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Énergir
Énergir (), formerly known as Gaz Métro, is an energy company with 520,000 customers in Quebec and the northeastern United States. It is the largest natural gas distribution company in Quebec, and, through subsidiaries, also produces electricity from wind. In the United States the company operates through subsidiaries in nearly fifteen states, where it produces electricity from hydroelectric, wind and solar sources, in addition to being the leading electricity distributor and the sole natural gas distributor in Vermont. Background The main natural gas distributor in Québec was created during the first nationalization of electricity in Québec, in 1944. By bringing Montreal Light, Heat and Power under state control, the new Quebec Hydroelectric Commission, better known as Hydro-Québec, not only took charge of the company's electricity assets, and also acquired a gas distribution network in Greater Montreal. Near the end of the 1940s, industrialists began planning the constr ...
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Montreal Light, Heat & Power
The Montreal Light, Heat and Power Company (MLH&P) was a utility company operating the electric and gas distribution monopoly in the area of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, until its nationalization by the government of Quebec in 1944, under a law creating the ''Quebec Hydroelectric Commission'', also known as Hydro-Québec. Hydro-Québec ran both of MLH&P's electric and gas operations until 1957, when its gas properties were sold to the ''Corporation de gaz naturel du Québec'', known today as Énergir. The company was established in 1901 as a result of the merger of Rodolphe Forget's ''Royal Electric Company'' and Herbert Samuel Holt's ''Montreal Gas Company''. Its name became Montreal Light, Heat and Power Consolidated in 1918 after a merger and corporate reorganization.Statutes of the Province of Quebec, 8 George V ch. 111, 1918. Gallery Image:MLHP Power Building (1930).jpg, The ''Power Building'', company headquarters, at the corner of Craig ( Saint-Antoine) and Saint-Urbain, ...
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Vermont
Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Admitted to the union in 1791 as the 14th state, it is the only state in New England not bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the state has a population of 643,503, ranking it the second least-populated in the U.S. after Wyoming. It is also the nation's sixth-smallest state in area. The state's capital Montpelier is the least-populous state capital in the U.S., while its most-populous city, Burlington, is the least-populous to be a state's largest. For some 12,000 years, indigenous peoples have inhabited this area. The competitive tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and Iroquoian-speaking Mohawk were active in the area at the time of European encounter. During the 17th century, Fr ...
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Enbridge
Enbridge Inc. is a multinational pipeline and energy company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Enbridge owns and operates pipelines throughout Canada and the United States, transporting crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids. Enbridge's pipeline system is the longest in North America and the largest oil export pipeline network in the world. Its crude oil system consists of 28,661 kilometres (17,809 miles) of pipelines. Its 38,300 kilometre (23,800 mile) natural gas pipeline system connects multiple Canadian provinces, several US states, and the Gulf of Mexico. The company was formed by Imperial Oil in 1949 as the Interprovincial Pipe Line Company Limited to transport Alberta oil to refineries. Over time, it has grown through acquisition of other existing pipeline companies and the expansion of their projects. Between 2012 and 2021, Enbridge transported over 32 billion barrels of crude oil. Enbridge has built several renewable energy projects in North America an ...
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Hydro-Québec
Hydro-Québec is a public utility that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in the Canadian province of Quebec, as well as the export of power to portions of the Northeast United States. It was established by the Government of Quebec in 1944 from the expropriation of private firms. This was followed by massive investment in hydro-electric projects like the James Bay Project. Today, with 63 hydroelectric power stations, the combined output capacity is 37,370 megawatts. Extra power is exported from the province and Hydro-Québec supplies 10 per cent of New England's power requirements. Hydro-Québec is a Crown corporation (state-owned enterprise) based in Montreal. In 2018, it paid CAD$2.39 billion in dividends to its sole shareholder, the Government of Québec. Its residential power rates are among the lowest in North America. More than 40 percent of Canada’s water resources are in Québec and Hydro-Québec is the fourth largest hydropower produ ...
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VTDigger
VTDigger is an investigative journalism platform that reports on politics, businesses, events, and public policy of Vermont. VTDigger was founded in September 2009 by its current Executive Director, Anne Galloway, who was nominated for the "Vermonter of the Year Award" by ''The Burlington Free Press'' in 2016. In 2010, VTDigger merged with the Vermont Journalism Trust, a non-profit organization that currently publishes the site. Published by a non-profit, a substantial part of its support comes from a governmental unit(s) and/or from the general public, including sponsors, gifts, and organization membership. According to the Institute for Nonprofit News (INN), "In the second least-populous state in the country, VTDigger is averaging nearly 300,000 monthly users, has a staff of 19 full-time employees, and an annual budget over $1.5 million" as of May 2018. VTDigger has received substantial public support from government agencies and other sources, including over $1.725 million in ...
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Central Vermont Public Service
Central Vermont Public Service Corp. (CVPS) was the largest electricity supplier in Vermont. Its customer base covered 160,000 people in 163 towns, villages and cities in Vermont. The company generated revenue mainly though purchased electricity through its subsidiaries including C.V. Realty, Inc., East Barnet Hydroelectric, Inc., and Catamount Resources Corp. History In 1929, the company was founded by combining eight Vermont electric companies. The creator was Samuel Insull. The company was among the first companies to successfully use wind to generate electricity and organized Yankee Atomic Electric Company to make a trial in atomic power. In 1990s and 2000s, CVPS struggled to maintain profitability and was acquired by Quebec's Gaz Métro on June 27, 2012, merging into its Green Mountain Power subsidiary through Gaz Métro's American operations, Northern New England Energy Corporation. Gaz Métro purchased CVPS for $472 million, outbidding another Canadian company who sought C ...
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