Śrīpati ( – 1066), also transliterated as Shri-pati, was an Indian

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galax ...

astrologer Astrology is a range of Divination, divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions ...

and

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

. His major works include ''Dhīkotida-karana'' (1039), a work of twenty verses on

solar Solar may refer to: Astronomy * Of or relating to the Sun ** Solar telescope, a special purpose telescope used to observe the Sun ** A device that utilizes solar energy (e.g. "solar panels") ** Solar calendar, a calendar whose dates indicate t ...

and

lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, ...

s; '' Dhruva-mānasa'' (written in 1056), a work of 105 verses on calculating planetary

longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east- west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek lett ...

s, eclipses and planetary transits; '' Siddhānta-śekhara'' a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters; and '' Gaṇita-tilaka'', an incomplete

arithmetic Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that deals with numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. ...

al treatise in 125 verses based on a work by

Shridhara Śrīdhara or Śrīdharācārya (8th–9th century) was an Indian mathematician, known for two extant treatises about arithmetic and practical mathematics, ''Pāṭīgaṇita'' and ''Pāṭīgaṇita-sāra'', and a now-lost treatise about algebra ...

Biography

Śrīpati was born in Rohinikhand in present-day

Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...

, and lived during (–1066. His father was Naga-deva (sometimes written as Namadeva) and his grandfather was Kesava. Śrīpati followed the teachings of

Lalla Lalla ( 720–790 CE) was an Indian Indian mathematics, mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer who belonged to a family of astronomers. Lalla was the son of Trivikrama Bhatta and the grandson of Śâmba."Lalla." Complete Dictionary of Scientif ...

, and wrote on astrology, astronomy and mathematics. He was mainly focused on astrology, and his work on astronomy was aimed at supporting his research on astrology; his work on mathematics, in turn, was aimed at supporting his work on astronomy, such as the study of

sphere A sphere (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ) is a surface (mathematics), surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the Locus (mathematics), set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three ...

s. Śrīpati had introduced one of the main methods of house division in Jyotiṣa, known as Śrīpati Bhāva system.

Works

''Dhīkotida-karana''

''Dhīkotida-karana'' (1039) is 20-verse text that discusses solar and lunar eclipses. Commentaries on this text include: * An ''udaharana'' (1610) by Ramakrishna Bhatta * A ''tippana'' by Dinakara, known from a manuscript copied in 1823

''Dhruva-mānasa''

''Dhruva-mānasa'' (1056) is a 105-verse text on calculating planetary longitudes, eclipses and planetary transits.

''Siddhānta-śekhara''

''Siddhānta-śekhara'' (''Siddhanta-shekhara'') is a major work on astronomy in 19 chapters. Some of the notable chapters include: * Chapter 13:

Arithmetic Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that deals with numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. ...

; comprises 55 verses on arithmetic,

Measurement Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to ...

, and shadow reckoning. * Chapter 14:

Algebra Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with abstract systems, known as algebraic structures, and the manipulation of expressions within those systems. It is a generalization of arithmetic that introduces variables and algebraic ope ...

** discusses various rules of algebra without proof, in verbal form (without algebraic symbols) ** Contains rules of signs for

addition Addition (usually signified by the Plus and minus signs#Plus sign, plus symbol, +) is one of the four basic Operation (mathematics), operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication, and Division (mathematics), divis ...

subtraction Subtraction (which is signified by the minus sign, –) is one of the four Arithmetic#Arithmetic operations, arithmetic operations along with addition, multiplication and Division (mathematics), division. Subtraction is an operation that repre ...

multiplication Multiplication is one of the four elementary mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the other ones being addition, subtraction, and division (mathematics), division. The result of a multiplication operation is called a ''Product (mathem ...

, division, square, square root, cube and cube root of positive and negative quantities ** Contains the rule for solving a

quadratic equation In mathematics, a quadratic equation () is an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,, where the variable (mathematics), variable represents an unknown number, and , , and represent known numbers, where . (If and ...

* Chapter 15:

Sphere A sphere (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ) is a surface (mathematics), surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the Locus (mathematics), set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three ...

The work also contains the rules for the solution of simultaneous

indeterminate equations In mathematics, particularly in number theory, an indeterminate system has fewer equations than unknowns but an additional a set of constraints on the unknowns, such as restrictions that the values be integers. In modern times indeterminate equati ...

of the first degree; these rules are similar to those given by

Brahmagupta Brahmagupta ( – ) was an Indian Indian mathematics, mathematician and Indian astronomy, astronomer. He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the ''Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'' (BSS, "correctly established Siddhanta, do ...

''Gaṇita-tilaka''

''Gaṇita-tilaka'' is an incomplete, 125-verse treatise on arithmetics, based on a work by

. Its lost portion possibly consisted of the verses 19-55 of Chapter 13 of ''Siddhānta-śekhara''.

''Jyotiṣa-ratna-mālā''

''Jyotiṣa-ratna-mālā'' (''Jyotisha-ratna-mala'') is a 20-chapter text on astrology, based on the ''Jyotisha-ratna-kosha'' of

. Śrīpati wrote a commentary on this work in

Marathi language Marathi (; , 𑘦𑘨𑘰𑘙𑘲, , ) is a Classical languages of India, classical Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by Marathi people in the Indian state of Maharashtra and is also spoken in Goa, and parts of Guj ...

: this is one of the oldest surviving Marathi-language works. Commentaries on this text include: * ''Balavaodha'' by Damodara Pandita * ''Bala-bodhini'' by Parama-Karunika * ''Bala-bodhini'', a

Rajasthani language The Rajasthani languages are a group of Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and South Punjab and the adjacent areas of Sindh in Pakistan. T ...

''tika'', by Rayasimha or Rai Singh (–1610), the ruler of

Bikaner Bikaner () is a city in the northwest of the States and territories of India, state of Rajasthan, India. It is located northwest of the state capital, Jaipur. It is the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. Fo ...

; the author may be same as Parama-Karunika * ''Bala-bodhini'' by Vaidyanatha Pandita alias Vaija-pandita, known from several manuscripts, the earliest of which is dated 1493 * A ''vivarana'' by Bhattotpala * ''Dhundhika'' (1763) by Ratna, a pupil of Kshemendra * A ''tika'' by Umapati * A ''tika'' by Rama-sharman * A ''tika'' or ''vivarana'' by Chaturbhuja Mishra, known from two manuscripts, the earliest of which is dated 1793 * A commentary by Mahadeva (fl. 1263), the nephew of Amaraja of Anandapura * A ''didhiti'' by Indradattopadhyaya or Indradatta Upadhyaya

''Jātaka-paddhati''

''Jātaka-paddhati'', also known as ''Śrīpati-paddhatiḥ'' (''Shripati-paddhati''), is an 8-chapter text on astrology. According to

David Pingree David Edwin Pingree (January 2, 1933 – November 11, 2005) was an American historian of mathematics in the ancient world. He was a University Professor and Professor of History of Mathematics and Classics at Brown University. Life Pingree gra ...

, the text is "one of the fundamental textbooks for later Indian

genethlialogy Natal astrology, also known as genethliac astrology or genethlialogy, is a system of astrology that claims to shed light on an individual’s personality or path in life based on constructing a horoscope or natal chart that includes the exact da ...

, contributing an impressive elaboration to the computation of the strengths of the planets and astrological places. It was enormously popular, as the large number of manuscripts, commentaries, and imitations attests."D Pingree, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Commentaries on this text include: * A ''tika'' on ''Jataka-karma-paddhati'' by Raghunatha * A ''tika'' by Devidasa (fl. 1600–1625) of

Kanyakubja Kannauj ( Hindustani pronunciation: ) is an ancient city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 113 km (71 mi) from Etawa ...

* ''Bhavartha-manjari'' by Achyuta (fl. 1505–1534) * ''Hora-tantram Praibhasha'', a

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of ...

-language commentary Achyutha Pisharadi wrote ''Hora-sarochchaya'', a 7-chapter adaptation of ''Jātaka-paddhati''.

Other

''Daivajña-vallabha'', a work on astrology, concludes with excerpts from several works of Varaha-mihira. Some writers attribute this work to Varaha-mihira, but according to

, it is more likely to be Śrīpati's work. Narayana ( Narayana Pandita?) wrote ''Subodhini'', a Hindi-language version of ''Daivajña-vallabha'' (1905). The ''Manasagari'' or ''Janma-patrika-paddhati'' attributed to Kalyana Rishi (fl. after 1629) includes extensive quotations and adaptations of content from Śrīpati's ''Ratnamala'' and ''Shripati-paddhati.'' also he had given the most useful method of division

References

Bibliography

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sripati 11th-century Indian astronomers 11th-century Indian mathematicians Indian astrologers People from Maharashtra Year of birth uncertain 1066 deaths 1010s births