örtug on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Örtug or ortig (Finnish: ''äyrityinen'', ''aurto'' or ''aurtua'') was a
The History of the Swedish Monetary System''Myntkabinettet'', Swedish Royal Monetary Academy (in Swedish)
* Nordisk Familjebok * Zbigniew Żabiński, ''Rozwój systemów pieniężnych w Europie zachodniej i północnej'' (''Development of monetary systems in western and northern Europe''), Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, Wrocław 1989,
Historia szwedzkiego systemu monetarnego
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ortug Currencies of Sweden Economic history of Sweden Medieval Sweden Currencies of Europe Modern obsolete currencies
Örtug or ortig (Finnish: ''äyrityinen'', ''aurto'' or ''aurtua'') was a medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
currency
A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins.
A more general ...
unit in Sweden. It was originally minted as a silver coin in 1370 during the reign of king Albert of Sweden
Albert (german: Albrecht, sv, Albrekt av Mecklenburg; c. 1338 – 1 April 1412) was King of Sweden from 1364 to 1389 and Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1384 to 1412.
Background
He was the second son of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg and ...
. The coin weighed about 1.3 grams and consisted of 81% silver. As time passed, the örtug was debased: during the reign of Eric of Pomerania
Eric of Pomerania (1381 or 1382 – 24 September 1459) was the ruler of the Kalmar Union from 1396 until 1439, succeeding his grandaunt, Queen Margaret I. He is known as Eric III as King of Norway (1389–1442), Eric VII as King of Denmark (1 ...
, the örtug contained 0.88 grams of silver; under Christian I
Christian I (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1448–1481), Norway (1450–1481) and Sweden (1457–1464). From 1460 to 1481, he was also duke of Schleswig (within ...
, 0.7 grams; and in 1534 only 0.54 grams of silver.
During the reign of Gustav Vasa
Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm ('' Riksför ...
(1523–1560), the monetary system of Sweden was reformed: an örtug was now subdivided into 12 pennings, not 8 as before, while still valued as one third of an öre
Öre () is the centesimal subdivision of the Swedish krona. In the Swedish language, the plural of ''öre'' is either ''öre'' or ''ören''.
The name ''öre'' derives from the Latin word ''aereus/aurum'', meaning gold. The corresponding subdivisi ...
.
Örtug coins were struck during the years 1523–1534; 1535–1540 in Stockholm; 1528–1531 in Västerås
Västerås ( , , ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland, west of Stockholm. The city had a population of 127,799 at the end of 2019, out of the municipal total of 154,049.
Västerås is the se ...
and 1589–1589 in Stockholm and Uppsala
Uppsala (, or all ending in , ; archaically spelled ''Upsala'') is the county seat of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. It had 177,074 inhabitants in 2019.
Located north of the c ...
. Production ceased after another monetary reform in 1776.
The örtug is also used as the official name of the currency in the artist Lars Vilks
Lars Endel Roger Vilks (20 June 1946 – 3 October 2021) was a Swedish visual artist and activist who was known for the controversy surrounding his drawings of Muhammad. He also created the sculptures ''Nimis'' and ''Arx'', made of driftwood an ...
' micronation
A micronation is a political entity whose members claim that they belong to an independent nation or sovereign state, but which lacks legal recognition by world governments or major international organizations. Micronations are classified ...
of Ladonia.
See also
*Swedish penning The penning or penny was the Swedish variant of the Norwegian penning that was minted from about 1150 until 1548, and which remained as a unit of account in Sweden until 1777. Originally penning was first minted in Norway by the Norwegian king Ol ...
*Mark (money)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many states. It is named for the mark unit of weight. The word ''mark'' comes from a merging of three Teutonic/ Germanic words, Latinised in 9th-century post-classical Latin as ', ', ' or '. It wa ...
*Öre
Öre () is the centesimal subdivision of the Swedish krona. In the Swedish language, the plural of ''öre'' is either ''öre'' or ''ören''.
The name ''öre'' derives from the Latin word ''aereus/aurum'', meaning gold. The corresponding subdivis ...
*Ladonia (micronation)
Ladonia ( sv, Ladonien) is a micronation, proclaimed in 1996 as the result of a years-long court battle between artist Lars Vilks and local authorities over two sculptures. The claimed territory is part of the natural reserve of Kullaberg in so ...
References
The History of the Swedish Monetary System
* Nordisk Familjebok * Zbigniew Żabiński, ''Rozwój systemów pieniężnych w Europie zachodniej i północnej'' (''Development of monetary systems in western and northern Europe''), Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, Wrocław 1989,
External links
Historia szwedzkiego systemu monetarnego
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ortug Currencies of Sweden Economic history of Sweden Medieval Sweden Currencies of Europe Modern obsolete currencies