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The White Rose
The White Rose (german: Weiße Rose, ) was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor) at the University of Munich: Willi Graf, Kurt Huber, Christoph Probst, Alexander Schmorell, Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign that called for active opposition to the Nazi regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 June 1942; they ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February 1943. They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court (); many of them were sentenced to death or imprisonment. Hans and Sophie Scholl, as well as Christoph Probst were executed by guillotine four days after their arrest, on 22 February 1943. During the trial, Sophie interrupted the judge multiple times. No defendants were given any opportunity to speak. The gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by population, third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state, as well as the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 11th-largest city in the European Union. The Munich Metropolitan Region, city's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people. Straddling the banks of the River Isar (a tributary of the Danube) north of the Northern Limestone Alps, Bavarian Alps, Munich is the seat of the Bavarian Regierungsbezirk, administrative region of Upper Bavaria, while being the population density, most densely populated municipality in Germany (4,500 people per km2). Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialects, Bavarian dialect area, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Orchestra (espionage)
The Red Orchestra (german: Die Rote Kapelle, ), as it was known in Germany, was the name given by the Abwehr Section III.F to German resistance to Nazism, anti-Nazi resistance workers in August 1941. It primarily referred to a loose network of resistance groups, connected through personal contacts, uniting hundreds of opponents of the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime. These included groups of friends who held discussions that were centred on Harro Schulze-Boysen, Adam Kuckhoff and Arvid Harnack in Berlin, alongside many others. They printed and distributed prohibited leaflets, posters, and stickers, hoping to incite civil disobedience. They aided Jews and resistance to escape the regime, documented the atrocities of the Nazis, and transmitted military intelligence to the Allies. Contrary to legend, the Red Orchestra was neither directed by Soviet Union, Soviet communists nor under a single leadership. It was a network of groups and individuals, often operating independently. To date, ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gisela Schertling
Gisela is the name of: People Full name * Gisela, Abbess of Chelles (757–810), daughter of Pepin the Short, sister of Charlemagne ** Gisela, daughter of Charlemagne (781–808) * Gisela, daughter of Louis the Pious (born 821), consort of Eberhard of Friuli * Gisela of France, also Gisella or Giséle (fl. 911), traditionally, a daughter to the king of France, Charles the Simple and a consort of Rollo * Gisela of Burgundy (c. 975 – 21 July 1006), daughter of Conrad, king of Burgundy ** Gisela of Hungary (c. 985 - 7 May 1065), her daughter * Gisela of Swabia (989 or 990 – 14 February 1043), Holy Roman Empress, wife of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor * Archduchess Gisela of Austria (12 July 1856 – 27 July 1932), daughter to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Elisabeth of Bavaria, named after Giselle of Bavaria * Gisela (singer) (born January 1, 1979), a Spanish singer Given name * Gisela (name) Other * Gisela, Arizona, a US census-designated place * Gisela (magazine) {{disam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Conrad Leipelt
Hans Conrad Leipelt (18 July 1921 – 29 January 1945) was an Austrian member of the White Rose German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany. Background Leipelt was born in Vienna. His father, Konrad Leipelt, was a graduate in civil engineering, while his mother Katharina was a chemist from a Christianity, Christian family with Jewish roots. In 1925, Hans father accepted the post of factory director of Tin Works in Wilhelmsburg, leading the family's migration to Hamburg. Due to the Jewish origins of Katharina Leipelt, the family suffered the repressions of the Nuremberg race laws from 1935. Leipelt graduated high school with his ''Abitur'' in 1938, and then reported to the ''Reichsarbeitsdienst'' and the Wehrmacht. During the western campaign, he met Karl Ludwig Schneider, with whom he soon developed a strong friendship. In June 1940, he was decorated with the Iron Cross second class and the Tank Destruction Badge during the Battle of France, French campaign. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie-Luise Jahn
Marie-Luise Jahn (28 May 1918 – 22 June 2010) was a German physician and a member of the anti-Nazi resistance movement White Rose during World War II. Biography Jahn was born in Sandlack, East Prussia (today Sędławki, Poland), where she grew up. From 1934 to 1937, she attended school in Berlin and began her studies in chemistry at the University of Munich in 1940. There Jahn became a close friend of Hans Conrad Leipelt and a member of the White Rose resistance group. After Hans and Sophie Scholl and Christoph Probst had been imprisoned she continued to publish the Scholl leaflets and collected money to aid the widow of Kurt Huber. In October 1943, she was also arrested by the Gestapo for treason and sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment by the Volksgerichtshof in 1944. She served 1.5 years of that sentence before the war ended. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falk Harnack
Falk Harnack (2 March 1913 – 3 September 1991) was a German director and screenwriter. During Germany's Nazi era, he was also active with the German Resistance and toward the end of World War II, the partisans in Greece. Harnack was from a family of scholars, artists and scientists, several of whom were active in the anti-Nazi Resistance and paid with their lives. Early years Falk Erich Walter Harnack was the younger son of painter Clara Harnack (née Reichau) and literary historian Otto Harnack; a nephew of theologian Adolf von Harnack and Erich Harnack, professor of pharmacology and chemistry; the grandson of theologian Theodosius Harnack and the younger brother of jurist and German Resistance fighter Arvid Harnack. He was also a cousin of theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Ernst von Harnack, who, like his brother and sister-in-law, Mildred Harnack, also became victims of the Third Reich. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilo Ramdohr
Lieselotte ″Lilo″ Fürst-Ramdohr (11 October 1913 – 13 May 2013) was a member of the Munich branch of the student resistance group White Rose (''Weiße Rose'') in Nazi Germany. She was born in Aschersleben. Early life Ramdohr was a descendant of a merchant family from Aschersleben. After half a year in England and one year at the boarding school of Fritz Weiß in Weimar where her long year friendship with Falk Harnack began, she moved to Munich in 1934 to become a stage designer. From March 1935 to February 1936, she learned book illustration at the Württembergische Kunstgewerbeschule in Stuttgart. In 1936, she moved to Dresden to attend dance school until the Nazis closed it. Ramdohr switched to a state-run school in Stuttgart, and later ran a private school in Heilbronn. She eventually married Otto Berndl, son of a Bavarian architect. Her religious preference was Lutheran. The White Rose In the autumn of 1941, she befriended Alexander Schmorell, Christoph Probst and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katharina Schüddekopf
Katharina is a feminine given name. It is a German form of Katherine. It may refer to: In television and film: *Katharina Bellowitsch, Austrian radio and TV presenter *Katharina Mückstein, Austrian film director *Katharina Thalbach, German actress and film director *Katherine Pierce, a character in ''The Vampire Diaries'' originally named Katharina Petrova. In artistry: *Katharina Fröhlich, lover of Franz Grillparzer *Katharina Rapp, German artist In other fields: *Katharina Baunach, German footballer *Katharina Dalton, British physician and pioneer in the research of premenstrual stress syndrome. *Katharina Klafsky, Hungarian operatic singer *Katharina von Bora, German Catholic nun who was an early convert to Protestantism. *Katharina von Zimmern (1478-1547), last abbess of the Fraumünster Abbey See also *320 Katharina, small Main belt asteroid *''Katharina'', a genus of chiton mollusc in the family Mopaliidae *The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum, 1974 novel by Heinrich Böll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traute Lafrenz
Traute Page (''née'' Lafrenz; born May 3, 1919) is a German-American physician and anthroposophist, who was a member of the White Rose anti-Nazi group during World War II. Early life Lafrenz was born in Hamburg. Together with Heinz Kucharski, Lafrenz studied under Erna Stahl at the ''Lichtwark-Gymnasium'', a liberal arts school in Hamburg. When coeducation was abolished in 1937, Lafrenz moved to a convent school, where she and classmate Margaretha Rothe graduated in Easter 1938. Together with Rothe, Lafrenz began to study medicine at the University of Hamburg in the summer semester of 1939. After the semester she worked in Pomerania, where she met Alexander Schmorell who had begun studying in the summer of 1939 at the Hamburg University's Medical School but continued his studies from 1939/40 in Munich. Involvement in the White Rose In May 1941, Lafrenz moved to Munich to study there, where she got to know Hans Scholl and Christoph Probst. In her opposition to the Nazi regime, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anneliese Knoop-Graf
Anneliese Knoop-Graf (January 30 1921 – August 27 2009) was the youngest sister of Willi Graf, who was one of the main members of the White Rose The White Rose (german: Weiße Rose, ) was a Nonviolence, non-violent, intellectual German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, ... resistance group. In his last letter to her he tasked her to “keep a good memory of me.” ''(“Behaltet mich in guter Errinerung”)'' After his death Anneliese worked tirelessly to keep Willi’s story (and the stories of the other White Rose members) alive. White Rose On February 18, 1943, Willi and Anneliese Graf were captured by the Gestapo. Both were accused of being members of the White Rose. Willi was a core member, but he had never told Anneliese about the activities of the White Rose. Anneliese was released about four months after her arrest, while Willi was sentenced to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Haecker
Theodor Haecker (June 4, 1879 in Eberbach, Grand Duchy of Baden - April 9, 1945 in Ustersbach) was a German writer, translator and cultural critic. Life He was a translator into German of Kierkegaard and Cardinal Newman. He wrote an essay, ''Kierkegaard and the Philosophy of Inwardness'' in 1913 at a time when few had heard of Haecker and even fewer had heard of Kierkegaard. After that he translated Newman's ''Grammar of Assent'' and became a Roman Catholic convert in April 1921. He is known for his consistent opposition to the Nazi regime and his connections with the German resistance, such as the White Rose. From 1935 he was not allowed to speak in public and from 1938 he was forbidden to publish books. It was during this time that he wrote his most important work, the journal titled collectively as ''Journal in the Night''. They are the documents of an intellectual's inner resistance against National Socialism. Haecker's achievement can be considered an important foundatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otl Aicher
Otto "Otl" Aicher (; 13 May 1922 – 1 September 1991) was a German graphic designer and typographer. Aicher co-founded and taught at the influential Ulm School of Design. He is known for having led the design team of the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, and for overseeing the creation of its prominently used system of pictograms. Aicher also developed the Rotis typeface. Early life and career Aicher was born in Ulm, in the south-western state of Baden-Württemberg, on 13 May 1922. Aicher was a classmate and friend of Werner Scholl, and through him met Werner's family, including his siblings Hans and Sophie Scholl, both of whom would be executed in 1943 for their membership in the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. Like the Scholls, Aicher was strongly opposed to the Nazi movement. He was arrested in 1937 for refusing to join the Hitler Youth, and consequently he was failed on his abitur (college entrance) examination in 1941. He was subsequently drafted into the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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