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Ødegården Verk
Ødegården Verk (''Ødegården Mines'', french: link=no, Les Mines d'Oedegaard), alternate names ''Ødegården Apatittgruver'' and ''Bamble Apatittgruver'', was a series of primarily apatite Shaft mining, shaft mines and Quarry, quarries located in the Bamble List of municipalities of Norway, municipality of Norway. At its peak, Ødegården Verk was one of the largest apatite mines in the country, mining up to 10,000 tonne, metric tons of the mineral per year, and some sources estimate its peak operating workforce at over 800 men. The site of Ødegården Verk is about 1 km south of the European route E18, E18, turning off on the road Feset between Kragerø and Brevik, Norway, Brevik. Apatite and other minerals were originally transported by Cart, horse and cart by local farmers from the site to one of three local ports for shipment: Åby, Telemark, Åby to the east in Åbyfjorden, Brevikstranda on Brevikstrandfjorden to the southeast, or a port to the south in Isnes, just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boater
__NOTOC__ A boater (also straw boater, basher, skimmer, The English Panama, cady, katie, canotier, somer, sennit hat, or in Japan, can-can hat, suruken) is a semi-formal summer hat for men, which was popularised in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It is normally made of stiff sennit straw and has a stiff flat crown and brim, typically with a solid or striped grosgrain ribbon around the crown. Boaters were derived from the canotier straw hat worn traditionally by gondoliers in the city of Venice. The Venetian canotier has a ribbon that hangs freely off the back, and they are frequently edged with a matching color ribbon. Because of this, boaters were identified with boating or sailing, hence the name. Boaters were also identified more with sporting events and universities as well. They were also worn by women, often with hatpins to keep them in place. Nowadays they are rarely seen except at sailing or rowing events, period-related theatrical and musical performances ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brevik, Norway
Brevik () is a town in Telemark, Norway, with an estimated population of 2,700. Brevik was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt), but was merged with Porsgrunn on 1 January 1964. Brevik is regarded as one of the best preserved towns from the sailing ship era. The town is located on the far end of Eidanger peninsula ( Eidangerhalvøya), and was a former export centre for ice and timber. The last shipment of wood to the United Kingdom was around 1960. Brevik is Cort Adeler's birth town. Etymology The Old Norse form of the name may have been ''*Breiðvík'', where the first element is ''breiðr'' 'broad' and the last is ''vík'' f 'inlet'. Important milestones in the development of Brevik * Railway track in 1895, Brevikbanen, part of Vestfoldbanen * Post office in 1689 * Pharmacy in 1846 * Town hall in 1761, built by Jørgen Christie Notable residents *Erik Hesselberg — crewmember of the Kon-Tiki The ''Kon-Tiki'' expedition was a 1947 jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from liming materials or other non-nutrient soil amendments. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macro nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock flour for micronutrients. Farmers apply these fertilizers in a variety of ways: through dry or pelletized or liquid application processes, using large agricultural equipment or hand-tool methods. Historically fertilization came from natural or organic sources: compost, animal manure, human manure, harvested minerals, crop rotations and byproducts of human-nature industries (i.e. fish processing waste, or bloodmeal from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate. Elemental phosphorus was first isolated as white phosphorus in 1669. White phosphorus emits a faint glow when exposed to oxygen – hence the name, taken from Greek mythology, meaning 'light-bearer' (Latin ), referring to the " Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term '' phosphorescence'', meaning glow after illumination, derives from this property of phosphorus, although the word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus is caused by oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus — a process now called chem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellef Dahll
Tellef Dahll (10 April 1825, in Kragerø – 17 June 1893, in Morgedal) was a Norwegian mineralogist and geologist. Life After graduating in minearology from the University of Christiania in 1846, Dahll worked for private mining companies. He found coal on the island of Andøya, iron ore at Bjørnevatn and in 1867 Dahll discovered gold from the Tana and Anarjohka rivers, which launched the 1870 gold rush in the Finnish Lapland. Since 1858 Dahll and Theodor Kjerulf led the first geological survey of Norway.Fontani, Marco & Costa, Mariagrazia & Oma, Mary Virginia: ″The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side″, p. 136. Oxford University Press, 2014. Google Books/ref> In 1879 Dahll collected samples of nickel arsenide and gersdorffite Gersdorffite is a nickel arsenic sulfide mineral with formula NiAsS. It crystallizes in the isometric system showing diploidal symmetry. It occurs as euhedral to massive opaque, metallic grey-black to silver white forms. Gersdorffite b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxylapatite
Hydroxyapatite, also called hydroxylapatite (HA), is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), but it is usually written Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. Hydroxyapatite is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group. The OH− ion can be replaced by fluoride, chloride or carbonate, producing fluorapatite or chlorapatite. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. Pure hydroxyapatite powder is white. Naturally occurring apatites can, however, also have brown, yellow, or green colorations, comparable to the discolorations of dental fluorosis. Up to 50% by volume and 70% by weight of human bone is a modified form of hydroxyapatite, known as bone mineral. Carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite is the main mineral of which dental enamel and dentin are composed. Hydroxyapatite crystals are also found in pathological calcifications such as those found in breast tumors, as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonate
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula . The word ''carbonate'' may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group C(=O)(O–)2. The term is also used as a verb, to describe carbonation: the process of raising the concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in water to produce carbonated water and other carbonated beverageseither by the addition of carbon dioxide gas under pressure or by dissolving carbonate or bicarbonate salts into the water. In geology and mineralogy, the term "carbonate" can refer both to carbonate minerals and carbonate rock (which is made of chiefly carbonate minerals), and both are dominated by the carbonate ion, . Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock. The most common are calcite or calcium carbonate, CaCO3, the chief constituent of limestone (as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldemar Christofer Brøgger (geologist)
Waldemar Christofer Brøgger FRSE (10 November 185117 February 1940) was a Norwegian geologist and mineralogist. His research on Permian igneous rocks (286 to 245 million years ago) of the Oslo district greatly advanced petrologic theory on the formation of rocks. Biography He was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of Anton Wilhelm Brøgger (1820–82) and Oline (“Lina”) Marie Bjerring (1826–1905). He attended Oslo Cathedral School and graduated in 1870. He studied science and zoology under Theodor Kjerulf at University of Christiania (now University of Oslo). He was Cand. filos. (1870) and delivered his dissertation in 1875. Brøgger was then immediately employed in the Norwegian Geological Survey as an assistant. In the winter of 1875–76, he made a study trip together with fellow student Hans Reusch (1852–1922) to Corsica and Elba. The two jointly published an illustrated work, ''Jættegryder ved Christiania'' (Copenhagen. 1874) which was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scapolite
The scapolites (Gr. σκάπος, rod, and λίθος, stone) are a group of rock-forming silicate minerals composed of aluminium, calcium, and sodium silicate with chlorine, carbonate and sulfate. The two endmembers are meionite () and marialite (). Silvialite is also a recognized member of the group. Properties The group is an isomorphous mixture of the meionite and marialite endmembers. The tetragonal crystals are hemihedral with parallel faces (like scheelite), and at times of considerable size. They are distinct and usually have the form of square columns, some cleavages parallel to the prism-faces. Crystals are usually white or greyish-white and opaque, though meionite is found as colorless glassy crystals in the ejected limestone blocks of Monte Somma, Vesuvius. The hardness is 5–6, and the specific gravity varies with the chemical composition between 2.7 (meionite) and 2.5 (marialite). The scapolites are especially liable to alteration by weathering processes, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rutile
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer Polymorphism (materials science), polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite. Rutile has one of the highest refractive index, refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion (optics), dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially Polarization (waves), polarization optics, for longer light, visible and infrared, infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum. Rutile derives its name from the Latin ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner. Occurrence Rutile is a common accessory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Funicular
A funicular (, , ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill. The term ''funicular'' derives from the Latin word , the diminutive of , meaning 'rope'. Operation In a funicular, both cars are permanently connected to the opposite ends of the same cable, known as a ''haul rope''; this haul rope runs through a system of pulleys at the upper end of the line. If the railway track is not perfectly straight, the cable is guided along the track using sheaves – unpowered pulleys tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valle, Telemark
Valle is a village in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t .... The village is located on the coast of the Skaggerak, near the mouth of the Fossingfjord, in the southern part of the municipality. The village is located about to the south of the village of Botten and about to the southwest of the village of Bamble. References Bamble Villages in Telemark {{Telemark-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
