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The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system (''abugida'') of Indic origin used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Jirel and Balti. It has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as Thakali. The printed form is called uchen script while the hand-written cursive form used in everyday writing is called umê script. This writing system is used across the Himalayas, and Tibet. The script is closely linked to a broad ethnic Tibetan identity, spanning across areas in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet. The Tibetan script is of Brahmic origin from the Gupta script and is ancestral to scripts such as Meitei, Lepcha,Daniels, Peter T. and William Bright. ''The World's Writing Systems''. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Marchen and the multilingual ʼPhags-pa script. History According to Tibetan historiography, the Tibetan script was introduced by Thonmi Sambhota in the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzongkha
Dzongkha (; ) is a Sino-Tibetan language that is the official and national language of Bhutan. It is written using the Tibetan script. The word means "the language of the fortress", from ' "fortress" and ' "language". , Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers. Dzongkha is considered a South Tibetic language. It is closely related to and partially intelligible with Sikkimese, and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha, Brokpa, Brokkat and Lakha. It has a more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan. Spoken Dzongkha and Tibetan are around 50 to 80 percent mutually intelligible. Usage Dzongkha and its dialects are the native tongue of eight western districts of Bhutan (''viz.'' Wangdue Phodrang, , Thimphu, Gasa, Paro, Ha, Dagana and Chukha). There are also some native speakers near the Indian town of Kalimpong, once part of Bhutan but now in North Bengal and in Sikkim. Dzongkha was declared the national language of Bhutan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherpa Language
Sherpa (also Sharpa, Xiaerba, or Sherwa) is a Tibetic language spoken in Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, mainly by the Sherpa. The majority speakers of the Sherpa language live in the Khumbu region of Nepal, spanning from the Chinese (Tibetan) border in the east to the Bhotekosi River in the west. About 200,000 speakers live in Nepal (2001 census), some 20,000 in Sikkim (1997) and some 800 in Tibetan Autonomous Region (1994). Sherpa is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language. Sherpa is predominantly a spoken language, although it is occasionally written using either the Devanagari or Tibetan script. Phonology Sherpa is a tonal language. Sherpa has the following consonants: Consonants * Stop sounds can be unreleased in word-final position. * Palatal sounds can neutralize to velar sounds when preceding . * can become a retroflex nasal when preceding a retroflex stop. * can have an allophone of when occurring in fast speech. Vowels * Vowel sounds have the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lhasa Tibetan
Lhasa Tibetan (), or Standard Tibetan, is the Tibetan dialect spoken by educated people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region. In the traditional "three-branched" classification of Tibetic languages, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the Central Tibetan branch (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Amdo Tibetan). In terms of mutual intelligibility, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become tonal and do not preserve the word-initial consonant clusters, which makes them very far from Classical Tibetan, especially when compared to the more conservative Amdo Tibetan. Registers Like many languages, Lhasa Tibetan has a variety of language registers: * ( Wylie: , literally "demotic language"): the vernacular speech. * ( Wylie: , "honorifics or deference, courtesy"): the forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikkimese Language
The Sikkimese language, also called Sikkimese, Bhutia, or Drenjongké (, "Rice Valley language"),"Lost Syllables and Tone Contour in Dzongkha (Bhutan)" ''in'' David Bradley, Eguénie J.A. Henderson and Martine Mazaudon, eds, Prosodic analysis and Asian linguistics: to honour R. K. Sprigg, 115-136; Pacific Linguistics, C-104, 1988 ''Dranjoke'', ''Denjongka'', ''Denzongpeke'' and ''Denzongke'', belongs to the Tibeto-Burman languages. It is spoken by the Bhutia in Sikkim, India and in parts of Province No. 1, Nepal. The Sikkimese people refer to their own language as Drendzongké and their homeland as Drendzong (, "Rice Valley"). Up until 1975 Sikkimese did not have a written language. After gaining Indian Statehood the language was introduced as a school subject in Sikkim and the written language was developed. Script Sikkimese is written using Sambhota script and Zhang Yeshe De Script, which it inherited from Classical Tibetan. Sikkimese phonology and lexicon differ markedly fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibetic Languages
The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descended from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries).Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In ''Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. According to Tournadre (2014), there are 50 languages, which split into over 200 dialects or could be group into 8 dialect continua. These languages are spoken in the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas in Gilgit-Baltistan, Aksai Chin, Ladakh, Nepal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Bhutan. Classical Tibetan is the major literary language, particularly for its use in Buddhist literature. Tibetan languages are spoken by some 6 million people, not all of whom are Tibetans. With the worldwide spread of Tibetan Buddhism, the Tibetan language has spread into the western world and can be found in many Buddhist publications and prayer materials; with some western students lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balti Language
Balti (NastaÊ¿lÄ«q script: , Tibetan script: སྦལ་à½à½²à¼, ) is a Tibetic language natively spoken by the ethnic Balti people in the Baltistan region of Gilgit−Baltistan, Pakistan, Nubra Valley of the Leh district and in the Kargil district of Ladakh, India. The language differs from Standard Tibetan; many sounds of Old Tibetan that were lost in Standard Tibetan are retained in the Balti language. It also has a simple pitch accent system only in multi-syllabic words while Standard Tibetan has a complex and distinct pitch system that includes tone contour. Demographics and distribution Balti is spoken in most parts of Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan, Kargil and Nubra Ladakh in India. According to the Gilgit-Baltistan Scouts, Balti is mostly spoken in Skardu, Shigar, Gultari, Ghanche, Roundu and Kharmang parts of Gilgit-Baltistan. In the twin districts of Ladakh region (Kargil and Leh) it is spoken in Kargil city and its surrounding villages like Hardass, Lato, Kark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umê Script
Umê (, ; variant spellings include ''ume'', ''u-me'') is a semi-formal script used to write the Tibetan alphabet used for both calligraphy and shorthand. The name ''ume'' means "headless" and refers to its distinctive feature: the absence of the horizontal guide line ('head') across the top of the letters. Between syllables, the ''tseg'' mark () often appears as a vertical stroke, rather than the shorter 'dot'-like mark in some other scripts. There are two main kinds of ''umê'' writing: *Drutsa (), used for writing documents. *Bêtsug (), used for writing scriptures. Other Tibetan scripts include the upright block form, uchen (; ) and the everyday, handwritten cursive, gyug yig (). The name of the block form, ''uchen'' means "with a head", corresponding to the presence of the horizontal guide line. See also *Tibetan script *Uchen script }Uchen (; ; variant spellings include ''ucen'', ''u-cen'', ''u-chen'', ''ucan'', ''u-can'', ''uchan'', ''u-chan'', and ''ucän'') is the upr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ʼPhags-pa Script
The Phags-pa script is an alphabet designed by the Tibetan monk and State Preceptor (later Imperial Preceptor) Drogön Chögyal Phagpa for Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty, as a unified script for the written languages within the Yuan. The actual use of this script was limited to about a hundred years during the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, and it fell out of use with the advent of the Ming dynasty. It was used to write and transcribe varieties of Chinese, the Tibetic languages, Mongolian, the Uyghur language, Sanskrit, Persian, and other neighboring languages during the Yuan era. For historical linguists, the documentation of its use provides clues about the changes in these languages. Its descendant systems include Horizontal square script, used to write Tibetan and Sanskrit. There is a theory that the Korean Hangul alphabet had a limited influence from Phags-pa (see Origin of Hangul). During the Pax Mongolica the script has even made numerous appearances in west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladakhi Language
The Ladakhi language is a Tibetic language spoken in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. It is the predominant language in the Buddhist-dominated district of Leh. Though a member of the Tibetic family, Ladakhi is not mutually intelligible with Standard Tibetan. Ladakhi has several dialects: ''Lehskat'' after Leh, where it is spoken; shamskat, spoken in the northwest of Leh; ''Stotskat'', spoken in the Indus valley and which is tonal unlike the others; ''Nubra'', spoken in the north of Leh , Changthang language which is spoken in a changthang region and Zanskari language which is spoken in zanskar region of Ladakh Name The Ladakhi language () is also called Bhoti or Bodhi. However, since Bhoti and Bodhi sound like “Buddhist†and can alienate Ladakhi Muslims who speak the same language, most Ladakhis usually refer to their language as Ladakhi. Classification Nicolas Tournadre considers Ladakhi, Balti, and Purgi to be distinct languages on the basis of mutual intel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirel Language
Jirel is a Southern Tibetic language of Nepal. It is spoken in Jiri, in Tshetrapa village, Jungu village, and Cheppu village of Dolakha District and Sindhupalchok and different parts of Nepal. It has long been in discussion that the Jirels are the Kirats as other Tibeto-Burmans. But further research is required to prove that they come from Kirats. Very weak literature without evidence is presented by some authors until now claiming that they are the Kirats. They have claimed that they are animists so they are Kirats. They adopted some cultural and religious practice from Sunuwars and Sherpas when they began to live and share with them. The language they use is the most powerful evidence that they come from a Tibetan ethnic tribe. Their physical appearance and family name are also supporting evidence for Tibetan origin. They mainly practice Buddhism. Lamas Lamas may refer to: * the plural form of Lama, a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. Places *Lamas P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uchen Script
}Uchen (; ; variant spellings include ''ucen'', ''u-cen'', ''u-chen'', ''ucan'', ''u-can'', ''uchan'', ''u-chan'', and ''ucän'') is the upright, block style of the Tibetan script. The name means "with a head," and is the style of the script used for printing and for formal manuscripts. It is used to write both the Tibetan language and Dzongkha, the official language of Bhutan. There are also a number of cursive forms of the Tibetan script, sometimes collectively referred to as '' umê'' (), "headless." Origin Uchen script is a written Tibetan script that uses alphabetic characters to physically record the spoken languages of Tibet and Bhutan. Uchen script emerged in between the seventh and early eighth century, alongside the formation and development of the Tibetan Empire. The script originally was created in Tibet but was also adopted in the neighbouring country of Bhutan located in East Asia. Historians believe the script was created by the seventh century scribe and ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khema Script
The Khema script, also known as Gurung Khema, Khema Phri, Khema Lipi, is used to write the Gurung language. Khema has been proposed for Unicode encoding as of 2011 and in 2021. The Language Commission of Nepal recognizes Khema as the official script of Gurung. Usage Devdaha Mother Tongues Academy, located in Rupandehi teaches Gurung in the Khema script. Khema script is used in Sikkim to officially write Gurung language. See also * Gurung language Gurung (Devanagari: ), also known as Tamu Kyi (, ; Tibetan: ) or Tamu Bhaasaa (, ), is a language spoken by the Gurung people of Nepal. The total number of all Gurung speakers in Nepal was 227,918 in 1991 and 325,622 in 2011. The official langua ... References External links * https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22157-gurung-khema-script.pdf {{list of writing systems Writing systems of Nepal Brahmic scripts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
