|
Thescelosauridae
Thescelosauridae is a clade of neornithischians from the Cretaceous of Asia, North America and possibly South America. The group was originally used as a name by Charles M. Sternberg in 1937, but was not formally defined until 2013, where it was used by Brown and colleagues as the group uniting ''Thescelosaurus'' and ''Orodromeus'', based on their phylogenetic results. During a phylogenetic revision of neornithischians by Clint Boyd in 2015, the authorship of Thescelosauridae was given to Brown and colleagues, which meant that the similar name Parksosauridae, informally defined in 2002 by Buchholz, would have had priority over Thescelosauridae. The two clades had slightly different definitions, with Parksosauridae referring to all animals closer to ''Parksosaurus'' than ''Hypsilophodon'', but they contained the same taxa so Boyd used Parksosauridae under the assumption it had priority. However, in formalizing the clade following the regulations of the PhyloCode, Madzia, Boyd, and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thescelosaurus
''Thescelosaurus'' ( ; ancient Greek - (''-'') meaning "godlike", "marvellous", or "wondrous" and (') "lizard") was a genus of small neornithischian dinosaur that appeared at the very end of the Late Cretaceous period in North America. It was a member of the last dinosaurian fauna before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event around 66 million years ago. The preservation and completeness of many of its specimens indicate that it may have preferred to live near streams. This bipedal neornithischian is known from several partial skeletons and skulls that indicate it grew to between 2.5 and 4.0 meters (8.2 to 13.1 ft) in length on average. It had sturdy hind limbs, small wide hands, and a head with an elongate pointed snout. The form of the teeth and jaws suggest a primarily herbivorous animal. This genus of dinosaur is regarded as a specialized neornithischian, traditionally described as a hypsilophodont, but more recently recognized as distinct from ''Hypsilop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thescelosaurus Neglectus
''Thescelosaurus'' ( ; ancient Greek - (''-'') meaning "godlike", "marvellous", or "wondrous" and (') "lizard") was a genus of small neornithischian dinosaur that appeared at the very end of the Late Cretaceous period in North America. It was a member of the last dinosaurian fauna before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event around 66 million years ago. The preservation and completeness of many of its specimens indicate that it may have preferred to live near streams. This bipedal neornithischian is known from several partial skeletons and skulls that indicate it grew to between 2.5 and 4.0 meters (8.2 to 13.1 ft) in length on average. It had sturdy hind limbs, small wide hands, and a head with an elongate pointed snout. The form of the teeth and jaws suggest a primarily herbivorous animal. This genus of dinosaur is regarded as a specialized neornithischian, traditionally described as a hypsilophodont, but more recently recognized as distinct from ''Hypsilop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orodrominae
Orodrominae is a subfamily of thescelosaurid dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Distribution Orodromines were a mostly North American based group with fossils from Canada and United States only. ''Albertadromeus'', as its name suggests, is only from the upper (later) part of the Oldman Formation in the Belly River Group of Alberta, Canada. ''Orodromeus'', the type genus, was widespread through Montana. Its holotype was found at the Egg Mountain in the Two Medicine Formation. ''Oryctodromeus'' fossils were found in the Lima Peaks section of the Blackleaf Formation, also from Montana. ''Zephyrosaurus'', the most widespread genus, lived in southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The locality of its holotype is the Wolf Creek Canyon, which is a sandstone in the Cloverly Formation. Age Orodromines are widespread throughout time, starting in the Aptian and ending in the Campanian. The earliest fossils are of ''Zephyrosaurus'' and are from the Aptian (113 Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thescelosaurinae
Thescelosaurinae is a subfamily of thescelosaurid dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of Asia and the Late Cretaceous of North America. Distribution The distribution of Thescelosaurinae is quite large. They are widespread through United States and Canada where most of their fossils have been found. They also have a small group in North-Eastern China and Mongolia. Genera Studies disagree about which genera are included in the Thescelosaurinae. The group is defined to include ''Parksosaurus'' and ''Thescelosaurus'' and a cladistic analysis by C.M. Brown in 2013 concluded that the genera '' Changchunsaurus'', '' Haya'', '' Jeholosaurus'' and possibly ''Koreanosaurus'' are also thescelosaurines. Classification All thescelosaurines were originally included in the family Hypsilophodontidae, which is presently considered polyphyletic (unnatural). They are all now considered to be basal neornithischians, though more research is needed to be certain. They are the sister taxa to Oro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neornithischia
Neornithischia ("new ornithischians") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria. Neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the inside of their lower teeth. The teeth wore unevenly with chewing and developed sharp ridges that allowed neornithischians to break down tougher plant food than other dinosaurs. Neornithischians include a variety of basal forms historically known as "hypsilophodonts", including the Parksosauridae; in addition, there are derived forms classified in the groups Marginocephalia and Ornithopoda. The former includes clades Pachycephalosauria and Ceratopsia, while the latter typically includes ''Hypsilophodon'' and the more derived Iguanodontia. Classification Neornithischia was first named by Cooper in 1985 and defined as "all genasaurians more closely related to ''Parasaurolophus walkeri'' than to ''Ankylosaurus magniventris'' or ''Stegosaurus stenop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neornithischia
Neornithischia ("new ornithischians") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria. Neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the inside of their lower teeth. The teeth wore unevenly with chewing and developed sharp ridges that allowed neornithischians to break down tougher plant food than other dinosaurs. Neornithischians include a variety of basal forms historically known as "hypsilophodonts", including the Parksosauridae; in addition, there are derived forms classified in the groups Marginocephalia and Ornithopoda. The former includes clades Pachycephalosauria and Ceratopsia, while the latter typically includes ''Hypsilophodon'' and the more derived Iguanodontia. Classification Neornithischia was first named by Cooper in 1985 and defined as "all genasaurians more closely related to ''Parasaurolophus walkeri'' than to ''Ankylosaurus magniventris'' or ''Stegosaurus stenop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parksosaurus
''Parksosaurus'' (meaning " William Parks's lizard") is a genus of neornithischian dinosaur from the early Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. It is based on most of a partially articulated skeleton and partial skull, showing it to have been a small, bipedal, herbivorous dinosaur. It is one of the few described non-hadrosaurid ornithopods from the end of the Cretaceous in North America, existing around 70 million years ago. Description Explicit estimates of the entire size of the animal are rare; in 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the length at 2.5 meters, the weight at forty-five kilograms.Paul, G.S., 2010, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press p. 277 William Parks found the hindlimb of his ''T. warreni'' to be about the same length overall as that of ''Thescelosaurus neglectus'' (93.0 centimeters (3.05 ft) for ''T. warreni'' versus 95.5 centimeters (3.13 ft) for ''T. neglect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orodromeus
''Orodromeus'' (meaning "Mountain Runner") is a genus of herbivorous orodromine thescelosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Only one species is known, the type species ''Orodromeus makelai''. Discovery and naming The remains of ''Orodromeus'' were discovered by Robert Makela during the excavation in Teton County, Montana, of the ''Egg Mountain'' brooding colony of a much larger relative, ''Maiasaura''. The type species, ''Orodromeus makelai'', was named and shortly described by Jack Horner and David B. Weishampel in 1988. The generic name is derived from Greek ὄρος, ''oros'', "mountain", in reference to the Egg Mountain site, and δρομεύς, ''dromeus'', "runner", referring to the cursorial habits of the animal. The specific name honoured the late Makela.Horner, J. and Weishampel, D., 1988, "A comparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs", ''Nature'' (London), 332(No. 6161): 256-257 (1988) The holotype specimen, MOR 294, wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodon Bernissartensis
''Iguanodon'' ( ; meaning 'iguana-tooth'), named in 1825, is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur. While many species have been classified in the genus ''Iguanodon'', dating from the late Jurassic Period to the early Cretaceous Period of Asia, Europe, and North America, taxonomic revision in the early 21st century has defined ''Iguanodon'' to be based on one well-substantiated species: ''I. bernissartensis'', which lived from the late Barremian to the earliest Aptian ages (Early Cretaceous) in Belgium, Germany, England, Spain, and possibly elsewhere in Europe, between about 126 and 122 million years ago. ''Iguanodon'' was a large, bulky herbivore, measuring up to in length and in body mass. Distinctive features include large thumb spikes, which were possibly used for defense against predators, combined with long prehensile fifth fingers able to forage for food. The genus was named in 1825 by English geologist Gideon Mantell but discovered by William Harding Bensted, based o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypsilophodon Foxii
''Hypsilophodon'' (; meaning "''Hypsilophus''-tooth") is a neornithischian dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous period of England. It has traditionally been considered an early member of the group Ornithopoda, but recent research has put this into question. The first remains of ''Hypsilophodon'' were found in 1849; the type species, ''Hypsilophodon foxii'', was named in 1869. Abundant fossil discoveries were made on the Isle of Wight, giving a good impression of the build of the species. It was a small, agile bipedal animal with an herbivorous or possibly omnivorous diet, measuring long and weighing . It had a pointed head equipped with a sharp beak used to bite off plant material, much like modern day parrots. Older studies have given rise to a number of misconceptions about ''Hypsilophodon'' that it was an armored, arboreal animal and that it could be found in areas outside of Wight. During the past decades, new researches have gradually shown this to be incorrect. Discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous ( geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Proposals for the exact age of the Barremian-Aptian boundary ranged from 126 to 117 Ma until recently (as of 2019), but based on drillholes in Svalbard the defining early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a) was carbon isotope dated to 123.1±0.3 Ma, limiting the possible range for the boundary to c. 122–121 Ma. There is a possible link between this anoxic event and a series of Early Cretaceous large igneous provinces (LIP). The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi large igneous province, emplaced in the South Pacific at c. 120 Ma, is by far the largest LIP in Earth's history. The Ontong Java Plateau today covers an area of 1,860,000 km2. In the Indian Ocean another LIP began to form at c. 120 Ma, the Kerguelen P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
