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Vampyrellid
The family Vampyrellidae is a subgroup of the order Aconchulinida (formerly Vampyrellida) within the phylum Cercozoa. Based on molecular sequence data, the family currently comprises the genus ''Vampyrella'', and maybe several other vampyrellid amoebae (e.g. ''Gobiella''). The cells are naked and characterised by radiating, filose pseudopodia (also referred to as filopodia) and an orange colouration of the main cell body. In former times the family Vampyrellidae contained several genera (e.g. ''Vampyrella'', ''Gobiella'', ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'', ''Theratromyxa'') and was identical with the order Vampyrellida West, 1901, also known under the name "Aconchulinida". However, based on molecular sequence data it seemed reasonable to restrict the family Vampyrellidae to a subgroup (containing the genus ''Vampyrella'') and to establish another family for the genera ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'' and ''Theratromyxa'', namely the Leptophryidae Hess et al., 2012. Characteristics Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyreta
The family Vampyrellidae is a subgroup of the order Aconchulinida (formerly Vampyrellida) within the phylum Cercozoa. Based on molecular sequence data, the family currently comprises the genus ''Vampyrella'', and maybe several other vampyrellid amoebae (e.g. ''Gobiella''). The cells are naked and characterised by radiating, filose Pseudopodia, pseudopodia (also referred to as filopodia) and an orange colouration of the main cell body. In former times the family Vampyrellidae contained several genera (e.g. ''Vampyrella'', ''Gobiella'', ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'', ''Theratromyxa'') and was identical with the order Vampyrellida West, 1901, also known under the name "Aconchulinida". However, based on molecular sequence data it seemed reasonable to restrict the family Vampyrellidae to a subgroup (containing the genus ''Vampyrella'') and to establish another family for the genera ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'' and ''Theratromyxa'', namely the Leptophryidae Hess et al., 2012. Charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vampyrellium
The family Vampyrellidae is a subgroup of the order Aconchulinida (formerly Vampyrellida) within the phylum Cercozoa. Based on molecular sequence data, the family currently comprises the genus '' Vampyrella'', and maybe several other vampyrellid amoebae (e.g. ''Gobiella''). The cells are naked and characterised by radiating, filose pseudopodia (also referred to as filopodia) and an orange colouration of the main cell body. In former times the family Vampyrellidae contained several genera (e.g. ''Vampyrella'', ''Gobiella'', ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'', ''Theratromyxa'') and was identical with the order Vampyrellida West, 1901, also known under the name "Aconchulinida". However, based on molecular sequence data it seemed reasonable to restrict the family Vampyrellidae to a subgroup (containing the genus ''Vampyrella'') and to establish another family for the genera ''Leptophrys'', ''Platyreta'' and ''Theratromyxa'', namely the Leptophryidae Hess et al., 2012. Characteristics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vampyrella
''Vampyrella'' is a genus of amoebae belonging to the vampyrellid cercozoans usually ranging from 30-60 µm. Members of the genus alternate between two life stages: a free-living trophozoite stage and a cyst stage in which mitosis occurs.RÖPSTORF, P., HÜLSMANN, N., & HAUSMANN, K. (1994). Comparative fine structural investigations of interphase and mitotic nuclei of vampyrellid filose amoebae. ''The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 41''(1), 18-30. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1994.tb05930.x This taxon has received a great deal of attention due to their peculiar feeding behaviour of perforating the cell wall of algal cells and drawing out the contents for nourishment. History Vampire amoebae were first discovered in 1865 by Leon Cienkowski. These amoebae were given the genus name ''Vampyrella'' due to their bright red colouration and their distinct feeding habits in which they perforate the cell wall of their host and draw out the inner contents of the cell, resembling tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vampyrella Lateritia
''Vampyrella lateritia'' is a freshwater species of predatory amoebae that feeds on species of algae and is known for its specialized feeding strategy of removing, digesting, and ingesting the cellular contents of its prey. It is the type species of the genus ''Vampyrella'' and has been identified in numerous locations around the world including Brazil, Germany, and the eastern United States. Along with ''Vampyrella pendula'', its genome was sequenced in 2012. Life cycle ''Vampyrella lateritia'' has four life stages that revolve about the feeding cycle: motile trophozoites (the activated, feeding stage), plasmodia in which the cytoplasm contains many nuclei, digestive cysts, and resting cysts. It has been observed feeding on species from the genera '' Zygnema'', ''Spirogyra'', and '' Mougeotia'' and is considered a specialist predator as its known prey is restricted to a limited number of green algal species. Like other vampyrellids, ''Vampyrella lateritia'' grows well bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercozoa
Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major eukaryotic group to be recognized mainly through molecular phylogenies. They are the natural predators of many species of microbacteria and Archea. They are closely related to the phylum Retaria, comprising amoeboids that usually have complex shells, and together form a supergroup called Rhizaria. Characteristics The group includes most amoeboids and flagellates that feed by means of filose pseudopods. These may be restricted to part of the cell surface, but there is never a true cytostome or mouth as found in many other protozoa. They show a variety of forms and have proven difficult to define in terms of structural characteristics, although their unity is strongly supported by phylogenetic studies. Diversity Some cercozoans are grouped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aconchulinida
Aconchulinida is an order of Cercozoa in the subclass Filosia. The outer zone is clear ectoplasm and has many vacuoles. It has a single nucleus. Its size range from 10 to 400 micrometers. It contains few genera, possibly including only ''Penardia'', but usually also considered to encompass all of the Vampyrellidae. References {{Cercozoa-stub Cercozoa orders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleariid
Nucleariida is a group of amoebae with filose pseudopods, known mostly from soils and freshwater. They are distinguished from the superficially similar vampyrellids mainly by having mitochondria with discoid cristae, in the absence of superficial granules, and in the way they consume food. Classification Molecular studies indicate that nucleariids are closely related to fungi. and more distantly to the lineage that gave rise to choanoflagellates and metazoa opisthokonts, the group which includes animals, fungi. Some use a broad definition of Opisthokonta to include all of these organisms with flattened mitochondrial cristae. The genera ''Rabdiophrys'', ''Pinaciophora'', and ''Pompholyxophrys'', freshwater forms with hollow siliceous scales or spines, were included in Nucleariida by some. This was disputed by Smith and Chao who placed them in the Rhizaria. Their affinity with the nucleariids has been confirmed. Historically, nucleariids were included among the heliozoa as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arachnula
''Arachnula'' is a genus of amoeboid eukaryotes first described by Leon Cienkowski in 1876. Its phylogenetic position is a subject of some controversy. David Bass and colleagues considered it to be a vampyrellid within the Endomyxa clade of Rhizaria, and the SSU rDNA sequence isolated from an organism described as ''Arachnula impatiens'' is indeed very close to that of the vampyrellid '' Theratromyxa''. The identification of this organism as ''Arachnula'' has, however, been questioned; and a separate amoeba identified as ''Arachnula'' by Yonas Isaak Tekle and colleagues groups in molecular phylogenies close to the amoebozoans ''Filamoeba'' and ''Flamella An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; plural ''am(o)ebas'' or ''am(o)ebae'' ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopo ...''. Which of these isolates corresponds to that originally described by Cienk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudopodia
A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate filaments. Pseudopods are used for motility and ingestion. They are often found in amoebas. Different types of pseudopodia can be classified by their distinct appearances. Lamellipodia are broad and thin. Filopodia are slender, thread-like, and are supported largely by microfilaments. Lobopodia are bulbous and amoebic. Reticulopodia are complex structures bearing individual pseudopodia which form irregular nets. Axopodia are the phagocytosis type with long, thin pseudopods supported by complex microtubule arrays enveloped with cytoplasm; they respond rapidly to physical contact. Some pseudopodial cells are able to use multiple types of pseudopodia depending on the situation: Most of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyalodiscus
''Hyalodiscus'' is an extant genus of diatom known also from the fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ... record. References Diatom genera Prehistoric SAR supergroup genera Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg {{paleo-biota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitism
Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), Disease vector, vector-transmitted paras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
