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École Supérieure De Guerre
The ''École supérieure de guerre'' ("Superior School of Warfare") was the most senior military education institute and staff college of the French Army, from 1876 until 1993, when it was merged into the inter-service ' (Joint Defense College), which was succeeded in 2011 by the ' (School of Warfare). Located in the École militaire complex in Paris, it was responsible for the training of staff officers and general officers. Establishment Drawing on lessons from the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, General Ernest Courtot de Cissey, Minister of War between 1871 to 1876, decided on 26 January 1876 to establish courses intended to prepare in two years for the functions of military staff and command officers of whom Marshal François Certain de Canrobert, a member of the ''Conseil supérieur de la guerre'' (Superior War Council), said that they should henceforth "have a thorough knowledge of the particular and combined use of various weapons". General Henri-Pierre Casteln ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War College
A war college is a senior military academy which is normally intended for veteran military officers and whose purpose is to educate and 'train on' senior military tacticians, strategists, and leaders. It is also often the place where advanced tactical and strategic thought is conducted, both for the purpose of developing doctrine and for the purpose of identifying implications and shifts in long-term patterns. Examples: ;Naval Colleges *Naval War College, Goa of the Indian Navy *Naval War College (Japan) of the Imperial Japanese Navy (Defunct) * Pakistan Naval War College of the Pakistan Navy *Naval War College of the United States Navy *Royal Naval War College of the Royal Navy (Defunct) ;Army Colleges *Army War College, Mhow of the Indian Army *Army War College (Japan) of the Imperial Japanese Army (Defunct) *United States Army War College of the United States Army ;Air Force Colleges * College of Air Warfare of the Indian Air Force *PAF Air War College of the Pakistan Air Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of French domination over most of continental Europe. The wars stemmed from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary Wars consisting of the War of the First Coalition (1792–1797) and the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802). The Napoleonic Wars are often described as five conflicts, each termed after the coalition that fought Napoleon: the Third Coalition (1803–1806), the Fourth (1806–1807), the Fifth (1809), the Sixth (1813–1814), and the Seventh (1815) plus the Peninsular War (1807–1814) and the French invasion of Russia (1812). Napoleon, upon ascending to First Consul of France in 1799, had inherited a republic in chaos; he subsequently created a state with stable financ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coëtquidan
Camp Coëtquidan (''Camp de Coëtquidan'') is a French military educational facility located in the Morbihan department of Brittany in France. It forms a part of the commune of Guer and covers an area of approximately 64 km². It comprises: * École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM) * École militaire interarmes (EMIA) (inter-services military school) * 4e bataillon de l'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. World War I Beginning in June–July 1917 the camp was temporarily transferred to the American Expeditionary Forces for use as an artillery training center. Field artillery brigades trained there included the 3rd ( 3rd Division), 51st ( 26th Division), 55th ( 30th Division), 56th ( 31st Division), 57th ( 32nd Division), 60th ( 35th Division), 61st ( 36th Division), 64th (39th Division), 67th ( 42nd Division), 158th ( 83rd Division), and the 160th ( 85th Division). World War II During the war, Coëtquidan was the main army camp used by the Polish Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Spéciale Militaire De Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is a French military academy, and is often referred to as Saint-Cyr (). It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. Its motto is ''Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre'', literally meaning "They study to vanquish" or, more freely put, "Training for victory". French cadet officers are called ''saint-cyriens'' or ''cyrards''. France's other most senior military education institute is the ''École de guerre'' (EdG) (School of Warfare), located in the ''École militaire'' complex, in Paris. French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers. The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former ''Maison Royale de Saint-Louis'', in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecole De Guerre-Terre
The École de Guerre-Terre (EDG-T) ("Army War College") is a French military academy that trains senior army officers, recruited mainly after succeeding competitive examinations right after the first part of their military career, in which they served as platoon and company commanders in regiments. They will soon be expected to serve as high-level senior officers. The EDG-T is indeed part of a high-level military education, consisting of staff training, passing the War College (École de Guerre / EDG) selective exam, education at the EDG-T, and then at the (EdG) ("War College"). The EDG-T was recreated in 2018 and is located inside the walls of the École Militaire, a famous Parisian building facing the Eiffel Tower. It finds its roots in the École Supérieure de Guerre (ESG), the 136th promotion is currently following schooling. The nature of the teaching is actually very different EDG, which focuses on joint level operations, whereas EDG-T devotes its teaching to land operati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parrot
Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea ("true" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots). One-third of all parrot species are threatened by extinction, with higher aggregate extinction risk ( IUCN Red List Index) than any other comparable bird group. Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia. Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum. They form the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), (; "German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation. Prussia had also allied with the Kingdom of Italy, linking this conflict to the Third Italian War of Independence, Third Independence War of Italian unification. The Austro-Prussian War was part of the wider Austria-Prussia rivalry, rivalry between Austria and Prussia, and resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states. The major result of the war was a shift in power among the German states away from Austrian and towards Prussian hegemony. It resulted in the abolition of the German Confederation and its partial replacement by the unification of Germany, unification of all of the northern German sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Náchod
The Battle of Náchod (''German: Nachod'') on 27 June 1866 was the first major action of the Austro-Prussian War. The advance guard of General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz's 5th Corps occupied some high ground near Náchod as part of a Prussian advance into Bohemia from Silesia. Elements of the Austrian 6th Corps under General Von Ramming came on the scene and attacked the Prussians but were repulsed. As more Austrians arrived, they were ordered into attacks which proved both costly and unsuccessful. Finally, the badly mauled Austrians retreated from the field. The Prussian infantry enjoyed a technical advantage in having the needle gun, a breech-loading rifle that could be fired and loaded from a prone position. Consequently, the Austrian infantry, which were only equipped with muzzle-loading rifles, suffered a disproportionate number of casualties. Events The Prussian Second Army, invading Bohemia, had to split up in order to negotiate the passes of the Riesen Mountains (Krko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Foch
Ferdinand Foch ( , ; 2 October 1851 – 20 March 1929) was a French general and military theorist who served as the Supreme Allied Commander during the First World War. An aggressive, even reckless commander at the First Marne, Flanders and Artois campaigns of 1914–1916, Foch became the Allied Commander-in-Chief in late March 1918 in the face of the all-out German spring offensive, which pushed the Allies back using fresh soldiers and new tactics that trenches could not withstand. He successfully coordinated the French, British and American efforts into a coherent whole, deftly handling his strategic reserves. He stopped the German offensive and launched a war-winning counterattack. In November 1918, Marshal Foch accepted the German cessation of hostilities and was present at the Armistice of 11 November 1918. At the outbreak of war in August 1914, Foch's XX Corps participated in the brief invasion of Germany before retreating in the face of a German counter-attack and succ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chef D'escadron
In the French armed forces (and in the armed forces of former French colonies such as the armed forces of Niger , February 19, 2010), ''Chef d'escadron'' ("") is the title of a '''' ( |
Kriegsspiel
''Kriegsspiel'' is a genre of wargaming developed by the Prussian Army in the 19th century to teach battlefield tactics to officers. The word ''Kriegsspiel'' literally means "wargame" in German, but in the context of the English language it refers specifically to the wargames developed by the Prussian army in the 19th century. ''Kriegsspiel'' was the first wargaming system to have been adopted by a military organization as a serious tool for training and research. It is characterized by high realism, an emphasis on the experience of decision-making rather than on competition, and the use of an umpire to keep the rules flexible. After Prussia's impressive victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War, other countries swiftly began designing ''Kriegsspiel''-like wargames for their own armies. Most forms of ''Kriegsspiel'' involve at least two teams of players and one umpire gathered around a map. The map represents a battlefield. Each team is given command of an imaginary army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wargame
A wargame is a strategy game in which two or more players command opposing armed forces in a realistic simulation of an armed conflict. Wargaming may be played for recreation, to train military officers in the art of strategic thinking, or to study the nature of potential conflicts. Many wargames recreate specific historic battles, and can cover either whole wars, or any campaigns, battles, or lower-level engagements within them. Many simulate land combat, but there are wargames for naval and air combat as well. Generally, activities where the participants actually perform mock combat actions (e.g. friendly warships firing dummy rounds at each other) are not considered wargames. Some writers may refer to a military's field training exercises as "live wargames", but certain institutions such as the US Navy do not accept this.''War Gamer's Handbook'' (US Naval War College), p. 4: "The .S. Naval War College's War Gaming Departmentuses the Perla (1990) definition, which describes w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
