Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin
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Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin Efendi (; ; 11 October 1857 – 1 February 1916) was an Ottoman prince, the eldest son of Sultan
Abdülaziz Abdulaziz (; ; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was 1876 Ottoman coup d'état, overthrown in a government coup. He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother ...
and his first consort
Dürrinev Kadın Dürrinev Kadın, also spelled Dürrünev Kadın (; "''new pearl''"; born Princess Melek Dziapş-lpa; 15 March 1835 – 4 December 1895) was the Baş Kadin (chief consort) of Sultan Abdulaziz of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Dürrinev Ka ...
.


Early life and education

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin was born on 29 September 1857 in the
Dolmabahçe Palace Dolmabahçe Palace ( ) is a 19th-century imperial palace located in Istanbul, Turkey, along the European shore of the Bosporus, which served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922. Histor ...
. His father was Sultan
Abdulaziz Abdulaziz (; ; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup. He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdulmejid I in 1861. Ab ...
, who was then a prince, and his mother was Dürrünev Kadın, eldest daughter of Prince Mahmud Dziapş-lpa and his wife Princess Halime Çikotua. He had a full sister, Fatma Saliha Sultan, five years younger than him, and a full brother,
Şehzade Mehmed Selim Şehzade Mehmed Selim Efendi (; 11 January 1870 – 5 May 1937) was an Ottoman prince, the eldest son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his consort Bedrifelek Kadın. Early life Şehzade Mehmed Selim was born on 11 January 1870 in the Dolmab ...
, nine years younger than him. He was brought up concealed in the villa of Kadir Bey, molla of Mecca, located in Eyüp, because at the time it was forbidden for the Ottoman princes to have children before ascending the throne. His birth was kept a secret until his father ascended the throne in 1861. Izzeddin's early education took place in the Prince's School,
Dolmabahçe Palace Dolmabahçe Palace ( ) is a 19th-century imperial palace located in Istanbul, Turkey, along the European shore of the Bosporus, which served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922. Histor ...
. His tutors were Miralay Süleyman Bey, Ömer Efendi, Tophane Müfti Ömer Lutfi Efendi, Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, and Gürcü Şerif Efendi. He took his French lessons from the Sultan's head doctor Marko Pasha, and Sakızlı Ohannes Pasha's son-in-law Şarl. Izzeddin was circumcised on 20 June 1870. Other princes who were circumcised along with Izzeddin included
Şehzade Selim Süleyman Şehzade Selim Süleyman (; 25 July 1860 – 16 July 1909) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I, and one of his consorts Serfiraz Hanım. Early life Şehzade Selim Süleyman was born on 25 July 1860 in the Do ...
and Şehzade Mehmed Vahideddin, sons of Sultan
Abdulmejid I ʻAbd al-Majīd (ALA-LC romanization of , ), also spelled as Abd ul Majid, Abd ul-Majid, Abd ol Majid, Abd ol-Majid, and Abdolmajid, is a Muslim male given name and, in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' ʻabd'' and ''al-Maj ...
;
Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin Efendi (; 5 August 1861 – 29 April 1915) was an Ottoman prince, the only surviving son of Sultan Murad V, and his second consort Reftarıdil Kadın. Early life Şehzade Mehmed Selaheddin was born on 5 August 186 ...
, son of crown prince Murad;
Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin Efendi (; 14 November 1862 – 1 September 1888) was an Ottoman prince, son of Sultan Abdulaziz and his consort Edadil Kadın. Early life Celaleddin was born on 14 November 1862 in the Dolmabahçe Palace. His father ...
, Izzeddin's own brother; and Sultanzade Alaeddin Bey, son of Münire Sultan, daughter of Abdulmejid.


Military career and public life

In November 1861, Izzeddin, then a child of four, was enlisted in the army and was quickly promoted. On 2 September 1862 and 3 April 1863, his father took him along a trip to Izmit and Egypt respectively. In 1866, then nine years of age, he was appointed Lieutenant colonel in the imperial
Ottoman Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...
, and was screaming commands to his battalion in his child's voice during a parade at Pangatlı when Prince Karl von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen visited Istanbul in October, 1866. A fountain was commissioned in
Tophane Tophane () (lit. "Armoury") is a quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, running downhill from Galata to the shore of the Bosphorus where it joins up with Karaköy to the southwest and Fındıklı to the northeast. In the Ottoman ...
in his name that same year. On 3 September 1867, aged ten, Izzeddin received the rank of Colonel, and his father took him along a trip to the European capitals. On 15 July 1868, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First Imperial Army. In 1868 he met
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last ...
and the
Empress Eugénie The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...
. In 1869, he met with the Prince of Wales Edward (future
Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second child ...
) and Princess of Wales
Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was List of British royal consorts, queen-consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, from 22 Januar ...
, when they visited Istanbul. 30 May 1870, he was given the rank of Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment of both the First and the Second Imperial Army. On 3 November 1871, at the age of fourteen, Izzeddin was appointed the Chief of Staff of the First Imperial Army with the rank of Lieutenant-General, and soon after, on 18 April 1872, was appointed commander of the First Army, the Imperial Army. In 1874, aged seventeen, he appeared with his father, right after the Grand vizier, the Şeyhülislam and the ministers at the awards ceremonies for graduates of the imperial, medical, and military schools. He delivered the congratulatory speech to the graduates.


Succession question

After Abdülaziz's accession to the throne, Prince
Murad Murad or Mourad () is an Arabic name. It is also common in Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Turkish, Persian, and Berber as a male given name or surname and is commonly used throughout the Muslim world and Middle East. Etymology It is derived ...
became heir to the throne. However, Abdulaziz began considering changing the rule of succession in favour of Izzeddin, his favorite son. For this purpose Abdulaziz set out to mollify different pressure groups and have his son gain popularity among them. During the 1867 visit to Europe, rumors spread that contrary to the rules of protocol Abdulaziz arranged Izzeddin's reception in Paris and London before the official heir, Prince Murad. A new propaganda strategy was employed as pictures of Izzeddin appeared in the weekly journal "Ayine-i Vatan" in 1867. It was rumoured that Mehmed Arif, the editor, received a huge grant in return for his cooperation. In one of the pictures, Izzeddin was shown wearing a military uniform. He spent most of his teenage years in barracks, and many high-ranking military men, and higher level bureaucrats were given gifts in return for their support for this situation. When the conservative
Mahmud Nedim Pasha Mahmud Nedim Pasha () was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, who served as Grand Vizier o ...
became the Grand Vizier in September 1871 he lent his support to Abdulaziz's plans. A whispering campaign was generated in the first months of 1872 to the effect that Abdulaziz had obtained the verbal approval of the Şeyhülislam and that the later would give a
fatwa A fatwa (; ; ; ) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist ('' faqih'') in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government. A jurist issuing fatwas is called a ''mufti'', ...
in favour of filial succession. Although the Palace denied the rumors, and Mahmud Nedim Pasha asserted that such a change was not on the agenda, Izzeddin was still being favoured in the protocol. An order sent by Vittorio Emanuele, the King of Italy, the official heir to the throne was presented to Izzeddin. In 1874, his portrait and biography appeared on the front page of "L'Orient Illustre", a French language weekly published in Istanbul. Heretofore, only the portrait of the reigning Sultan had been published by that journal. To further legitimize his plans, Abdulaziz tactically supported a change to
primogeniture Primogeniture () is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn Legitimacy (family law), legitimate child to inheritance, inherit all or most of their parent's estate (law), estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some childre ...
in the
Muhammad Ali dynasty The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its progenitor, the Albanians, Albanian Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, regarded as the fou ...
of Egypt. By granting primogeniture to
Isma'il Pasha Isma'il Pasha ( ; 25 November 1830 or 31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), also known as Ismail the Magnificent, was the Khedive of Egypt and ruler of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain and France. Shari ...
in 1866, Abdulaziz was clearly seeking to create a positive climate of opinion about a change in favour of his own son. Significantly, at this time the newspapers reported that a ship very much like the one owned by the
Khedive Khedive ( ; ; ) was an honorific title of Classical Persian origin used for the sultans and grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire, but most famously for the Khedive of Egypt, viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1914.Adam Mestyan"Khedive" ''Encyclopaedi ...
was to be constructed for Izzeddin.


Abdul Hamid's reign

Izzeddin's father, Abdulaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876, and his nephew Murad became the Sultan. He was transferred to
Feriye Palace The Feriye Palace () is a complex of Ottoman imperial palace buildings along the European shoreline of the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, Turkey. Currently, the buildings host educational institutions such as a high school and a university. Histo ...
the next day. On 4 June 1876, Abdulaziz died under mysterious circumstances. As both of Emine Sultan, Izzeddin's half-sister, parents died in the summer of 1876, when she was not yet two years old, Izzeddin raised her in his household. He welcomed also his half-siblings
Esma Sultan Esma or ESMA may refer to: Acronyms * ''Escuela Superior Militar de Aviación "Cosme Rennella B."'', Ecuadorian Air Force * Former ''Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada'', used as a detention centre in Argentina 1976–1983, now Navy Petty- ...
and
Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin Efendi (; 22 September 1874 – 19 October 1927) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Abdulaziz and Gevheri Kadın. Early life Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin was born on 22 September 1874 in the Çırağan Palace. His ...
, and their mother, Gevheri Kadin. After reigning for three months, Murad was deposed on 30 August 1876, his half-brother, Sultan
Abdul Hamid II Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernizati ...
ascended the throne. After which Murad and his family were then confined to the
Çırağan Palace Çırağan Palace (), a former Ottoman palace, is now a five-star hotel in the Kempinski Hotels chain. It is located on the European shore of the Bosporus, between Beşiktaş and Ortaköy in Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Suite, billed at pe ...
. Abdul Hamid was suspicious of Izzeddin, and for this reason had a police station built opposite his country house. In 1906, some sources claimed that Izzeddin had plotted together with Ali Şamil Pasha, to depose the Sultan. The
Committee of Union and Progress The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French language, French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 ...
considered parliamentarism and constitutionalism important because of the strength of the counterrevolutionary elements in the empire. Beyond that, the CUP was also quite respectful of the Ottoman dynasty and its policies were not anti-monarchist, and didn't wanted to establish a republican administration because they were aware that the Ottoman dynasty held the empire together. When it was rumoured that Abdul Hamid had attempted to change the system of succession in such a way as to leave the throne to his sons, the CUP had reacted against this fiercely. The CUP wanted, and were successful in gaining the support of the Ottoman princes for maintaining the existing customs, especially the support of Izzeddin, and the heir to the throne, Şehzade Mehmed Reşad (future
Mehmed V Mehmed V Reşâd (; or ; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the penultimate List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Mehmed V reigned as a Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch. He had ...
).


Crown prince

Izzeddin became heir (''Valiahd Şehzade'') to the throne upon the accession of his cousin Sultan
Mehmed V Mehmed V Reşâd (; or ; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the penultimate List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Mehmed V reigned as a Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch. He had ...
on 27 April 1909. By 1910, he was serving as field marshal in the imperial army. In 1910 he represented the
Ottoman dynasty The Ottoman dynasty () consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (), also known as the Ottomans (). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under the leadership of Os ...
in
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
on the occasion of the funeral of Edward VII. In 1911, Izzeddin met with
Eugénie de Montijo Eugénie de Montijo (; born María Eugenia Ignacia Agustina de Palafox y Kirkpatrick; 5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920) was Second French Empire, Empress of the French from her marriage to Napoleon III on 30 January 1853 until he was overthrown on 4 ...
, widow of
Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last ...
, when she paid an unexpected visit to the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
. She had met him previously upon her visit to Istanbul in 1868. He was also politically aware and active. He was known to be anti-CUP and was hostile to Sultan Mehmed's endorsement of the government's war strategy. However, as the CUP closely followed the contacts between the crown prince and anti-CUP politicians, and could control the public impact of their opposition, this did not amount to a significant threat. It was Sultan Mehmed who collaborated with the CUP in preventing the crown prince from engaging in politics. On 14 May 1912, Izzeddin attended the ceremony marking the third anniversary of Sultan Mehmed's reign on Istanbul's Hill of Eternal Liberty. In July 1913, he visited the city of
Edirne Edirne (; ), historically known as Orestias, Adrianople, is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the Edirne Province, province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second c ...
following its recapture from the Bulgarians during the
Second Balkan War The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia and Kingdom of Greece, Greece, on 1 ...
. In July 1915, he visited the Ottoman troops during the Gallipoli campaign. It is rumoured that his visit to Gallipoli provided the demonstration of the rift between the CUP and Izzeddin, who reprimanded
Enver Pasha İsmâil Enver (; ; 23 November 1881 – 4 August 1922), better known as Enver Pasha, was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turkish people, Turkish military officer, revolutionary, and Istanbul trials of 1919–1920, convicted war criminal who was a p ...
for sacrificing the lives of thousands of Ottoman soldiers in vain. In October 1915, Izzeddin and Sultan Mehmed welcomed the Syrian literati, regardless of the obstruction of Hulusi Bey, the governor of Syria. Izzeddin and Prince Vahideddin (future
Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as ''Şahbaba'' () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman Cal ...
) had rivalry with each other. Though, coldly polite to each other, they refused to share the same carriage even for the ceremonies of the state. Vahideddin especially insisted on being considered the second heir apparent. In 1916, Vahideddin persuaded Sultan Mehmed to appoint him the Second Heir Apparent after Izzeddin. He feared that the CUP and Izzeddin, once he became the Sultan, might appoint an heir to the throne of their choice.


Personal life

Izzeddin owned villas in Çamlıca,
Zincirlikuyu Zincirlikuyu is a quarter of the Şişli district on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. Part of Esentepe neighborhood, it is situated on a hilltop on the district border to Beşiktaş in the east. Having undergone redevelopment in recent years ...
, and
Nişantaşı Nişantaşı is a residential quarter in the Şişli district on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. Nişantaşı quarter has four neighbourhoods: Teşvikiye, Maçka, Osmanbey and Pangaltı. The centre of the Nişantaşı quarter is at the ...
. He used to spend the winters in Çamlıca and the summers in Zincirlikuyu. The villa in Çamlıca had been given to him by Tiryal Hanim, one of the
consorts __NOTOC__ Consort may refer to: Music * "The Consort" (Rufus Wainwright song), from the 2000 album ''Poses'' * Consort of instruments, term for instrumental ensembles * Consort song (musical), a characteristic English song form, late 16th–early ...
of his paternal grandfather
Mahmud II Mahmud II (, ; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms ...
. Tiryal loved Abdülaziz as a her own son and Izzeddin as a her own grandson. After he became the crown prince in 1909, he was allocated the apartments of the crown prince located in the
Dolmabahçe Palace Dolmabahçe Palace ( ) is a 19th-century imperial palace located in Istanbul, Turkey, along the European shore of the Bosporus, which served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and from 1909 to 1922. Histor ...
. He married six times and had four children. His first wife was Çeşmiahu Hanım. She was born between 1854 and 1856. She was a Circassian from the Ubykh tribe. Her mother was Mestare Hanım. They married in 1879. Four years later she gave birth to Şehzade Mehmed Bahaeddin in 1883. She died of paralysis in November 1912, and was buried in the mausoleum of Pertevniyal Sultan. His second wife was his maternal first cousin Cavidan Hanım. She was born on 12 January 1870 in her father's mansion in Horhor, Istanbul. Her real name was Esma Süreyya. Her father was Prince Ömer Izzet Pasha
Achba The House of Achba ( Abkhazian:Ачба, ka, ანჩაბაძე), is a Georgian and Abkhazian family, and the oldest surviving noble house originating in Abkhazia. History The Anchabadze family is supposed to have its roots in the e ...
, son of Prince Ahmed Bey Achba (died 1856) and Princess Eşba Hanım (died 1860), and her mother was Princess Ayşe Kemalifer Hanım Dziapş-lpa (1838 – 1901), daughter of Prince Mahmud Bey Dziapş-lpa and Princess Halime Çikotua. They married on 20 May 1885 in the Beşiktaş Palace. She was a calligrapher by avocation. After Izzeddin's death in 1916, she continued to live in his villa in Çamlıca. After the imperial family went into exile in 1924, she settled in her father's mansion in Horhor, where she died on 21 September 1933. His third wife was Nazikeda Hanım. She was born on 30 May 1872 in Sukhumi, Abkhazia. Her real name was Aliye. She was the daughter of Halil Bey Aredba. She had two younger sisters, Rumeysa Hanım and Pakize Hanım. She was the cousin of Emine Nazikeda Kadın, consort of Sultan
Mehmed VI Mehmed VI Vahideddin ( ''Meḥmed-i sâdis'' or ''Vaḥîdü'd-Dîn''; or /; 14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926), also known as ''Şahbaba'' () among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman Cal ...
. In 1876, she had been brought to Istanbul as a young child, where she was entrusted to the imperial harem. She was then sent to
Cemile Sultan Cemile Sultan (; "''beautiful, radiant''"; 17 August 1843 – 26 February 1915) was an Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Düzdidil Hanım. She was the half sister of Sultans Murad V, Abdul Hamid II, Mehme ...
's palace in Kandilli, where her name according to the custom of the Ottoman court was changed to Nazikeda. She was then sent to the harem of Izzeddin. They married on 6 July 1886 in the Beşiktaş Palace. After Izzeddin's death in 1916, she settled in his villa in Zincirlikuyu. In 1925, she went to Egypt and stayed there with her stepdaughters, Şükriye Sultan and Mihrişah Sultan. She returned to Turkey in 1928, and settled in Kadirköy,
Sivas Sivas is a city in central Turkey. It is the seat of Sivas Province and Sivas District.İl Beledi ...
. In 1934, in accordance to the
Surname Law The Surname Law () of the Republic of Turkey is a law adopted on 21 June 1934, requiring all citizens of Turkey to adopt the use of fixed, hereditary surnames. Prior to 1934, Turkish families in the major urban centres had names by which they were ...
, she took the surname "Avcı". In late 1930s, she went to
Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...
because of inheritance issues, and returned to Turkey in the early 1940s. She died on 18 March 1945 in Kadirköy, Sivas, and was buried there. His fourth wife was Tazende Hanım. She was born on 10 October 1875 in Poti, Abkhazia. Her real name was Faika. She was an Abkhazian or a Circassian. They married on 14 October 1892 in the Beşiktaş Palace. She was his favourite wife. After Izzeddin's death in 1916, she settled in his villa in Nişantaşı. She had adopted a girl named Seza. After the imperial family went into exile in 1924, she settled in a house on Çevirmeci Street in
Ortaköy Ortaköy (, ''Middle Village)'' is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beşiktaş, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 9,121 (2024). It is on the European shore of the Bosphorus. it was originally a small fishing villag ...
. In 1934, in accordance to the Surname Law, she took the surname "Yücesan". She died on 16 June 1950, and was buried in Yahya Efendi Cemetery. His fifth wife was Ebruniyaz Hanım. She was an Abkhazian. After Izzeddin's death in 1916, she continued to live in his villa in Çamlıca. After the imperial family went into exile in 1924, she fell into a difficult situation. She then bought a house in Fatih, however, when her condition got worse, she went to live with Cavidan Hanım in Horhor. His sixth wife was Leman Hanım. She was born on 6 June 1888 in
Batumi Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), second-largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast ...
, Georgia. She was a Circassian. They married on 4 February 1902 in the Çamlıca Villa. Four years later she gave birth to Hatice Şükriye Sultan in 1906, followed by Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin in 1908, and Mihriban Mihrişah Sultan in 1916. At Izzeddin's death, when she was a few months pregnant with their third child, she resided as a guest in Dolmabahçe Palace for four months as she sought the distribution of the estate of the late prince from Sultan
Mehmed V Mehmed V Reşâd (; or ; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the penultimate List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Mehmed V reigned as a Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch. He had ...
. She then settled in Beşiktaş Palace, where she give birth, and finally in Izzeddin's villa in Çamlıca. In 1934, in accordance with the Surname Law, she took the surname "Ünlüsoy". She died on 3 August 1953, and was buried in the graveyard of Selâmi Efendi. Cavidan Hanım, Nazikeda Hanım, Tazende Hanım, and Ebruniyaz Hanım received first class Order of Charity, when Izzeddin became the crown prince.


Suicide

Yusuf Izzeddin suffered from his role of heir and lived his later years in a kind of paranoia, fearful that he would be removed from the line of succession. Yusuf Izzeddin demanded that everyone, and even the Sultan Mehmed V, swear to God that he would not be removed from the position. The Sultan, due to his compassionate character, wrote a note with his very own hand assuring him that he was still the heir. But the effect of assurances in this matter was momentary; his suspicions returned after a couple of hours again, until he committed suicide on 1 February 1916 in his villa at Zincirlikuyu, Istanbul. He was buried in the mausoleum of his grandfather Sultan
Mahmud II Mahmud II (, ; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms ...
.


Personality

He was described a conservative and pious person, and was also known as a proud and arrogant man. According to Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, he had a nervous trembling that gripped his face and entire body. Izzeddin suffered from anxiety and depression, and an attendant recalled that he often refused to drink beverages out of fear of being poisoned.


Honours

;Ottoman honours * Order of the House of Osman, Jeweled * Order of Distinction, Jeweled * Order of Osmanieh, Jeweled * Order of the Medjidie, Jeweled, ''18 April 1872'' * Order of Glory, Jeweled, ''14 September 1910'' * Ottoman War Medal * Outstanding Navy Medal in Gold * Hicaz Demiryolu Medal in Gold * Hilal-i Ahmer Medal in Gold * Imtiyaz Medal in Silver * Imtiyaz Medal in Gold ;Foreign honours * : Neshan-e Aqdas, Jeweled, ''September 1873'' * : Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Saint-Charles The Order of Saint Charles (; Monégasque: ''U̍rdine de San Carlu'') is a dynastic order of knighthood established in Monaco on 15 March 1858. Award This order rewards service to the State or Prince. In particular cases, it may be grante ...
, ''15 May 1874'' * :
Order of Karađorđe's Star Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * ...
, ''9 June 1911'' * :
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order () is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria. It recognises distinguished personal service to the monarch, members of the royal family, or to any viceroy or senior representative of the m ...
, ''19 June 1911'' * : Order of Carol I, 1st Class, ''27 August 1911'' *
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
: Order of the Black Eagle of Prussia, ''2 September 1911'' ;Namesakes *
Izzeddin Fortress The Izzeddin Fortress (; ''Izzeddin'' means "Glory of the Faith") is an Ottoman fortress in Souda Bay, Crete, near the village of Kalami, best known for its role as a prison for political prisoners in 20th-century Greece. The fortress was esta ...
on
Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...
, established in 1872 when the island was part of the Ottoman Empire, was named after Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin.


Military appointments

*''1866'': Lieutenant colonel, Ottoman Army *''3 September 1867'': Colonel, Ottoman Army *''15 July 1868'': Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First Imperial Army *''30 May 1870'': Brigadier of the Pure Infantry Regiment in the First and Second Imperial Army *''3 November 1871'': Chief of Staff of the First Imperial Army as Lieutenant-General *''18 April 1872'': Commander of the First Imperial Army as Lieutenant-General *'' 1910'': Field Marshal, Ottoman Army


Issue


In literature

*Izzeddin is a minor character in T. Byram Karasu's historical novel ''Of God and Madness: A Historical Novel'' (2007). *Izzeddin is a character in Ayşe Osmanoğlu's historical novel The Gilded Cage on the Bosphorus (2020).


Ancestry


References


Sources

* * * * * * * * *


External links

*
Family Tree
descendants of Sultan
Mahmud II Mahmud II (, ; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms ...
. Retrieved 2014-10-04. {{DEFAULTSORT:Yusuf Izzettin Efendi 1857 births 1916 deaths Ottoman princes Georgians from the Ottoman Empire Heirs apparent who never acceded Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st class Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles Annulled Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Crown princes Sons of sultans Sons of caliphs