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Tsintaosaurin
Tsintaosaurini is a tribe of basal lambeosaurine hadrosaurs native to Eurasia. It is thought to contains the genera ''Tsintaosaurus'' (from China), ''Pararhabdodon'' (from Spain) and ''Koutalisaurus'' (also from Spain), though some studies have questioned its existence as a natural grouping. Classification Tsintaosaurini is part of the family Hadrosauridae, specifically the subfamily Lambeosaurinae. The existence of a tsintaosaur clade of lambeosaurines was first recognized by palaeontologists Albert Prieto-Márquez and Johnathan R. Wagner, who in 2009 published a paper recognizing a phylogenetic relationship between ''Tsintaosaurus'' and ''Pararhabdodon'' based both on shared anatomical traits and a phylogenetic analysis. A 2013 study by Prieto-Márquez corroborated the existence of this grouping, and coined the tribe Tsintaosaurini to refer to it. The type genus is ''Tsintaosaurus'', and it was defined as the smallest clade containing ''Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus'' and ''Pararh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pararhabdodon
''Pararhabdodon'' (meaning "near fluted tooth" in reference to ''Rhabdodon'') is a genus of tsintaosaurin hadrosaurid dinosaur, from the Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Tremp Group of Spain. The first remains were discovered from the Sant Romà d’Abella fossil locality and assigned to the genus ''Rhabdodon'', and later named as the distinct species ''Pararhabdodon isonensis'' in 1993. Known material includes assorted postcranial remains, mostly vertebrae, as well as from the skull. Specimens from other sites, including remains from France, a maxilla previously considered the distinct taxon ''Koutalisaurus kohlerorum'', an additional maxilla from another locality, the material assigned to the genera ''Blasisaurus'' and ''Arenysaurus'', and the extensive Basturs Poble bonebed have been considered at different times to belong to the species, but all of these assignments have more recently been questioned. It was one of the last non-avian dinosaurs known from the fossil record th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adynomosaurus
''Adynomosaurus'' is a genus of lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of what is now Catalonia, Spain. First discovered in 2012, it was named in 2019 with the type and only species ''Adynomosaurus arcanus'', as an addition to the very incomplete fossil record of hadrosaurides dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Europe. It is only known from scant material, but is distinguished from other hadrosaurs by its weakly developed shoulder blade which would have had underdeveloped musculature, which lends it its scientific name, partially from the Greek word for "weak". Its exact relationships with other hadrosaurs remain unresolved, with it not consistently being recovered as a relative of any other specific genera, though some studies have allied it with Tsintaosaurini or even found it outside of Hadrosauridae. It would have lived as part of a diverse coastal estuaryweak ecosystem, made up of meandering rivers and mud flats, and fits into a picture of major ecological turnove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauridae
Hadrosaurids (), or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is known as the duck-billed dinosaurs for the flat duck-bill appearance of the bones in their snouts. The ornithopod family, which includes genera such as ''Edmontosaurus'' and ''Parasaurolophus'', was a common group of herbivores during the Late Cretaceous Period. Hadrosaurids are descendants of the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had a similar body layout. Hadrosaurs were among the most dominant herbivores during the Late Cretaceous in Asia and North America, and during the close of the Cretaceous several lineages dispersed into Europe, Africa, South America and Antarctica. Like other ornithischians, hadrosaurids had a predentary bone and a pubic bone which was positioned backwards in the pelvis. Unlike more primitive iguanodonts, the teeth of hadrosaurids are stacked into complex structures known as dental batteries, which acted as effective g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euhadrosauria
Hadrosaurids (), or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is known as the duck-billed dinosaurs for the flat duck-bill appearance of the bones in their snouts. The ornithopod family, which includes genera such as ''Edmontosaurus'' and ''Parasaurolophus'', was a common group of herbivores during the Late Cretaceous Period. Hadrosaurids are descendants of the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous iguanodontian dinosaurs and had a similar body layout. Hadrosaurs were among the most dominant herbivores during the Late Cretaceous in Asia and North America, and during the close of the Cretaceous several lineages dispersed into Europe, Africa, South America and Antarctica. Like other ornithischians, hadrosaurids had a predentary bone and a pubic bone which was positioned backwards in the pelvis. Unlike more primitive iguanodonts, the teeth of hadrosaurids are stacked into complex structures known as dental batteries, which acted as effective g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylocode
The ''International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'', known as the ''PhyloCode'' for short, is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, leaving the governance of species names up to the rank-based nomenclature codes ('' ICN'', ''ICNCP'', '' ICNP'', '' ICZN'', '' ICVCN''). The ''PhyloCode'' is associated with the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature (ISPN). The companion volume, ''Phylonyms'', establishes 300 taxon names under ''PhyloCode'', serving as examples for those unfamiliar with the code. RegNum is an associated online database for registered clade names. The ''PhyloCode'' regulates phylogenetic nomenclature by providing rules for deciding which associations of names and definitions are considered established, which of those will be considered homonyms or synonyms, and which one of a set of synonyms or homonyms will be considered accepted (generally the one regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aralosaurus
''Aralosaurus'' was a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Kazakhstan. It is known only by a posterior half of a skull (devoid of its mandible) and some post-cranial bones found in the Bostobe Formation in rocks dated from the Upper Santonian-Lower Campanian boundary, at about 83.6 Ma (millions of years). Only one species is known, ''Aralosaurus tuberiferus'', described by Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky in 1968. The genus name means Aral Sea lizard, because it was found to the northeast of the Aral Sea. The specific epithet ''tuberiferus'' means bearing a tuber because the posterior part of the nasal bone rises sharply in front of the orbits like an outgrowth. ''Aralosaurus'' was originally reconstituted with a nasal arch similar to that of North American ''Kritosaurus'' (a comparison based on a specimen now placed in the genus ''Gryposaurus''). For many years, ''Aralosaurus'' was thus placed in the clade of the Hadrosaurinae. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saurolophinae
Saurolophinae is a subfamily of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. It has since the mid-20th century generally been called the Hadrosaurinae, a group of largely non-crested hadrosaurs related to the crested sub-family Lambeosaurinae. However, the name Hadrosaurinae is based on the genus ''Hadrosaurus'' which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like ''Edmontosaurus'' and '' Saurolophus''. As a result of this, the name Hadrosaurinae was dropped or restricted to ''Hadrosaurus'' alone, and the subfamily comprising the traditional "hadrosaurines" was renamed the Saurolophinae. Recent phylogenetic work by Hai Xing indicates that ''Hadrosaurus'' is placed within the monophyletic group containing all non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Under this view, the traditional Hadrosaurinae is resurrected, with the Hadrosauridae being divided into two clades: Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae. Saurolophinae was first defined as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamatosaurus
''Yamatosaurus'' (meaning "Yamato reptile") is a genus of basal hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-aged Kita-Ama Formation of Awaji Island, Japan. The genus contains a single species, ''Yamatosaurus izanagii''. Discovery and naming The holotype MNHAH D1-033516, consisting of part of the right lower jaw, twelve teeth, four cervical vertebrae, three cervical ribs, a partial right coracoid and a posterior caudal vertebra, was discovered on Awaji Island in Japan in May 2004 by Shingo Kishimoto. In 2005, the find was reported in the scientific literature.Suzuki, D., Saegusa, H. & Furutani, H. 2005. "Newly found hadrosaur fossil co-producing broadleaf fossils from Sumoto, west central Japan". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 25: 120A Kishimoto in 2013 donated the holotype to Japan's Museum of Nature and Human Activities in the Hyogo Prefecture, where the fossils were prepared by Kazumi Wada, Tomomi Ikeda and Chisato Ota to be described in 2021. The species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquilarhinus
''Aquilarhinus'' (meaning "eagle snout" after the unusual beak morphology) is a genus of hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur from the Aguja Formation from Texas in the United States. The type and only species is ''Aquilarhinus palimentus''. Due to its unusual dentary, it has been inferred to have had shovel-like beak morphology, different from the beaks of other hadrosaurs. It was originally classified as a ''Kritosaurus sp.'' before being reclassified as a new genus in 2019. Discovery The holotype fossil (TMM 42452-1) of Aquilarhinus was discovered in the Lower Shale of the Aguja Formation in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Most parts of the specimen were collected in 1983, but additional elements were collected during continued excavations in 1999. The specimen was first described in 2001 as a new species of ''Kritosaurus'', because aside from its rostrum it was morphologically very similar to ''Kritosaurus notabilis''. The differences in the rostrum were interpreted as being a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eotrachodon
''Eotrachodon orientalis'' (meaning "dawn ''Trachodon'' from the east") is a species of hadrosaurid that was described in 2016. The holotype was found in the Mooreville Chalk Formation (Upper Santonian) in Alabama in 2007 and includes a well-preserved skull and partial skeleton, making it a rare find among dinosaurs of Appalachia. Another primitive hadrosaur, ''Lophorhothon'', is also known from the same formation, although ''Eotrachodon'' lived a few million years prior. A phylogenetic study has found ''Eotrachodon'' to be the sister taxon to the hadrosaurid subfamilies Lambeosaurinae and Saurolophinae. This, along with the other Appalachian hadrosaur ''Hadrosaurus'' and possibly ''Lophorhothon'', ''Claosaurus'' and both species of ''Hypsibema'', suggests that Appalachia was the ancestral area of Hadrosauridae. See also * Timeline of hadrosaur research *2016 in paleontology Flora Plants Fungi Cnidarians Research * '' Yunnanoascus haikouensis'', previously thought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanyangosaurus
''Nanyangosaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur belonging to Hadrosauroidea that lived in the Late Cretaceous of present-day Henan Province, China. In 1994 the remains of ''Nanyangosaurus'' were found near the village of Houzhuang, in Neixiang county in Henan. The type species, ''Nanyangosaurus zhugeii'', was described by Xu Xing, Zhao Xijin, Lü Junchang, Huang Wanbo, Li Zhanyang and Dong Zhiming in 2000. The generic name is derived from the city of Nanyang. The specific name honours one of the most famous historic inhabitants of that city, the legendary strategist Zhuge Liang. The specimen, holotype IVPP V 11821, was excavated in the Xiaguan Formation dating to the Turonian-Campanian stages. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. Eight posterior dorsal vertebrae, a sacrum of six vertebrae and a tail of thirty-six vertebrae have been preserved, together with a partial ischium, a forelimb and a hindlimb. The describers considered ''Nanyang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
