Đồng Đăng �ə̤wŋ˨˩:ɗaŋ˧˧is a commune of Lạng Sơn province in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

History

Middle Ages

The area of Đồng Đăng (同登) was inherently deserted. It had only Tam Thanh temple, Kỳ Lừa market and a small

fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...

to defend the

frontier A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary. Australia The term "frontier" was frequently used in colonial Australia in the meaning of country that borders the unknown or uncivilised, th ...

, which was built in the Later Lê Dynasty about the XVI century. Đồng Đăng was once an unexpected land until the Battle of Đồng Đăng occurred, which caused shock of both

Guangxi Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằn ...

and

Tonkin Tonkin, also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the northern region of Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain '' Đàng Ngoài'' under Trịnh lords' control, including both the ...

in 1885.

XX century

In September 1940 a group of Japanese officers, in spite of an agreement signed the 22nd, attacked Đồng Đăng and laid siege to Lam Sơn, beginning the Japanese invasion of French Indochina. In March 1945 the Japanese again attacked, and it was the site of the fiercest fighting of the March coup d'état, when a company of

Tonkinese Rifles The Tonkinese Rifles ('' tirailleurs tonkinois'') were a corps of Tonkinese light infantrymen raised in 1884 to support the operations of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps. Led by French officers seconded from the marine infantry, Tonkinese rifle ...

and a battery of colonial artillery held off the invaders for three days before being massacred by them. In 1979, the border township became ground for heavy engagements between Chinese and Vietnamese forces during the

Sino-Vietnamese War The Sino-Vietnamese War (also known by other names) was a brief conflict that occurred in early 1979 between China and Vietnam. China launched an offensive ostensibly in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978, whi ...

XXI century

At 08:13 AM on February 26, 2019, Đồng Đăng Station was honored to be the first place of

to welcome

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

n leader

Kim Jong-un Kim Jong Un (born 8 January 1983 or 1984) is a North Korean politician and dictator who has served as supreme leader of North Korea since 2011 and general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) since 2012. He is the third son of Kim ...

to prepare for the summit with

US President The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed For ...

Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the 45 ...

Hanoi Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...

. On April 21, 2025, after the dissolution of Cao Lộc Rural District by the

Government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (; less formally the Vietnamese Government or the Government of Vietnam, ) is the Cabinet (government), cabinet and the central Executive (government), executive arm of the Politics of Vietn ...

, according to the '' Plan for arrangement of the commune-level administrative units in 2025'' by the Lạng Sơn Provincial People's Committee, Đồng Đăng Township was officially merged with four communes Hồng Phong, Phú Xá, Thụy Hùng, Bảo Lâm to become a new administrative unit from 0 o'clock on May 1 : Đồng Đăng commune (xã Đồng Đăng).

Geography

Topography

Đồng Đăng is best known as a border commune on the Vietnamese side of the main road and rail crossing to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. It is on National Route 1. Đồng Đăng station and the commune capital are several kilometres short of the

Friendship Pass Friendship Pass (), also commonly known by its older name Ải Nam Quan (), is a pass near the China-Vietnam border, between China's Guangxi and Vietnam's Lạng Sơn province. The pass itself lies just inside the Chinese side of the border ...

border crossing. It is one of three main border crossings with China, the others being Móng Cái– Dongxing, Guangxi to the East on the coast, and Laokay– Hekou,

Yunnan Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces ...

, inland 150 km Northwest. A fourth crossing is the Trà Lĩnh District–

Longbang Longbang () is a town in Jingxi, Guangxi Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietna ...

crossing.

Landscapes

;From Middle Ages *Kỳ Lừa market (Kỳ Lừa thị) *Nhị Thanh temple (Nhị Thanh quán) *Tam Thanh temple (Tam Thanh quán) *Tô Thị stone (Tô Thị thạch) ;From XX century *

(Hữu Nghị quan) *Đồng Đăng Fort (Đồn Đồng Đăng) * Hanoi–Đồng Đăng Railway (Hà Nội - Đồng Đăng thiết lộ) * Tien Yen–Lang Son–Cao Bang Expressway (Tiên Yên - Lạng Sơn - Cao Bằng cao tốc lộ)

Culture

Since the '' Manuels de lecture en quốc-văn'' has been published for the first time, the folk

poem Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

of the typical

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes th ...

s in Đồng Đăng commune have been popular in the thought of the generations of

Vietnamese people The Vietnamese people (, ) or the Kinh people (), also known as the Viet people or the Viets, are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day northern Vietnam and Dongxing, Guangxi, southern China who speak Vietnamese language, Viet ...

. :''Đồng Đăng has market Kỳ Lừa,'' :''Also lady Tô Thị and temple Tam Thanh.'' : ..
:''Đồng Đăng có phố Kỳ Lừa,'' :''Có nàng Tô Thị, có chùa Tam Thanh.'' : ..ref>Full poem
Đồng Đăng has market Kỳ Lừa...
' in Thivien.net (vi)

Notes and references

Notes

References

, 2006. * Masaya Shiraishi (author) & Ngô Bắc (translator),
Việt Nam Kiến Quốc Quân và cuộc khởi nghĩa năm 1940
' (Nation-Building Army of Viet-Nam and the 1940 Revolt), December 21, 2009. *''Tập bản đồ hành chính Việt Nam'' (Vietnamese administrative maps), Nhà xuất bản Tài nguyên – Môi trường và Bản đồ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 2013. *Series of
Đồng Đăng fort
' in Vietnamese journal Tiền-Phong. ;English * George Coedes. ''The Making of South East Asia'', 2nd ed.

University of California The University of California (UC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university, research university system in the U.S. state of California. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Oakland, the system is co ...

Press, 1983. * Li Tana (2011). ''Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han period Tongking Gulf''. In Cooke, Nola ; Li Tana ; Anderson, James A. (eds.). The Tongking Gulf Through History. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 39–44. ISBN 9780812205022. * Li Tana,
Towards an environmental history of the eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400
', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2014. * Samuel Baron, Christoforo Borri, Olga Dror, Keith W. Taylor (2018). ''Views of Seventeenth-Century Vietnam : Christoforo Borri on Cochinchina and Samuel Baron on Tonkin''. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-501-72090-1.

External links

New vitality in the border township of Langland
(vi) {{DEFAULTSORT:Dong Dang commune China–Vietnam border crossings Communes of Lạng Sơn province Populated places in Lạng Sơn province