Women In Refrigerators
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Women In Refrigerators
Women in Refrigerators (or WiR) is a website created in 1999 by a group of feminist comic-book fans that lists examples of the superhero comic-book trope whereby female characters are injured, raped, killed, or depowered (an event colloquially known as fridging), sometimes to stimulate "protective" traits, and often as a plot device intended to move a male character's story arc forward, and seeks to analyze why these plot devices are used disproportionately on female characters. History The term "Women in Refrigerators" was coined by writer Gail Simone as a name for the website in early 1999 during online discussions about comic books with friends. It refers to an incident in ''Green Lantern'' vol. 3 #54 (1994), written by Ron Marz, in which Kyle Rayner, the title hero, comes home to his apartment to find that his girlfriend, Alexandra DeWitt, had been killed by the villain Major Force and stuffed into a refrigerator.Prowse-Gany, Brian (August 12, 2015)"Rise of the Female Sup ...
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Comic Book
A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually, dialogue contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. "Comic Cuts" was a British comic published from 1890 to 1953. It was preceded by "Ally Sloper's Half Holiday" (1884) which is notable for its use of sequential cartoons to unfold narrative. These British comics existed alongside of the popular lurid "Penny dreadfuls" (such as "Spring-heeled Jack"), boys' " Story papers" and the humorous Punch (magazine) which was the first to use the term "cartoon" in its modern sense of a humorous drawing. The interweaving of drawings and the written word had been pioneered by, among others, William Blake (1757 - 1857) in works such as Blake's "The Descent Of Christ" ...
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Usenet
Usenet () is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980.''From Usenet to CoWebs: interacting with social information spaces'', Christopher Lueg, Danyel Fisher, Springer (2003), , Users read and post messages (called ''articles'' or ''posts'', and collectively termed ''news'') to one or more topic categories, known as newsgroups. Usenet resembles a bulletin board system (BBS) in many respects and is the precursor to the Internet forums that have become widely used. Discussions are threaded, as with web forums and BBSs, though posts are stored on the server sequentially.The jargon file v4.4.7
, Jargon File Archive.

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Black Lantern Corps
The Black Lantern Corps is a fictional organization of corporeal revenants (resembling intelligent zombies or jiangshi) appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, related to the emotional spectrum. The group is composed of deceased fictional characters in zombie form that seek to eliminate all life from the DC Universe. Publication history Prior to the ''Blackest Night'' event, Black Hand ("leader" and first member of the Black Lantern Corps) had already been established as a villain within the pages of ''Green Lantern''. Writer Geoff Johns revisited his origin and expanded upon certain aspects of it during the '' Green Lantern: Secret Origin'' story arc (2008). During the arc, Hand's energy-absorbing weapon (previously thought to be an original invention) is revealed to have been constructed by Atrocitus, enemy of the Guardians of the Universe and future founder of the Red Lantern Corps.''Green Lantern'' (vol. 4) #32 (August 2008). DC Comics. Atrocitus comes to Earth an ...
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Blackest Night
"Blackest Night" is a 2009–10 American comic book crossover storyline published by DC Comics, consisting of an eponymous central miniseries, written by Geoff Johns and penciled by Ivan Reis, along with a number of tie-in issues. ''Blackest Night'' involves Nekron, a personified force of death who reanimates deceased superheroes and seeks to eliminate all life and emotion from the universe. Geoff Johns has identified the series' central theme as emotion. The crossover was published for eight months as a limited series and in both the ''Green Lantern'' and '' Green Lantern Corps'' comic titles. Various other limited series and tie-ins, including an audio drama from Darker Projects, were published. Background The storyline was first mentioned at the conclusion of the "Sinestro Corps War" in ''Green Lantern'' (vol. 4) #25. As the war between the Green Lantern and Sinestro Corps reaches its climax, the four Green Lanterns of Earth— Hal Jordan, Guy Gardner, John Stewart, and Kyl ...
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Washington State University
Washington State University (Washington State, WSU, or informally Wazzu) is a public land-grant research university with its flagship, and oldest, campus in Pullman, Washington. Founded in 1890, WSU is also one of the oldest land-grant universities in the American West. With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,278 and a total enrollment of 28,581, it is the second largest institution for higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The WSU Pullman campus stands on a hill and is characterized by open spaces and a red brick and basalt material palette—materials originally found on site. The university sits within the rolling topography of the Palouse in rural eastern Washington and remains closely connected to the town and the region. The university also operates campuses across Washington at WSU Spokane, WSU Tri-Cities, and WSU Vancouver, all founded in 1989. In ...
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Pop Culture
Pop or POP may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Pop music, a musical genre Artists * POP, a Japanese idol group now known as Gang Parade * Pop!, a UK pop group * Pop! featuring Angie Hart, an Australian band Albums * Pop (Gas album), ''Pop'' (Gas album) * Pop (Joachim Witt album), ''Pop'' (Joachim Witt album) * Pop (Mao Abe album), ''Pop'' (Mao Abe album) * Pop (Same Difference album), ''Pop'' (Same Difference album) * Pop (Tones on Tail album), ''Pop'' (Tones on Tail album) * Pop (U2 album), ''Pop'' (U2 album) * ''Pop'', an album by Topi Sorsakoski and Agents * ''P.O.P'', The Mad Capsule Markets album * ''Pop! The First 20 Hits'', an album by English duo Erasure Songs * Pop (song), "Pop" (song), by 'N Sync * "Pop", a song by A.R. Kane * "Pop", a song by Ari Lennox from ''Shea Butter Baby'' * "Pop", a song by La Oreja de Van Gogh from ''El viaje de Copperpot'' * "Pop! (song), Pop!", a song by Nayeon from ''Im Nayeon (EP), Im Nayeon'' Periodicals * Pop (fashion m ...
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Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to prejudice ...
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Black Mask (character)
Black Mask (Roman Sionis) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Doug Moench and Tom Mandrake, the character debuted in ''Batman'' #386 (August 1985). He is commonly depicted as a brutal and ruthless crime lord in Gotham City who has a fixation with masks and derives sadistic pleasure from the act of torture. Black Mask is one of the most enduring enemies of the superhero Batman and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery. The character has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including the cartoon show ''The Batman'', the animated film '' Batman: Under the Red Hood'', and the '' Batman: Arkham'' video game series. Black Mask made his live-action debut in the 2014 television series '' Gotham'', as Richard Sionis, portrayed by Todd Stashwick; this version of the character was later integrated into comics in the 2016 relaunch ''DC Rebirth'' as The Mask, depicted as the Black Mas ...
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Stephanie Brown (character)
Stephanie Brown is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, most commonly associated with Batman. The character first appeared in ''Detective Comics'' #647 (June 1992) and was created by Chuck Dixon and Tom Lyle. The daughter of the criminal Cluemaster, the character originated as the amateur crime-fighter named the Spoiler. Later, she briefly became the fourth Robin (character), Robin and the third Batgirl. She has also served as the love interest/girlfriend of the third Robin (character), Robin, Tim Drake. From 2009 to 2011, she was the star of her own ongoing ''Batgirl'' comic book series. In 2014, following a company-wide relaunch of all DC Comics titles as the New 52 in 2011, the character returned to the Spoiler identity in ''Batman Eternal'', completely resetting her to the beginning of her crime fighting career. She is the only character to have been both Robin and Batgirl in mainstream continuity. Stephanie Brown appeared in the Batwoman (s ...
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