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The Holocaust In Belomorie
In March 1943, about 4,075 Jews living in Bulgarian-occupied eastern Greek Macedonia Macedonia (; el, Μακεδονία, Makedonía ) is a geographic and former administrative region of Greece, in the southern Balkans. Macedonia is the largest and Greek geographic region, with a population of 2.36 million in 2020. It is ... and Western Thrace (annexed as the Bulgarian province of Belomorie) were deported to Treblinka extermination camp and murdered. In an operation coordinated by Bulgaria and Germany, almost all Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Greece were rounded up on the early morning of 4 March 1943, held in camps in Bulgaria, and reached Treblinka by the end of the month. The death rate of 97 percent of the Jews living in the area in 1943 was one of the highest in Europe. Background The ancient Greek-speaking Romaniotes, Romaniote Jewish communities of Thrace and Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia were almost erased by their forced resettlement in Constantinople in 1455 by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Memorial Drama
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah. Jewish ethnicity, nationhood, and religion are strongly interrelated, "Historically, the religious and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity have been closely interwoven. In fact, so closely bound are they, that the traditional Jewish lexicon hardly distinguishes between the two concepts. Jewish religious practice, by definition, was observed exclusively by the Jewish people, and notions of Jewish peoplehood, nation, and community were suffused with faith in the Jewish God, the practice of Jewish (religious) la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leva , a town in Slovakia
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Leva may refer to: * Bulgarian lev, Bulgarian currency * ''Leva'' (grasshopper), a genus of insects * Levice Levice (; hu, Léva, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Lewenz, literally lionesses) is a town in western Slovakia. The town lies on the left bank of the lower Hron river. The Old Slavic name of the town was ''Leva'', which means "the Left One ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dupnica
Dupnitsa, or Dupnica ( bg, Дупница (previously ), ), is a town in Western Bulgaria. It is at the foot of the highest mountains in the Balkan Peninsula – the Rila Mountains, and about south of the capital Sofia. Dupnitsa is the second largest town in Kyustendil Province. History The town has existed since ancient times. The German traveller Arnold von Harff visited Dupnitsa in 1499 and described it as a "beautiful town". The names ''Tobinitsa'', ''Doupla'' and ''Dubnitsa'' are mentioned throughout history, the last one used until the Liberation of Bulgaria, when the official name was changed to ''Dupnitsa''. In 1948 the town was renamed ''Stanke Dimitrov''; for a short period in 1949 it was called ''Marek''; the name was changed to ''Stanke Dimitrov'' in 1950. After the democratic changes, the old name ''Dupnitsa'' was restored. On 15 October 1902, around 600 women and children fled to the vicinity of Dupnitsa from Macedonia from the attacking Turkish troops. On a h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorna Dzhumaya
Blagoevgrad ( bg, Благоевград ) is а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost inhabitants, it is the economic and cultural centre of Southwestern Bulgaria. It is located in the valley of the Struma River at the foot of the Rila Mountains, south of Sofia, close to the border with North Macedonia. Blagoevgrad features a pedestrian downtown, with preserved 19th-century architecture and numerous restaurants, cafés, coffee shops, and boutiques. It is home to two universities, the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" and the American University in Bulgaria. The town also hosts the "Sts. Cyril and Methodius National Humanitarian High School". The former Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki moved from Thessaloniki to Blagoevgrad (then Gorna Dzhumaya) in 1913. Name In Ottoman times the town was known as ''Yukarı Cuma'' in Turkish or ''Gorna Dzhumaya'' in Bulgarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petar Gabrovski
Petar Dimitrov Gabrovski () (9 July 1898 – 1 February 1945) was a Bulgarian politician who briefly served as Prime Minister during the Second World War. Gabrovski was a lawyer by profession. He was also a member of the Grand Masonic Lodge of Bulgaria. Early years Gabrovski began his political career as a Nazi, forming his own movement the Ratniks of the Advancement of the Bulgarian National Spirit (''Ratnitsi Napreduka na Bulgarshtinata'') - more commonly known as Ratnik or the Ratnitsi. The group was virulently Anti-Semitic and was said to have links to Nazi Germany, although it failed to achieve anything approaching a mass following. In 1939 a law banning members of the group from government office was passed although it was not observed for long. Minister of the Interior Gabrovski's political career took off in October 1939 when he was brought into the cabinet of Georgi Kyoseivanov as minister responsible for the railways, with his appointment to the cabinet seeing him r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Belev
Alexander Belev ( bg, Александър Белев; 1898, Lom, Bulgaria – 9 September 1944, Bulgaria) was the Bulgarian commissar of Jewish Affairs during World War II, famous for his antisemitic and strongly nationalistic views. He played a central role in the deportation of some 12,000 Jews to Nazi concentration camps in occupied Poland. He was also one of the founders of the Bulgarian nationalist Ratniks. Early years Belev was born in 1898. His mother was an Italian from Dalmatia named Melanese, and Belev was often dogged by unsubstantiated rumours that her father was Jewish.Michael Bar-Zohar, ''Beyond Hitler's Grasp: The Heroic Rescue of Bulgaria's Jews'', Adams Media Corporation, 1998, p. 51 Belev studied law at Sofia University and in Germany before returning to Bulgaria to work as a lawyer. He spent a number of years working within the Ministry of the Interior. The protégé of Interior Minister Petar Gabrovski, a strong supporter of fascism, Belev was sent to Nazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steven Bowman
Steven B. Bowman is an American scholar and academic particularly known for his research of Greek and Jewish relations throughout the past three millennia, with emphasis on Byzantine and Holocaust periods. He is a professor of Judaic Studies at the University of Cincinnati, where he teaches a wide range of courses in ancient and medieval Judaic Studies and modern Israel. Biography Bowman received his B.A. in history from the University of Massachusetts in 1964. In 1974 he completed his Ph.D. dissertation at Ohio State University on Byzantine Jewry during the Paeleologue period. He was appointed to the faculty of Judaic Studies in the University of Cincinnati in 1980, and became a full Professor in 1990. Bowman published ''The Jews of Byzantium, 1204-1453'' in 1985, followed by several books exploring the history of the Greek Jews during the Second World War. His fourth book, ''The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940-1945'', was described by K.E. Fleming as one which "produced a careful and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Dannecker
Theodor Denecke (also spelled Dannecker) (27 March 1913 – 10 December 1945) was a German SS-captain (), a key aide to Adolf Eichmann in the deportation of Jews during World War II. A trained lawyer Denecke first served at the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin before being sent to France as specialist on Nazi anti-Jewish policies (). Throughout the war Denecke oversaw the implementation of the Final Solution sending Jewish men, women and children from France (1942), Bulgaria (1943), Italy (1944) and Hungary to Auschwitz concentration camp. Captured in 1945 by American soldiers he committed suicide in prison. Early life After completing trade school, the Tübingen-born Denecke first worked as a textile dealer until 1932 when he joined the Nazi Party and the SS. In 1934 he became a member of the (SS-VT), an independent unit of political combat troops at the disposal of the Nazi Party. In the same year he was a guard at the Columbia-Haus in Berlin, one of the first German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simitli
Simitli ( bg, Симитли ) also known as Simitliya ( bg, Симитлия), is a town in Blagoevgrad Province in southwestern Bulgaria. It has a population of 7,454 and is located 17 km south of Blagoevgrad. It is the seat of Simitli Municipality. Geography The city of Simitli lies at the crossroads for the turn to Bansko and Pirin Mountains off the Sofia-Thessaloníki E-79. Geographical locations of note are the Komatinski Cliffs between Brestovo and Sushitsa, the Kresna Gorge of the Struma River, and the foothills of the Pirin Mountains at Senokos. Transportation Simitli lies on E-79 which connects Sofia to the Greek Border. Simitli is also part of the Bulgarian State Railways network from Greece to Sofia. Simitli is also the intersection of E-79 and the road to Bansko and the Pirin Mountains. Tourism Some of the best whitewater rapids in the Balkans can be found on the Struma river in the Kresna Gorge. The rafting and kayaking season is from April to July and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidirokastro
Sidirokastro ( el, Σιδηρόκαστρο; Bulgarian and Macedonian: ''Valovišta''; tr, Demirhisar) is a town and a former municipality in the Serres regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Sintiki, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is built near the fertile valley of the Struma River, river Strymonas, on the bank of the Krousovitis River. Sidirokastro is situated on the European route E79 and the main road from northern Greece (Thessaloniki) to Bulgaria. It has a number of tourist sights, such as the medieval stone castle, Byzantine ruins, and natural spas. General information Sidirokastro is located 25 km to the northwest of the town of Serres, between the Vrontous and Angistro mountains (to the north) and the river Struma (river), Strymonas (to the west). The 2011 census recorded 9,294 residents in the municipal unit of Sidirokastro, while there were 5,693 residents recorded in the community of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Labor Battalions
The Holocaust in Bulgaria was the persecution, deportation, and annihilation of Jews between 1939 and 1944 in the Kingdom of Bulgaria and Bulgarian-occupied Yugoslavia and Greece during World War II, arranged by the Nazi Germany-allied government of Tsar Boris III and prime minister Bogdan Filov. The persecution began in 1939, intensified after early 1941 and culminated in March 1943 with the arrest and deportation of almost all11,343of the Jews living in Bulgarian-occupied regions of Macedonia, Thrace, and Pomoravlje. These were deported by the Bulgarian authorities and sent on through Bulgaria to the Treblinka extermination camp in German-occupied Poland. The planned deportation of the 48,000 Jews from within Bulgaria's pre-war borders was never carried out despite the Bulgarian authorities beginning detentions in preparation. Upon becoming aware of the impending plans members of parliament led by Dimitar Peshev pressured the interior minister to revoke the initial deporta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Famine
The Great Famine ( el, Μεγάλος Λιμός, and sometimes known as the Grand Famine) was a period of mass starvation during the Axis occupation of Greece, during World War II (1941–1944). The local population suffered greatly during this period, while the Axis Powers initiated a policy of large scale plunder. Moreover, requisitions, together with the Allied blockade of Greece, the ruined state of the country's infrastructure, and the emergence of a powerful and well-connected black market, resulted in the Great Famine, with the mortality rate reaching a peak during the winter of 1941–42.Mazower, 1995: 44–48 The great suffering and the pressure of the Greek diaspora eventually forced the British to lift the blockade partially. Thus through the ends of 1941, Kızılay (the Turkish Red Crescent), and from the summer of 1942 the International Red Cross, were able to distribute supplies in sufficient quantities with the help of several foreign, and Hellenic-based humanitar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
