|
Treaty Indian
In Canada, a treaty Indian is an Indian who belongs to a band that is party to one of the eleven Numbered Treaties signed by Canada with various First Nations between 1871 and 1922.http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/dict/pop108.htm It contrasts with Indians whose bands are not party to a treaty (primarily in British Columbia) and with "non-status Indians", that is, people of Indian heritage who are not recognized legally as Indians. See also *Treaty rights In Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States the term treaty rights specifically refers to rights for indigenous peoples enumerated in treaties with settler societies that arose from European colonization. Exactly who is indigenou ... References First Nations Aboriginal title in Canada Numbered Treaties {{NorthAm-native-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching , is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numbered Treaties
The Numbered Treaties (or Post-Confederation Treaties) are a series of eleven treaties signed between the First Nations, one of three groups of Indigenous peoples in Canada, and the reigning monarch of Canada (Victoria, Edward VII or George V) from 1871 to 1921. These agreements were created to allow the Government of Canada to pursue settlement and resource extraction in the affected regions, which include modern-day Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories. These treaties expanded the Dominion of Canada with large tracts of land in exchange for promises made to the indigenous people of the area. These terms were dependent on individual negotiations and so specific terms differed with each treaty. These treaties came in two waves—Numbers 1 through 7 from 1871 to 1877 and Numbers 8 through 11 from 1899 to 1921. In the first wave, the treaties were key in advancing European settlement across the Prairie regions as well as the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-status Indians
In Canada, the term non-status Indian refers to any First Nations person who for whatever reason is not registered with the federal government, or is not registered to a band which signed a treaty with the Crown. For several decades, status Indian women automatically became non-status if they married men who were not status Indians. Prior to 1955, a status Indian could lose their status and become non-status through enfranchisement (voluntarily giving up status, usually for a minimal cash payment), by obtaining a college degree or becoming an ordained minister. The 2013 Federal Court case ''Daniels v. Canada'' established that non-status Indians (and Métis) have the same aboriginal rights as status Indians, in that they are encompassed in the 1867 Constitution Act's language about "Indians". However, the 2014 Federal Court of Appeal decision "Daniels v Canada" overturned that verdict after the government appealed. In 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld the 2013 verdict af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Rights
In Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States the term treaty rights specifically refers to rights for indigenous peoples enumerated in treaties with settler societies that arose from European colonization. Exactly who is indigenous is understood differently across the New World, and not all indigenous groups have signed treaties. Therefore the concept of "treaty rights" operates very different in context. no such treaties exist in Australia, and the discussion of treaty rights there is speculative, based on future agreements that ''may'' be signed. For the other English-speaking settler countries, however, there are well-established legal regimes deciding who is eligible for what legal protections based on treaties. Treaty rights of one kind or another apply to most Alaska Natives and Native Americans in the United States and many but not all First Nations in Canada. The concept of treaty rights also applies to a smaller number of Inuit and Metis in Canada, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Nations
First Nations or first peoples may refer to: * Indigenous peoples, for ethnic groups who are the earliest known inhabitants of an area. Indigenous groups *First Nations is commonly used to describe some Indigenous groups including: **First Nations in Canada a term used to identify Indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit or Métis **Indigenous Australians, or "Australian First Nations" are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation Lists * List of Indigenous peoples *Lists of First Nations (Canada) *List of First Nations band governments (Canada) *List of First Nations peoples (Canada) *List of First Nations peoples (Australia) * List of federally recognized tribes in the United States See also * *Aborigine (other) *American Indians (other) * Indian (other) Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Title In Canada
In Canada, aboriginal title is considered a ''sui generis'' interest in land. Aboriginal title has been described this way in order to distinguish it from other proprietary interests, but also due to the fact its characteristics cannot be explained by reference either to only the common law rules of real property, or to only the rules of property found in Indigenous legal systems. The Supreme Court of Canada has characterised the idea that aboriginal title is ''sui generis'' as the unifying principle underlying the various dimensions of that title. Aboriginal title is properly construed as neither a real right nor a personal right, despite the fact that it appears to share characteristics of both real and personal rights. Aboriginal title refers to the concept of a ''sui generis'' right in land that originates from the exclusive occupation and use of a specific territory by an aboriginal group over which the group has a native historic attachment. Source of aboriginal title In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
