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Thelony
In the Middle Ages, the ''teloneum'' (also ''telonium'' or ''toloneum'', from Greek τελώνιον, ''telonion'', toll-house), in French ''tonlieu'', sometimes anglicized thelony, was a market toll, a tax paid on a sale in the marketplace. The term originally referred to the customs house, but came gradually to refer to the tax levied. The collector of the ''teloneum'' was the ''telonearius''. The term ''teloneum'' first appeared in the fifth century. It came to cover numerous more specific tolls, such as the ''portaticum'', ''rotaticum'' and ''pulveraticum''. In the Merovingian period, the ''teloneum'' was a major source of royal revenues. The kings did sometimes give exemptions to abbeys, but rarely to anybody else. The ''teleonarii'' frequently farmed the taxes, often to Jews. A document issued by King Philip I of France around 1090 defined a teloneum as a tax on the ''transitum a vendentibus vel ementibus vel transeuntibus'' (transfer between seller and buyer). Justice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
