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Webcap
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. A common feature among all species in the genus ''Cortinarius'' is that young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name, meaning ''curtained''. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and will leave no trace once gone, except for limited remnants on the stem or cap edge in some species. All have a rusty brown spore print. The common names cortinar and webcap refer to members of the genus. Due to dangerous toxicity of several species (such as ''Cortinarius orellanus'') and the fact that it is difficult to distinguish between various species of the genus, non-expert consumption of mushrooms from the genus is discouraged. Distinguishing features The veil protects the gills in younger specimens and usually disappears leaving little to no trace of itself as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Violaceus
''Cortinarius violaceus'', commonly known as the violet webcap or violet cort, is a fungus in the webcap genus ''Cortinarius'' native across the Northern Hemisphere. The fruit bodies are dark purple mushrooms with caps up to across, sporting gills underneath. The stalk measures by , sometimes with a thicker base. The dark flesh has a smell reminiscent of cedar wood. Forming symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal) relationships with the roots of various plant species, ''C. violaceus'' is found predominantly in conifer forests in North America and deciduous forests in Europe. Though they are sometimes described as edible, the appearance of these mushrooms is more distinctive than their taste. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and has undergone several name changes. It is the type species of the genus ''Cortinarius'', but is readily distinguished from other species in the genus by its dark colouration and distinct cystidia. There are some populations that seem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Rubellus
''Cortinarius rubellus'', commonly known as the deadly webcap, is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae, native to high-latitude temperate to subalpine forests of Eurasia and North America. Within the genus it belongs to a group known as the Orellani, all of which are highly toxic. Eating them results in kidney failure, which is often irreversible. The mushroom is generally tan to brown all over, with a conical to convex cap in diameter, adnate gills and a tall stipe. Taxonomy British naturalist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke described ''Cortinarius rubellus'' in 1887 from material collected by a Dr. Carlyle at Orton Moss near Carlisle, Cumbria. The name was rarely used before 1980, however. ''Cortinarius orellanoides'' was described by Henry in 1937 from mushrooms growing under bracken (''Pteridium aquilinum'') and beech in France, while Robert Kühner and Henri Romagnesi described ''C. speciosissimus'' (initially ''C. speciosus'', but that name had already been given to ano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. A common feature among all species in the genus ''Cortinarius'' is that young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name, meaning ''curtained''. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and will leave no trace once gone, except for limited remnants on the stem or cap edge in some species. All have a rusty brown spore print. The common names cortinar and webcap refer to members of the genus. Due to dangerous toxicity of several species (such as ''Cortinarius orellanus'') and the fact that it is difficult to distinguish between various species of the genus, non-expert consumption of mushrooms from the genus is discouraged. Distinguishing features The veil protects the gills in younger specimens and usually disappears leaving little to no trace of itself as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Orellanus
''Cortinarius orellanus'', commonly known as the fool's webcap or fools webcap, is a species of deadly fungus in the family Cortinariaceae native to Europe. Within the genus it belongs to a group known as the Orellani, all of which are highly toxic—eating them results in kidney failure, which is often irreversible. The mushroom is generally tan to brown all over. Taxonomy ''Cortinarius orellanus'' was first described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in his 1838 book ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum''. It is one of seven highly toxic species that make up the orellani, a subgenus within genus ''Cortinarius''. Description ''Cortinarius orellanus'' has a concave cap of diameter, though rare specimens reach across. The cap flattens with age. In colour, it is an orange-brown, and is covered in fine, fibrous scales but become smooth with age. The cap surface turns black with potassium hydroxide. The thick gills are light ochre-coloured, changing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Praestans
''Cortinarius praestans'', also known as the goliath webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus ''Cortinarius''. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to in diameter, and thick club-shaped stipes up to long. The edible mushroom is found in Europe. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Agaricus praestans'' by the French botanist François Simon Cordier in 1870. It is commonly known as the "goliath webcap". Description left Mature caps are convex, usually grooved at the rolled-in margins, and typically reach diameters between . The surface color of the cap is chestnut or chocolate-brown with violet-copper tint. It has a light covering of surface fibrils and veil remnants that may appear as if pressed against the surface, or like small scales. The gills are whitish with an amethyst tint then later creamy clay- to rust-colored. They are crowded closely together, and have edges that are usually wavy and scalloped. The stem is long and thick, solid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Violaceus 02
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of mushrooms in the family Cortinariaceae. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. A common feature among all species in the genus ''Cortinarius'' is that young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name, meaning ''curtained''. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and will leave no trace once gone, except for limited remnants on the stem or cap edge in some species. All have a rusty brown spore print. The common names cortinar and webcap refer to members of the genus. Due to dangerous toxicity of several species (such as ''Cortinarius orellanus'') and the fact that it is difficult to distinguish between various species of the genus, non-expert consumption of mushrooms from the genus is discouraged. Distinguishing features The veil protects the gills in younger specimens and usually disappears leaving little to no trace of itself as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orellanine
Orellanine or orellanin is a mycotoxin found in a group of mushrooms known as the Orellani of the family Cortinariaceae. Structurally, it is a bipyridine N-oxide compound somewhat related to the herbicide diquat. History Orellanine first came to people's attention in 1952 when a mass poisoning of 102 people in Konin, Poland, resulted in 11 deaths. Orellanine comes from a class of mushrooms that fall under the genus ''Cortinarius,'' and has been found in the species '' C. orellanus'', '' rubellus'', ''henrici'', '' rainerensis'' and '' bruneofulvus''. Poisonings related to these mushrooms have occurred predominately in Europe where mushroom foraging was common, though cases of orellanine poisoning have been reported in North America and Australia as well. There are several reported cases of people ingesting orellanine-containing mushrooms after mistaking them for edible or hallucinogenic mushrooms. Orellanine was first isolated in 1962, when Stanisław Grzymala extracted and iso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermocybe
The fungi of the ''Dermocybe'' group, commonly known as skin-heads, form a group within the huge genus ''Cortinarius''. They are generally considered to be a subgenus though some authorities consider them to form a genus in their own right. They can be distinguished from other ''Cortinarius'' species by: #their brilliant colours, especially of the gills, #their non-hygrophanous dry cap, and #their dry cylindrical (non-bulbous) stem. An example with a vivid green colour is ''Dermocybe austroveneta''. Another example is ''D. semisanguinea'' (pictured), which from above is an ordinary brown colour, but which shows a striking blood-red sheen when the underside of the cap is viewed. Lethal webcaps one of world's most poisonous mushrooms belongs to the group. The Austrian Professor Meinhard Moser (1924-2002), whose book is referenced, was one of the authorities who promote ''Dermocybe'' to the status of a genus. References *Meinhard Moser: ''Basidiomycetes II: Röhrlinge und Bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Sanguineus
''Cortinarius sanguineus'', commonly known as the blood red webcap, is a species of fungus in the genus ''Cortinarius''. Taxonomy Austrian naturalist Franz Xaver von Wulfen described the species as ''Agaricus sanguineus'' in 1781, reporting that it appeared in the fir tree forests around Klagenfurt and Ebenthal and in October. He noted that it was very pretty but edible. The specific epithet is the Latin word ''sanguineus'', meaning "bloody". Samuel Frederick Gray established ''Cortinarius'' as a genus in the first volume of his 1821 work ''A Natural Arrangement of British Plants'', recording the species as ''Cortinaria sanguinea'' "the bloody curtain-stool". Friedrich Otto Wünsche described it as ''Dermocybe sanguinea'' in 1877. Most mycologists retain ''Dermocybe'' as merely a subgenus of ''Cortinarius'' as genetically all the species lie within the latter genus. It is closely related to '' Cortinarius puniceus'', which grows under oak and beech from England and France. Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Archeri
''Cortinarius archeri'' is a species of mushroom in the genus ''Cortinarius'' native to Australia. The distinctive mushrooms have bright purple caps that glisten with slime, and appear in autumn in eucalypt forests. Taxonomy English clergyman Miles Joseph Berkeley described ''Cortinarius archeri'' in 1860 from a specimen collected in Cheshunt, Tasmania in April 1856. The species name honours the collector—naturalist William Archer, who was the secretary of the Royal Society of Tasmania. In 1891, the German botanist Otto Kuntze published ''Revisio generum plantarum'', his response to what he perceived as poor method in existing nomenclatural practice. He called the species ''Gomphos archeri'', citing the genus ''Gomphos'' as described by Giovanni Antonio Battarra in 1755 taking precedence over ''Cortinarius''. However, Kuntze's revisionary programme was not accepted by the majority of botanists. Within the genus, ''Cortinarius archeri'' belongs to the subgenus ''Myxacium'', w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinariaceae
The Cortinariaceae are a large family of gilled mushrooms found worldwide, containing over 2100 species. The family takes its name from its largest genus, the varied species of the genus ''Cortinarius''. Many genera formerly in the Cortinariaceae have been placed in various other families, including Hymenogastraceae, Inocybaceae and Bolbitiaceae. The deadly toxin orellanine has been found in at least 34 Cortinariaceae. Taxonomic details Cortinariaceae is a family of mushrooms within the Order Agaricales. The spore producing hymenium is located on the gills. The pileipellis is a cutis. The spores are brown in deposit and, in most genera in this family, the spores are ornamented. Differences in genera ''Cortinarius'' are mushrooms with warted spores, which are rusty-brown in deposit. Mushrooms in this genus have a partial veil which is a cortina. These mushrooms are terrestrial and mycorrhizal, and can range from small to large and fleshy. Edibility Despite the vast number of sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore Print
300px, Making a spore print of the mushroom ''Volvariella volvacea'' shown in composite: (photo lower half) mushroom cap laid on white and dark paper; (photo upper half) cap removed after 24 hours showing pinkish-tan spore print. A 3.5-centimeter glass slide placed in middle allows for examination of spore characteristics under a microscope. image:spore Print ID.gif, 300px, A printable chart to make a spore print and start identification The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal sporocarp (fungi), fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse. Method A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
