Gandhidham, initially known as Sardarganj, is the largest and most populous city in Kutch District,

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. It was created in the early 1950s for the resettlement of

Sindhi Hindu Sindhi Hindus are Sindhis who follow the Hindu religion, whose origins lie in the Sindh region and spread across modern-day India and Pakistani Sindh province. After the Partition of India in 1947, many Sindhi Hindus were among those who fled f ...

refugees from

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

(now in

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

) in the aftermath of the

partition of India The Partition of British India in 1947 was the Partition (politics), change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in South Asia and the creation of two independent dominions: ...

. It was named after

Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist Quote: "... marks Gandhi as a hybrid cosmopolitan figure who transformed ... anti- ...

, the father of the Indian nation. An

economic capital In finance, mainly for financial services firms, economic capital (ecap) is the amount of risk capital, assessed on a realistic basis, which a firm requires to cover the risks that it is running or collecting as a going concern, such as market r ...

of Kutch and a growing area for families and retirees, it is Gujarat's 8th most populous city. It is a popular destination for conventions, business, and meetings.

History

Soon after the

Partition of India The Partition of British India in 1947 was the Partition (politics), change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in South Asia and the creation of two independent dominions: ...

in 1947, a large group of

Sindhi Hindus Sindhi Hindus are Sindhis who follow the Hindu religion, whose origins lie in the Sindh region and spread across modern-day India and Pakistani Sindh province. After the Partition of India in 1947, many Sindhi Hindus were among those who fled ...

refugees from

of Pakistan migrated to India. The Maharaja of Kutch His Highness Maharao Shri Vijayrajji Khengarji Jadeja, donated of land to Bhai Pratap, who founded the Sindhu Resettlement Corporation Ltd (SRC) to rehabilitate

that migrated from

. The Sindhu Resettlement Corporation Ltd was formed with Acharaya Kriplani as chairman and

Bhai Pratap Dialdas Bhai Pratap ( sd, ڀائي پرتاب ڏيئل داس) (April 14, 1908 – August 30, 1967), was an Indian businessman, philanthropist and freedom fighter, best remembered as the founder of the city of Gandhidham-Adipur to resettle refugees fro ...

as managing director. The main objective of the corporation was to assist in the rehousing of displaced persons by the construction of a new township. The original plan was prepared by a team of planners headed by Dr. O. H. Koenigsberger, director of the division of housing in the Government of India. Later, the plan was revised by Adams Howard and Greeley Company in 1952. The foundation stone of the town was laid with the blessings of Gandhi in 1947. Hence, the town was named Gandhidham. To clean the desert where it was built, Bhai Pratap gave an incentive of 25 paise to kill scorpions and 50 paise to kill snakes. The original plan envisaged 400,000 as of the ultimate population of the town, expecting half of it to be reached in the mid-seventies. A revised plan envisaged three stages of town development with the mid-stage lasting longer with a population of around 150,000.

Geography and climate

Gandhidham is located at latitude 23.08° N longitude 70.13° E. The main city is constructed in accordance with the principles of Vastu-Shastra (Hindu belief of construction), i.e., the main city has its face directed to the East. Due to the very high

potential evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combined processes by which water moves from the earth’s surface into the atmosphere. It covers both water evaporation (movement of water to the air directly from soil, canopies, and water bodies) and transpira ...

, Gandhidham has a

hot arid climate The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk''), is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

''BWh''), just short of a

hot semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of semi-ar ...

(

''BSh'') despite receiving around of rainfall per year. Almost all rainfall occurs during the monsoon season from June to September — outside this period, Gandhidham averages just of rain in eight months. Gandhidhamʼs amount of rainfall, although not especially low on paper, is amongst the most erratic anywhere in the world with a

coefficient of variation In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. It is often expressed as ...

of around sixty percent – among the few comparably variable climates in the world being the

Line Islands The Line Islands, Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands (in Gilbertese, ''Aono Raina'') are a chain of 11 atolls (with partly or fully enclosed lagoons) and coral islands (with a surrounding reef) in the central Pacific Ocean, south of the Hawa ...

of Kiribati, the

Pilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples; its ancient landscapes; the red earth; and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a glo ...

coast of Western Australia, the

sertão The ''sertão'' (, plural ''sertões'') is the "hinterland" or "backcountry". In Brazil, it refers both to one of the four sub-regions of the Northeast Region of Brazil (similar to the specific association of "outback" with Australia in English ...

of Northeastern Brazil, and the

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

islands.Dewar, Robert E. and Wallis, James R; ‘Geographical patterning of interannual rainfall variability in the tropics and near tropics: An L-moments approach’; in ''

Journal of Climate The ''Journal of Climate'' is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published semi-monthly by the American Meteorological Society. It covers research that advances basic understanding of the dynamics and physics of the climate system on larg ...

'', 12; pp. 3457-3466 During the “cool” season from October to March, temperatures range from very warm to hot during the afternoon and are cool to pleasant in the mornings. Whilst during the hot season, afternoon temperatures become sweltering and extremely unpleasant, especially when, with the approach of the monsoon, humidity increases.

Governance

The city is represented by a

constituency An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger State (polity), state (a country, administrative region, ...

in the Gujarat Vidhan Sabha. It forms part of the

Kachchh Lok Sabha constituency Kachchh Lok Sabha constituency (formerly Kutch Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 26 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Gujarat state in western India. Kachchh is the third largest constituency in India, with an area of 45,652 km2 ...

2001 Earthquake Calamity

The Gujarat earthquake of 2001 majorly affected the city of Gandhidham along with many nearby towns like Bhuj, Anjar, Bhachau and more. The shock, which measured 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), killed 13,805–20,023, left roughly 166,800 injured, and many were left homeless including Gandhidham. The death toll in the Kutch region was 12,300. Bhuj, which was situated only 50 km away from the Gandhidham, was devastated. Considerable damage also occurred in City Gandhdidham and Bhachau and Anjar with hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj and Bhachau.

Land of Adipur and Gandhidham

Lilashah statue at Gandhidham Kutch Gujarat

Gandhidham was the dream of Pratap Dialdas. Bhai Pratap Dialdas requested great Leaders of India for the procurement of land in the Kachchh region. They requested Maharao Vijayraj Ji of Kachchh for granting of land for re-settlement of Sindhi community people migrated from Sindh. Maharao, without any delay, granted 15000 acres of land for the purpose. Bhai Pratap said this is too big land and cannot be developed by SRC Ltd, therefore, he desired to keep with him only 2,600 acres, and the rest of the land was given to KPT and GDA for management. Today Adipur and Gandhidham townships are the townships of pride in the District of Kachchh only with the grace of Rajput Kshatriya ancestors – Provided by Ram Amarnani. Distance between twin-townships of Adipur & Gandhidham is 6 km still not developed fully and 0 km if full land constructed. The airport road dividing wards 5 & 7 divides these townships, whereas Municipality is one, known as Gandhidham Municipality. These towns are divided in two parts wherein land is recognized as Wards & Sectors. Townships have six wards each 1to6 in Adipur and 7to12 in Gandhidham. These wards consist of commercial, industrial and residential plots of land. The land which is owned and managed by SRC (The Sindhu Resettlement Corporation Ltd) is known as 'Wards' and The land which is owned and managed by KPT (Kandla Port Trust) is known as 'Sectors'. There are 13 such sectors in Gandhidham. Apart from this, there is vast land managed by GDA (Gandhidham Development Authority) which is known as "NU". For the construction of any permanent structure in these townships, the permission of GDA is a must. File:Rotary_Circle.jpg, Rotary Circle File:Tagore_Road.jpg, Tagore Road File:SRI_GURUNANAK_DEV_JI_MARG.jpg, Sri Gurunanak Dev ji Marg

Education

Schools in the area include CBSE SCHOOLS *'' Academic Heights Public School '' *'' Delhi Public High School (D.P.S)'' *'' Kakubhai Parikh School (K.P.S)'' *'' Amarchand Singhvi School'' *''Podar International School'' *''Savvy International School'' *''The Fusion School'' *''St. Thomas School'' *''Atmiya Vidyapeeth School'' *''

D.A.V. Public School The D.B.V. College Managing Committee, familiarly known as DAVDholakpurMC, is a non-governmental educational organisation in Antarctica and overseas with over 900 schools. 75 colleges and a university. It is based on the ideals of Maharishi Da ...

'' *''Welspun Vidya Mandir(W. V. M)'' *''

Mount Litera Zee School Mount is often used as part of the name of specific mountains, e.g. Mount Everest. Mount or Mounts may also refer to: Places * Mount, Cornwall, a village in Warleggan parish, England * Mount, Perranzabuloe, a hamlet in Perranzabuloe parish, C ...

'' *'' Kendriya Vidyalaya at IFFCO colony'' *
Kendriya Vidyalaya at Railway colony
' *'' Aum Vidiya Mandir at IFFCO colony'' STATE BOARD ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOLS *''Mount Carmel High School'' *''

Saint Xaviers at Adipur In religious belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness, likeness, or closeness to God. However, the use of the term ''saint'' depends on the context and denomination. In Catholic, Eastern Ortho ...

'' *''Modern School'' *'' P.N. Amersey High School'' *''St. Marys School at Kandla'' *''

Gurunanak Public School, Adipur Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: , ), also referred to as ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated wor ...

'' *''

Shree swaminarayan vidyalaya Shree may refer to: * Sri, an honorific commonly used in the Indian subcontinent * Shree (Hindustani raga), the Hindustani classical music scale * Shree (Carnatic raga), the Carnatic music scale * Sri (Odissi raga), the Odissi classical music scal ...

'' *'' Ananda Marga High School in DC-2, Rambaug road (English Medium)'' *'' Ananda Marga Primary school in Sector-7'' *'' Gurunanak School for Excellence'' *'' Sadhu Vaswani International School'' *''

Excelsior Model School, Adipur Excelsior, a Latin comparative word often translated as "ever upward" or "even higher", may refer to: Arts and entertainment Literature and poetry * Excelsior (Longfellow), "Excelsior" (Longfellow), an 1841 poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow * ...

'' *''

Kairali English School Kairali literally means "originating from Kerala". Or anything at all related to Kerala. It may refer to: * Malayalam language * Kairali TV Kairali TV is an Indian Malayalam-language general entertainment television channel owned by Kairal ...

'' *''Cambridge School, Gandhidham'' *'' Shri Krishana Public School.'' GUJARATI MEDIUM SCHOOLS *'' Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel High School'' *''

'' *''RP Patel High School'' *''Shri Saraswati Vidhyalaya'' *'' Shri Sahyog Saraswati Vidhya Mandir'' *''

Ambe Bhavnath High School An ambe, in anatomy, is a superficial jutting out of a bone. Ambe is also the name of an old surgery, surgical instrument, made famous by Hippocrates, for reducing Dislocation (medicine), dislocations of the shoulder, so called because its extremi ...

'' *''M.P. Patel Kanya Vidyalaya'' PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLS *'' Bachpan Pre-School'' *''Podar Jumbo Kids'' *'' Twinkle Star School in 2B, plot No.48 (English Medium)'' *'' Small Wonder School'' *''Einstein School'' *''Kangaroo Kids School'' *''Makoons Pre School'' *''Wonderland Kids School'' Hindi Medium Schools are *'' Dr. C. G. High School'' *'' Maitri School at Adipur'' *''Maitri Kanya Mahavidyala at Adipur'' * '' Adarsh Maha Vidhyalaya at Gandhidham'' are the first and oldest schools situated in the heart of the city. For professional courses like Chartered Accountancy and Cost & Management Accountancy the national professional accounting body of India like

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) is India's largest professional accounting body under the administrative control of Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It was established on 1 July 1949 as a statutory bod ...

and

Institute of Cost Accountants of India The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of India (ICMAI), which was also known as The Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India (ICWAI) is a professional accountancy body in India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Corpora ...

have opened an examination centre at Adipur.

College and graduation

Colleges for graduation and higher studies are Tolani College of Science & Arts, Tolani Commerce College, Pharmacy college and Diploma in Engineering, Management Institute situated nearby in

Adipur Adipur is a town in Gandhidham Municipal Corporation of Kutch District in the state of Gujarat, India. The town is situated approximately from Gandhidham. History Adipur was initially founded as a refugee camp after the partition of India, ...

. DNV International Educational College is situated in Bharatnagar; the courses provided are BCA and BBA

Transport

19132 Kutch Express at Gandhidham Bg Railway Station

(Gandhidham - Kamakhya) Express route map

Gandhidham is connected by road and rail to the rest of India. Transport Nagar, on the outskirts of Gandhidham, is the hub of all major transport activity. There are trains to,

Ahmedabad Ahmedabad ( ; Gujarati: Amdavad ) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per t ...

Allahabad Allahabad (), officially known as Prayagraj, also known as Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The other five cities were: Agra, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Meerut, and Varanasi (Benares). It is the administrat ...

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, Kota,

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and several other cities. Many private companies operate bus services to major cities in Gujarat like Ahmedabad and Rajkot. India's largest port,

Kandla Kandla, now officially Deendayal Port Authority, is a seaport and town in Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India, near the city of Gandhidham. Located on the Gulf of Kutch, it is one of India's major ports on the west coast. It is ab ...

is around 11 km from the city. It also has connectivity to Kandla Airport near village Galpadar. From August 2016 Airconnect has started its daily services for Ahmedabad and Surat (Kandla-Ahmedabad-Surat at 17:40 & Surat-Ahmedabad-Kandla at 07:45). Spicejet has announced one flight from Mumbai to Kandla Airport (Gandhidham) Departing at 13:05 and arriving at 14:30; and return to Mumbai with departure at 15:10, arriving at 16:50 from 11th July 2017 onwards.

Trains

Airport

Kandla airport is a small airport on the outskirt of Gandhidham near Galpadar town, which is not a regular airport. Daily one jet flight to-n-fro service is available from Kandla to Mumbai. SpiceJet has announced one more flight for Mumbai from 11 July 2017 onward. Truejet has stated flight for Ahmedabad.

References

External links

Kandla Special Economic ZoneDeendayal Port AuthorityArya Samaj, GandhidhamTolani FoundationKutchForever.com – The First Internet Gateway of KutchSindhu Resettlement Corporation Limited (SRC Limited), AdipurLions Club of Gandhidham
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517190407/http://lionsclubgandhidham.com/ , date=17 May 2014 Official website of Lions club of Gandhidham, India
www.sindhology.org
Cities and towns in Kutch district