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Ä°smail Cem
İsmail Cem (born İsmail Cem İpekçi, 15 February 1940 – 24 January 2007) was a Turkish centre-leftist politician, intellectual and journalist who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey from 1997 to 2002. Background İsmail Cem finished high school at Robert College in İstanbul in 1959 and graduated from the Law School at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland in 1963. He had his master's degree in sociology of politics at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques in 1983, Paris, France. He was an exchange student with AFS Intercultural Programs at Piedmont High School, Piedmont California for one year during his high school years. A member of one of the most prominent families in Turkey, Cem was the cousin of murdered liberal-leftist journalist, intellectual and human rights activist Abdi İpekçi, the editor in chief for then centre-leftist Milliyet newspaper. Cem was the son of İhsan İpekçi (1901-1966), who was one of the pioneers of the Turkish cinema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdi İpekçi
Abdi Ä°pekçi (9 August 1929 – 1 February 1979) was a Turkish journalist, intellectual and an activist for human rights. He was murdered while editor-in-chief of one of the main Turkish daily newspapers ''Milliyet'' which then had a centre-left political stance. Biography Ä°pekçi was born in Istanbul, Turkey to a wealthy prominent elite Sabbatean Alevi-Bektashi family of the Karakaşı denominational sect originally from Salonica. After finishing high school at Galatasaray High School in 1948, he attended law school at Istanbul University for a while. He started his professional career as a sports reporter for the newspaper ''Yeni Sabah'', and transferred later to ''Yeni Ä°stanbul''. In 1954, he joined the newspaper ''Milliyet'' as its publishing manager, and was promoted to editor-in-chief in 1959. A respected journalist, he was a proponent of the separation of religion and state, and an advocate of dialogue and conciliation with Greece, as well as of human rights for va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AFS Intercultural Programs
AFS Intercultural Programs (or AFS, originally the American Field Service) is an international youth exchange organization. It consists of over 50 independent, not-for-profit organizations, each with its own network of Volunteering, volunteers, professionally staffed offices, volunteer board of directors and #Official AFS Websites%5B24%5D, website. , 12,578 students traveled abroad on an AFS cultural exchange program, between 99 countries. The U.S.-based partner, AFS-USA, sends more than 1,100 U.S. students abroad and places international students with more than 2,300 U.S. families each year. More than 424,000 people have gone abroad with AFS and over 100,000 former AFS students live in the U.S. History of the AFS Intercultural Programs World War I When war broke out in 1914, the American Colony of Paris organized an "ambulance"—the French term for a temporary military hospital—just as it had done in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 when the "American Ambulance" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel, St. Gallen a.o.). , coordinates = , largest_city = Zürich , official_languages = , englishmotto = "One for all, all for one" , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , religion = , demonym = , german: Schweizer/Schweizerin, french: Suisse/Suissesse, it, svizzero/svizzera or , rm, Svizzer/Svizra , government_type = Federalism, Federal assembly-independent Directorial system, directorial republic with elements of a direct democracy , leader_title1 = Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Council , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = Walter Thurnherr , legislature = Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre-left Politics
Centre-left politics lean to the left on the left–right political spectrum but are closer to the centre than other left-wing politics. Those on the centre-left believe in working within the established systems to improve social justice. The centre-left promotes a degree of social equality that it believes is achievable through promoting equal opportunity.Oliver H. Woshinsky. ''Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior''. New York: Routledge, 2008, pp. 143. The centre-left emphasizes that the achievement of equality requires personal responsibility in areas in control by the individual person through their abilities and talents as well as social responsibility in areas outside control by the person in their abilities or talents. The centre-left opposes a wide gap between the rich and the poor and supports moderate measures to reduce the economic gap, such as a progressive income tax, laws prohibiting child labour, minimum wage laws, laws regulating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Turkey Party (2002)
New Turkey Party or abbreviated as NTP, ( tr, Yeni Türkiye Partisi, YTP) was a social democratic political party in Turkey. It was founded in 2002 following a leadership crisis in the Democratic Left Party ( tr, Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP) that was the major partner in a three party coalition government. History The health condition of elder statesman Bülent Ecevit, the Prime Minister and leader of the party led to rumours that his Deputy Prime minister and Minister of State, Hüsamettin Özkan, was plotting to replace him. As a result, Özkan was forced to resign, nearly half of DSP's parliamentarians followed him including İsmail Cem, the Minister of Foreign affairs. Özkan, Zeki Eker, Cem and Kemal Derviş, the Minister of State in charge of economy, then decided to establish a new social democratic party. İsmail Cem became the leader of the party. The new party was received warmly by the public opinion. Most of the electorate was critical of the government because of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Left Party (Turkey)
The Democratic Left Party ( tr, Demokratik Sol Parti, abbreviated DSP) is a Turkish political party, founded on 14 November 1985 by RahÅŸan Ecevit and Bülent Ecevit. History 1985–1999 The DSP, a social-democratic oriented party, was registered on 14 November 1985 by RahÅŸan Ecevit, wife of Bülent Ecevit, as he was banned from political life after the 1980 coup d'état. In 1986 Bülent Ecevit addressed the DSP convention in Ankara, declaring his support for the party. The address landed him in court for allegedly violating the political bans. The DSP was unable, however, to achieve a substantial showing in the 1986 by-elections even though Ecevit, despite his ban, continued to campaign at the party's rallies as a "guest speaker". The political ban on Ecevit was lifted following a referendum in 1987. Later that year, RahÅŸan Ecevit handed over the rule of the party to her spouse. But the party failed to pass the 10% national threshold needed for a political party to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)
The Social Democratic Populist Party ( tr, Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti, abbreviated SHP) was a political party in Turkey that formed after the fusion of the Social Democracy Party (''Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi'', SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan in 1985. The SHP was in power in 1989 and was the strongest party at the time. History The Social Democracy Party (''Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi'', SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan were founded in 1983 with the upcoming of the democracy after the military coup of 1980. In 1985, the Social Democracy Party and the People's Party merged to create the Social Democratic Populist Party. In the 1989 local elections, the SHP emerged as the strongest party with 27.8 percent of the vote, winning in 6 metropolitan areas, 39 provinces, and 283 districts. The Kurdish question placed the party under serious strain as the MPs Ahmet Türk, Mehmet Ali Eren, Mahmut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unity Party (Turkey)
The Unity Party (, TBP, until 1973 ''Birlik Partisi'' - ''BP'') was a former Alevi political party that existed from 1966 until its closure in 1981 after the military coup of 1980. It had its roots among the Alevi population in modern-day Turkey. Huseyin Balan was elected party president in 1966, and was succeeded in 1969 by Mustafa Timisi. Some of the main party leaders were members of an influent Alevi family of the Ulusoy. It gained seats in the Turkish Parliament between 1966 and 1977. In the general elections of 1969, the party entered parliament with eight deputies of which five also supported the Government of Süleyman Demirel. In the general elections of 1973 the party only stemmed 1.1% of the voter share, gaining a single deputy in parliament, which was Mustafa Timisi. The party advocated for the recognition of the Alevis through the Directorate of Religious Affairs and demanded more religious freedom. It also worked closely together with Alevi organizations. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Workers' Party Of Turkey
Workers' Party of Turkey (''Türkiye İşçi Partisi'') was a Turkish political party, founded the 13 February 1961. It became the first socialist party in Turkey to win representation in the national parliament. It was banned twice (after the military coups of 1971 and 1980) and eventually merged with the Communist Party of Turkey in 1987. History TİP was founded by a group of labour union members. The founders invited lawyer Mehmet Ali Aybar to assume the leadership of the party. Following Aybar, several intellectuals like Çetin Altan, Aziz Nesin and Yaşar Kemal also joined the ranks and the party soon adopted a left-wing nationalist and socialist program. The party's breakthrough came in the 1965 general election when it got 3% of the votes in the national elections and won 15 seats in the parliament. TİP deputies' highly publicized active participation in parliamentary sessions contributed to a radicalisation of the political scene in the country. By 1967-68, militant l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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