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Zosteraceae
Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water, having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of ''Zostera'' subgenus ''Zostera''. Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as monophyletic. The APG II system of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the monocot order Alismatales. The family contains approximately twenty-two species divided between two genera, ''Phyllospadix'' and ''Zostera'' totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). ''Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seagrass
Seagrasses are the only flowering plants which grow in marine environments. There are about 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the clade of monocotyledons). Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants which recolonised the ocean 70 to 100 million years ago. The name ''seagrass'' stems from the many species with long and narrow leaves, which grow by rhizome extension and often spread across large "meadows" resembling grassland; many species superficially resemble terrestrial grasses of the family Poaceae. Like all autotrophic plants, seagrasses photosynthesize, in the submerged photic zone, and most occur in shallow and sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand or mud bottoms. Most species undergo submarine pollination and complete their life cycle underwater. While it was previously believed this pollination was carried out without pollinators ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cymodoceaceae
Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species. The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The family includes five genera, totaling 17 species occurring in tropical seas and oceans (so-called seagrasses). According to thAP-Websiteit is doubtful if the family Ruppiaceae is distinct enough to be kept apart. The inclusion of the sole genus ''Ruppia'' in Ruppiaceae in Cymodoceaceae is being considered. The plants in the three families Cymodoceaceae, Posidoniaceae and Ruppiaceae form a monophyletic group. Its fossil record shows that Cymodoceaceae was established in its current Indo-West Pacific distribution by the early Eocene and perhaps even during the late Paleocene. Fossils of ''Thalassodendron auriculalopris'' den Hartog and ''Cymodocea floridana'' den Hartog (both extant) were also found in west-central Florida and date back to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zannichelliaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', which contains about 100 species. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, and is considered to be one of the most important angiosperm groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.Haynes, R. R. 1975. A revision of North American ''Potamogeton'' subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora 76: 564--64 Taxonomy The Potamogetonaceae are currently placed in the early diverging monocot order Alismatales by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Their concept of the family includes the plants sometimes treated in the separate family Zannichelliaceae, but excludes the genus '' Ruppia''. So circumscribed, the family currently consists of six genera: ''Althenia'', ''Groenlandia'', ''Lepilaena'', '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruppiaceae
''Ruppia'', also known as the widgeonweeds, ditch grasses or widgeon grass, is the only extant genus in the family Ruppiaceae, with eight known species. These are aquatic plants widespread over much of the world. The genus name honours Heinrich Bernhard Rupp, a German botanist (1688-1719). They are widespread outside of frigid zones and the tropics. Description The leaf is simple and not rhizomatous. They can be annual (commonly) or perennial (rarely); stem growth is conspicuously sympodial, but sometimes is not. These species are adapted to be in brackish water (and salt marshes). The leaves are small or medium-sized. Their disposition can be alternate, opposite, or whorled (usually alternate except when subtending an inflorescence). Even, lamina keep entire and are setaceous or linear. The leaf just shows one vein without cross-venules. Stomata are not present. The mesophyll leaks calcium oxalate crystals. The minor leaf veins do not present phloem transfer cells and leaks ves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potamogetonaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', which contains about 100 species. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, and is considered to be one of the most important angiosperm groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.Haynes, R. R. 1975. A revision of North American ''Potamogeton'' subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora 76: 564--64 Taxonomy The Potamogetonaceae are currently placed in the early diverging monocot order Alismatales by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Their concept of the family includes the plants sometimes treated in the separate family Zannichelliaceae, but excludes the genus '' Ruppia''. So circumscribed, the family currently consists of six genera: ''Althenia'', ''Groenlandia'', ''Lepilaena'', '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alismatales
The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4,500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats. Description The Alismatales comprise herbaceous flowering plants of often aquatic and marshy habitats, and the only monocots known to have green embryos other than the Amaryllidaceae. They also include the only marine angiosperms growing completely submerged, the seagrasses. The flowers are usually arranged in inflorescences, and the mature seeds lack endosperm. Both marine and freshwater forms include those with staminate flowers that detach from the parent plant and float to the surface. There they can pollinate carpellate flowers floating on the surface via long pedicels. In others, pollination occurs underwater, where pollen may form elongated strands, increasing chance of success. Most aquatic species have a totally submerged juvenile phase, and flowers are either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllospadix
''Phyllospadix'', surfgrass, is a genus of seagrass, a flowering plant in the family Zosteraceae, described as a genus in 1840. ''Phyllospadix'' grows in marine waters along the coasts of the temperate North Pacific. It is one of the seagrass genera that can perform completely submerged pollination. Species ;Accepted species *'' Phyllospadix iwatensis'' – China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East *'' Phyllospadix japonicus'' – China, Korea, Japan *'' Phyllospadix juzepczukii'' – Russian Far East *'' Phyllospadix scouleri'' (type species) – Alaska to Baja California *'' Phyllospadix serrulatus'' – Alaska, British Columbia, Washington *''Phyllospadix torreyi'' – British Columbia to northwestern Mexico References * External links Imagesof ''Phyllospadix'' at Algaebase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zostera Marina
''Zostera marina'' is a flowering vascular plant species as one of many kinds of seagrass, with this species known primarily by the English name of eelgrass with seawrack much less used, and refers to the plant after breaking loose from the submerged wetland soil, and drifting free with ocean current and waves to a coast seashore. It is a saline soft-sediment submerged plant native to marine environments on the coastlines of northern latitudes from subtropical to subpolar regions of North America and Eurasia. Distribution This species is the most wide-ranging marine flowering plant in the Northern Hemisphere. It lives in cooler ocean waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and in the warmer southern parts of its range it dies off during warmer seasons. It grows in the Arctic region and endures several months of ice cover per year.Borum J., et al., (Eds.) (2004.European seagrasses: an introduction to monitoring and management.European Union: Monitoring & Managing of Europea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monocot
Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided; the rest of the flowering plants have two cotyledons and are classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank. The monocotyledons include about 60,000 species, about a quarter of all angiosperms. The largest family in this group (and in the flowering plants as a whole) by number of species are the orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 20,000 species. About half as many species belong to the true grasses ( Poaceae), which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringodium
''Syringodium'' is a genus in the family Cymodoceaceae described as a genus in 1860. It is found along shorelines of tropical and subtropical marine environments (Indian and Pacific Oceans, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico). Species There are two recognised species *'' Syringodium filiforme'' Kütz. - shores of Gulf of Mexico ( TX LA MS FL, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Yucatán Peninsula), and Caribbean (Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Greater + Lesser Antilles, Central America, Venezuela, Colombia) *'' Syringodium isoetifolium'' - Indian + western Pacific shores including Red Sea, Persian Gulf, South China Sea: Africa (Egypt to Mozambique, Madagascar, Socotra, Seychelles, Mauritius, Réunion, Maldives, Andaman & Nicobar, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, southern China, Papuasia, northern Australia, Papuasia, Micronesia Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanozostera
''Zostera'' is a small genus of widely distributed seagrasses, commonly called marine eelgrass, or simply seagrass or eelgrass, and also known as seaweed by some fishermen and recreational boaters including yachtsmen. The genus ''Zostera'' contains 15 species. Ecology ''Zostera marina'' is found on sandy substrates or in estuaries, usually submerged or partially floating. Most ''Zostera'' are perennial. They have long, bright green, ribbon-like leaves, the width of which are about . Short stems grow up from extensive, white branching rhizomes. The flowers are enclosed in the sheaths of the leaf bases; the fruits are bladdery and can float. ''Zostera'' beds are important for sediment deposition, substrate stabilization, as substrate for epiphytic algae and micro-invertebrates, and as nursery grounds for many species of economically important fish and shellfish. ''Zostera'' often forms beds in bay mud in the estuarine setting. It is an important food for brant geese and wigeon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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