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The Å koda 14Tr is a
Between 1972 and 1998, 3,263 14Tr trolleybuses were built,Šindelář, s. 129. plus two bodies that were used for the prototype TV-14Tr trolley-trainŠindelář, s. 96. (a total of 3,265 units).
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
*Czech, ...
trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
that was produced from 1981 to 1998. Prototypes were built in 1972 and 1974.
After the unsuccessful attempt to merge the Karosa Å M 11 bus and the Å koda T 11 trolleybus and the cancelled Å koda 13Tr project, a new style of trolleybus was designed in the early 1970s, designated the 14Tr. Development was halted because of plans to replace trolleybuses by diesel
Diesel may refer to:
* Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression
* Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines
* Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engin ...
buses, but the 1973 oil crisis
The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supp ...
led to a re-evaluation and work on the 14Tr resumed.
Description
The 14Tr is a two-axle trolleybus with unibody construction. Its structure consists of mutually welded elements: the frame, side walls, roof and ends. Each component is welded together from steel shapes and castings. The body is covered with a steel skin; the section below the windows is thermally insulated and soundproofed. The interior is surfaces with plastic paneling. Domestic buses have three twin-leaf folding doors on the right side, while export units only have two. Transverse passenger seats are covered in leatherette. Electrical equipment uses the samethyristor
A thyristor () is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P- and N-type materials used for high-power applications. It acts exclusively as a bistable switch (or a latch), conducting when the gate receives a current ...
pulse control as the 9Tr trolleybus.
Production and operation
Between 1972 and 1998, 3,263 14Tr trolleybuses were built,Šindelář, s. 129. plus two bodies that were used for the prototype TV-14Tr trolley-trainŠindelář, s. 96. (a total of 3,265 units).
Electric Transit, Inc.
From 1994 to 2004, Electric Transit, Inc. (a joint venture between Å koda andAAI Corporation
AAI Corporation is an aerospace and defense development and manufacturing firm, located in Hunt Valley, Maryland, US. Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of United Industrial Corporation, AAI was acquired by Textron in 2007. It currently operates ...
) assembled 297 14Tr-based trolleybuses for the transit operators in two cities of the United States: Dayton, Ohio
Dayton () is the sixth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Montgomery County. A small part of the city extends into Greene County. The 2020 U.S. census estimate put the city population at 137,644, while Greater Day ...
and San Francisco
San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
, designated 14TrE/E2 ("E" for "E"xport) and 14TrSF ("S"an "F"rancisco), respectively. To meet "Buy America" requirements for federally-subsidized transit vehicle purchases, incomplete "shells" were manufactured at the Å koda plant in the Czech Republic and shipped to an American facility in Hunt Valley, Maryland
Hunt Valley is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States, near the site of the Maryland Hunt Cup Steeplechase. It lies just north of the city of Baltimore, along York Road (Maryland Route 45), parallel to Intersta ...
for initial fitting-out. Final fitting-out was performed at leased facilities in the client cities.
Summary
14TrM production started in 1995 and continued until 2003. A planned order for Gatchina, Russia was cancelled when construction of the trolleybus system stopped in 2005.
References
See also
{{DEFAULTSORT:Skoda 14Tr Buses of the Czech Republic Trolleybuses Å koda vehicles Vehicles introduced in 1981