Stur Lajos; 28 October 1815 – 12 January 1856), known in his era as Ludevít Štúr, (pen names : B. Dunajský, Bedlivý Ludorob, Boleslav Záhorský, Brat Slovenska, Ein Slave, Ein ungarischer Slave, Karl Wi ...

generation. His family ( hu, a }) is an old lower noble family, which emigrated from Switzerland to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th century.

Biography

Daxner studied at the Lutheran Lyceum (preparatory high school plus freshmen college) of Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava) and at the College of Prešov (Eperjes). Between 1846 and 1872 he was a lawyer in Tisovec (Tiszolc), an official of several

counties A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

and an associate judge of the Commercial Court of

Debrecen Debrecen ( , is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and ...

. In 1847, just before the 1848-1849 Revolution, Daxner outlined a program unifying the requests for national (Slovak), cultural, political and social liberties. He was sentenced to death by Hungarian authorities in 1848, but was freed by the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army (which was fighting together with Slovaks against the Hungarians) and became a captain of a unit of Slovak volunteers during the 1848-1849 revolution. He was a co-author of the Slovak Requests of Liptovský Mikuláš (Liptószentmiklós, 1848), Requests of the Slovak Nation (1848),

Memorandum of the Slovak Nation A memorandum ( : memoranda; abbr: memo; from the Latin ''memorandum'', "(that) which is to be remembered") is a written message that is typically used in a professional setting. Commonly abbreviated "memo," these messages are usually brief and ...

in 1861, and was one of the founders of the

Matica slovenská Matica Slovenská (en. Slovak Matica) is a Slovak national, cultural and scientific organization headquartered in Martin, Slovakia. It was founded in 1863 and revived in 1919. The organisation has facilities in the Slovak Republic as well a ...

(Slovak Foundation) in 1863. He was also a founder of the first Slovak Gymnasium in

Revúca Revúca (; formerly ''Veľká Revúca'' in Slovak; german: Groß-Rauschenbach; hu, Nagyrőce) is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District. Etymology The name is of Slovak origin and was initially t ...

(Nagyrőce) in 1862. He is buried at the

National Cemetery in Martin The National Cemetery ( sk, Národný cintorín) in Martin, Slovakia is the final resting place of many important personalities of Slovak history. The list includes writers, poets, national activists, pedagogues, etc. The reason why Martin was se ...

Philosophical views

Lukáš Perný emphasizes that Daxner transformed

Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...

's idea of

equality Equality may refer to: Society * Political equality, in which all members of a society are of equal standing ** Consociationalism, in which an ethnically, religiously, or linguistically divided state functions by cooperation of each group's elit ...

between people into the idea of equality between nations and also adds that Daxner was one of the most advanced social and philosophers of law in the Slovak 19th century. Dalimír Hajko states that "all of Daxner's political considerations published in the press were directly connected primarily with questions of practical ethics and philosophical questions of law, because it was these problem areas that most recently connected with the national emancipation process…" Rudolf Dupkala recalls that Daxner followed the Štúr´s understanding of the

nation A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective Identity (social science), identity of a group of people unde ...

, the concept of the social contract according to J. J. Rousseau and

the French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

. DUPKALA, R. (jr): Sociálno-politické myslenie Š. M. Daxnera. In: SPOŁECZEŃSTWO I EDUKACJA Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne 1/2012, s. 99-105.

Sources

Brief Biography
@ Osobnosti.
Biographical notes
@ O Škole.
Brief biography
@ the Prešov website.

External links

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daxner, Stefan Marko 1822 births 1891 deaths People from Tisovec People from the Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian nobility Slovak nobility Hungarian people of Swiss descent Slovak people of Swiss descent Slovak National Party (historical) politicians 19th-century Hungarian writers 19th-century Slovak people 19th-century Hungarian lawyers Slovak writers Slovak lawyers Burials at National Cemetery in Martin