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True Limpets
The Patellogastropoda, common name true limpets and historically called the Docoglossa, are members of a major phylogenetic group of marine gastropods, treated by experts either as a clade or as a taxonomic order. The clade Patellogastropoda is deemed monophyletic based on phylogenetic analysis. Taxonomy Patellogastropoda was proposed by David R. Lindberg, 1986, as an order, and was later included in the subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1996. 2005 taxonomy Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 designated Patellogastropoda, true limpets, as a clade, rather than as a taxon, but within included superfamilies and families as listed below. Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †: *Superfamily Patelloidea **Family Patellidae *Superfamily Nacelloidea **Family Nacellidae *Superfamily Lottioidea **Family Lottiidae **Family Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850 ***subfamily Acmaeinae Forbes, 1850 ***subfamily Pectinodontinae Pilsbry, 1891 ***subfamily Rhodopetalinae Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David R
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the third king of the United Kingdom of Israel. In the Books of Samuel, he is described as a young shepherd and harpist who gains fame by slaying Goliath, a champion of the Philistines, in southern Canaan. David becomes a favourite of Saul, the first king of Israel; he also forges a notably close friendship with Jonathan, a son of Saul. However, under the paranoia that David is seeking to usurp the throne, Saul attempts to kill David, forcing the latter to go into hiding and effectively operate as a fugitive for several years. After Saul and Jonathan are both killed in battle against the Philistines, a 30-year-old David is anointed king over all of Israel and Judah. Following his rise to power, David ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neolepetopsidae
Neolepetopsidae is a family (biology), family of small deep sea sea snails or true limpets, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). This family has no subfamilies. Etymology The name of the family Neolepetopsidae is composed of the prefix ''neo'', which means "new", and the word Lepetopsidae, which is the name of an extinct family of true limpets, from which the species within Neolepetopsidae probably evolved. Taxonomy Two Neolepetosidae species ''Eulepetopsis vitrea'' and ''Paralepetopsis floridensis'' were genetically analyzed by Harasewych & McArthur (2000),Harasewych M. G. & McArthur A. G. (2000). "A Molecular Phylogeny of the Patellogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Eogastropoda)". ''Marine Biology'' 137(2): 183-194. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/4613 who confirmed placement of Neolepetopsidae within Acmaeoidea/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acmaea
''Acmaea'' is a genus of sea snails, specifically true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Acmaeidae, one of the families of true limpets.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2014). Acmaea Eschscholtz, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137616 on 2014-10-31 Species According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with accepted names are included within the genus ''Acmaea'' : * ''Acmaea achates'' (Reeve, 1855) * ''Acmaea juanina'' Odhner, 1922 * ''Acmaea mitra'' Rathke, 1833 * ''Acmaea nanshaensis'' Liu, 1991 ;Taxa inquirenda: * ''Acmaea cancellata'' Test, 1945 * ''Acmaea cornea'' Test, 1945 * ''Acmaea fouae'' Test, 1945 * ''Acmaea irregularis'' Test, 1945 * ''Acmaea transparens'' Test, 1945 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Acmaea (Tectura)'' Gray, 1847 : synonym of ''Tectura'' Gray, 1847 (alternate representation) * ''Acmaea (Chiazacmea)'': synony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Register Of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialists on each group of organism. These taxonomists control the quality of the information, which is gathered from the primary scientific literature as well as from some external regional and taxon-specific databases. WoRMS maintains valid names of all marine organisms, but also provides information on synonyms and invalid names. It is an ongoing task to maintain the registry, since new species are constantly being discovered and described by scientists; in addition, the nomenclature and taxonomy of existing species is often corrected or changed as new research is constantly being published. Subsets of WoRMS content are made available, and can have separate badging and their own home/launch pages, as "subregisters", such as the ''World List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Subunit Of Cytochrome C Oxidase
Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CO1'' gene. In other eukaryotes, the gene is called ''COX1'', ''CO1'', or ''COI''. Cytochrome c oxidase I is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Complex IV deficiency, colorectal cancer, sensorineural deafness, and recurrent myoglobinuria. Structure One of 37 mitochondrial genes, the ''MT-CO1'' gene is located from nucleotide pairs 5904 to 7444 on the guanine-rich heavy (H) section of mtDNA. The gene product is a 57 kDa protein composed of 513 amino acids. Function Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1 or MT-CO1) is one of three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3) of respiratory complex IV. Complex IV is the third and final enzyme of the electron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16S Ribosomal RNA
16 S ribosomal RNA (or 16 S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and provides most of the SSU structure. The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA gene and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the people who pioneered the use of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977. Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium. Functions * Like the large (23S) ribosomal RNA, it has a structural role, acting as a scaffold defining the positions of the ribosomal proteins. * The 3-end contains the anti- Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which binds upstream to the AUG start codon on the mRNA. The 3-end of 16S RNA binds to the proteins S1 and S21 which are known to be involved in initiation of protein synthesis * Interacts with 23S, aiding in the binding of the two ribosomal s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12S Ribosomal RNA
Mitochondrially encoded 12S ribosomal RNA (often abbreviated as 12S or 12S rRNA), also known as Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c or Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c is the SSU rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome. In humans, 12S is encoded by the ''MT-RNR1'' gene and is 959 nucleotides long. MT-RNR1 is one of the 37 genes contained in animal mitochondria genomes. Their 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and 13 mRNA genes are very useful in phylogenetic studies, in particular the 12S and 16S rRNAs. The 12S rRNA is the mitochondrial homologue of the prokaryotic 16S and eukaryotic nuclear 18S ribosomal RNAs. Mutations in the MT-RNR1 gene may be associated with hearing loss. Structure The ''MT-RNR1'' gene is located on the p arm of the mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 953 base pairs. Function The ''MT-RNR1'' gene encodes for a protein responsible for regulating insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis. The protein acts as an inhibitor of the folate cycle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoacmaea
''Eoacmaea'' is a genus of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda, the true limpets. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Eoacmaea T. Nakano & Ozawa, 2007. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=456551 on 2020-11-03 ''Eoacmaea'' is the only genus in the family Eoacmaeidae, belonging to the superfamily Lottioidea. Etymology The generic name ''Eoacmaea'' is composed from the ''Eo'' that mean "early" in Greek and '' Acmaea'', that is the genus of gastropod in family Lottiidae. Taxonomy The family Eoacmaeidae was established by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) for the genus ''Eoacmaea''. A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) and superfamilies based on World Register of Marine Species: ''Eoacmaea'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoacmaeidae
''Eoacmaea'' is a genus of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the subclass Patellogastropoda, the true limpets. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Eoacmaea T. Nakano & Ozawa, 2007. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=456551 on 2020-11-03 ''Eoacmaea'' is the only genus in the family Eoacmaeidae, belonging to the superfamily Lottioidea. Etymology The generic name ''Eoacmaea'' is composed from the ''Eo'' that mean "early" in Greek and ''Acmaea'', that is the genus of gastropod in family Lottiidae. Taxonomy The family Eoacmaeidae was established by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) for the genus ''Eoacmaea''. A cladogram based on sequences of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda by Nakano & Ozawa (2007) and superfamilies based on World Register of Marine Species: ''Eoacmaea'' is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectinodontidae
Pectinodontidae is a family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Lottioidea, the true limpets. Lottioidea Taxonomy This family was previously ranked as subfamily Pectinodontinae (also with Acmaeinae and Rhodopetalinae) in the family Acmeaidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Nakano & Ozawa (2007) elevated Pectinodontinae to family level Pectinodontidae based on molecular phylogeny research. A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of Patellogastropoda: Genera Genera in the family Pectinodontidae include: * ''Bathyacmaea'' * ''Bathyacmaea secunda ''Bathyacmaea secunda'' is a species of very small (adults are typically about 6 mm in length), deep-sea limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pectinodontidae. This species inhabits the dark, chemosynthesis-based marine commun ...'' Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993 *'' Pectinodonta'' - the earliest known ''Pectinodonta'' are from La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
