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Vasa Gene
''Vasa'' is an RNA binding protein with an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that is a member of the DEAD box family of proteins. The vasa gene is essential for germ cell development and was first identified in ''Drosophila melanogaster'', but has since been found to be conserved in a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans. The Vasa protein is found primarily in germ cells in embryos and adults, where it is involved in germ cell determination and function, as well as in multipotent stem cells, where its exact function is unknown. Gene The Vasa gene is a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases in ''Drosophila melanogaster.'' Its human ortholog, Ddx4, is located on human chromosome 5q. It is syntenic to mouse chromosome 13, where the mouse vasa gene is located. The gene is conserved in many invertebrates and vertebrate species such as ''Caenorhabditis elegans'', ''Xenopus'', Zebrafish, flatworms, echinoderms, molluscs, nematodes, mice and rats as an important par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicase
Helicases are a class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. Their main function is to unpack an organism's genetic material. Helicases are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two hybridized nucleic acid strands (hence '' helic- + -ase''), using energy from ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases, representing the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases. Some specialized helicases are also involved in sensing of viral nucleic acids during infection and fulfill a immunological function. Function Helicases are o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juri Rappsilber
Juri Rappsilber (born 1971) is a German chemist in the area of mass spectrometry and proteomics. Career Rappsilber studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin, University of Strathclyde, and with Tom Rapoport, Harvard Medical School. In 2001, he earned his Ph.D. in Proteomics jointly from EMBL Heidelberg and the Goethe University Frankfurt working in the laboratory of Matthias Mann on the mass spectrometric analysis of protein complexes, externally supervised by Michael Karas. He followed Mann to the University of Southern Denmark and completed a postdoctoral fellowship before starting his independent career at IFOM - FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan in 2003. In 2006, he joined the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology in the Institute of Cell Biology at the University of Edinburgh. In 2009, he became a senior research fellow of the Wellcome Trust, in 2010 he was appointed Professor of Proteomics in Edinburgh. Since 2011, he has been Full Professor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrate
Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described. Vertebrates comprise such groups as the following: * jawless fish, which include hagfish and lampreys * jawed vertebrates, which include: ** cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and ratfish) ** bony vertebrates, which include: *** ray-fins (the majority of living bony fish) *** lobe-fins, which include: **** coelacanths and lungfish **** tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ''Paedophryne amauensis'', at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligochaete
Oligochaeta () is a subclass of animals in the phylum Annelida, which is made up of many types of aquatic and terrestrial worms, including all of the various earthworms. Specifically, oligochaetes comprise the terrestrial megadrile earthworms (some of which are semiaquatic or fully aquatic), and freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile forms, including the tubificids, pot worms and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae) and several interstitial marine worms. With around 10,000 known species, the Oligochaeta make up about half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few setae (chaetae) or "bristles" on their outer body surfaces, and lack parapodia, unlike polychaeta. Diversity Oligochaetes are well-segmented worms and most have a spacious body cavity (coelom) used as a hydroskeleton. They range in length from less than up to in the 'giant' species such as the giant Gippsland earthworm (''Megascolides australis'') and the Mekong worm (''Amynthas meko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platynereis Dumerilii
''Platynereis dumerilii'' is a species of annelid polychaete worm. It was originally placed into the genus ''Nereis'' and later reassigned to the genus ''Platynereis''. ''Platynereis dumerilii'' lives in coastal marine waters from temperate to tropical zones. It can be found in a wide range from the Azores, the Mediterranean, in the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Atlantic down to the Cape of Good Hope, in the Black Sea, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Japan, the Pacific, and the Kerguelen Islands. ''Platynereis dumerilii'' is today an important lab animal, it is considered as a living fossil, and it is used in many phylogenetic studies as a model organism. Description ''Platynereis dumerilii'' is a small marine ragworm: Males reach a length of 2 to 3 cm, while females reach a length of 3 to 4 cm. Like a number of invertebrate phyla, ''Platynereis dumerilii'' has an axochord, a paired longitudinal muscle that displays striking similarities to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilyanassa
''Ilyanassa'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ... Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks.Marshall, B.; Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2016). Ilyanassa Stimpson, 1865. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=467489 on 2016-05-18 Species Species within the genus ''Ilyanassa'' include: * '' Ilyanassa obsoleta'' (Say, 1822): * ''Il yanassa trivittata'' (Say, 1822): synonym of '' Tritia trivittata'' (Say, 1822) References External links Stimpson W. 1865. On certain genera and families of zoophagous gasteropods. American Journal of Conchology, 1: 55-64, pl. 8-9L.A., Puillandre N., Utge J., L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyascus Polygenea
''Polyascus'' is a genus of barnacles in infraclass Rhizocephala. It was circumscribed in 2003 by Henrik Glenner, Jørgen Lützen, and Tohru Takahashi. They included three species, all transferred from ''Sacculina''. The generic name ''polyascus'' (''poly'' "many" + ''ascus'' "bag") refers to the typical presence of multiple external sac-like female bodies, known as ''externae''. In ''Polyascus'' species, these originate from asexual reproduction. Species , WoRMS Worms may refer to: *Worm, an invertebrate animal with a tube-like body and no limbs Places *Worms, Germany, a city **Worms (electoral district) *Worms, Nebraska, U.S. *Worms im Veltlintal, the German name for Bormio, Italy Arts and entertainme ... recognizes the following three species, all included in the genus's circumscription. References Barnacles Parasites of crustaceans Parasitic crustaceans Crustacean genera {{maxillopoda-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidarians
Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in freshwater and marine environments, predominantly the latter. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick. Cnidarians mostly have two basic body forms: swimming medusae and sessile polyps, both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration. Many cnidarian species produce colonies that are single organisms composed of medusa-like or polyp-like zooids, or both (hence they are trimorphic). Cnidarians' activities are coordinated by a decentralized nerve net and simple receptors. Several free-swimming species of Cubozoa and Scyphozo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleost
Teleostei (; Greek ''teleios'' "complete" + ''osteon'' "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts ), is, by far, the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, containing 96% of all extant species of fish. Teleosts are arranged into about 40 orders and 448 family (biology), families. Over 26,000 species have been described. Teleosts range from giant oarfish measuring or more, and ocean sunfish weighing over , to the minute male anglerfish ''Photocorynus spiniceps'', just long. Including not only torpedo-shaped fish built for speed, teleosts can be flattened vertically or horizontally, be elongated cylinders or take specialised shapes as in anglerfish and seahorses. The difference between teleosts and other bony fish lies mainly in their jaw bones; teleosts have a movable premaxilla and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature which make it possible for them to cranial kinesis, protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. This is of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters are in the superfamily Ostreoidea. Some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects. Etymology The word ''oyster'' comes from Old French , and first appeared in English during the 14th century. The French derived from the Latin , the feminine form of , which is the latinisation of the Ancient Greek () 'oyster'. Compare () 'bone'. Types True oysters True oysters are members of the family Ostreidae. This family includes the edible oysters, which mainly belong t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryllus Primigenus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae. Species Species in this genus include: * '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988 * '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991 * '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 * '' Botryllus compositus'' Tokioka, 1967 * '' Botryllus delicatus'' Okuyama & Saito, 2001 * '' Botryllus eilatensis'' Shenkar & Monniot, 2006 * '' Botryllus elegans'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * '' Botryllus firmus'' Monniot & Monniot, 1996 * '' Botryllus gregalis'' (Sluiter, 1898) * ''Botryllus horridus'' Saito & Okuyama, 2003 * '' Botryllus japonicus'' (Oka, 1931) * '' Botryllus leptus'' Savigny, 1816 * '' Botryllus maeandrius'' (Sluiter, 1898) * ''Botryllus magnus'' Ritter, 1901 * ''Botryllus mortenseni'' Millar, 1964 * ''Botryllus ovalis'' Monniot, 1988 * ''Botryllus perspicuum'' Herdman, 1886 * ''Botryllus planus'' (Van Name, 1902) * ''Botryllus primigenus'' Oka, 1928 * ''Botryllus promiscuus'' Okuyama & Saito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression. Historically, RNAi was known by other names, including ''co-suppression'', ''post-transcriptional gene silencing'' (PTGS), and ''quelling''. The detailed study of each of these seemingly different processes elucidated that the identity of these phenomena were all actually RNAi. Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello shared the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNAi in the nematode worm '' Caenorhabditis elegans'', which they published in 1998. Since the discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential in suppression of desired genes. RNAi is now known as precise, efficient, stable and better than antisense therapy for gene suppression. Antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
