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Substituted Cathinones
Substituted cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along with additional substitutions. Cathinone occurs naturally in the plant khat whose leaves are chewed as a recreational drug. List of substituted cathinones The derivatives may be produced by substitutions at four locations of the cathinone molecule: * R1 = hydrogen, or any combination of one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, haloalkyl or halide substituents * R2 = hydrogen or any alkyl group * R3 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure * R4 = hydrogen, any alkyl group, or incorporation in a cyclic structure The following table displays notable derivatives that have been reported: Legality On 2 April 2010, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in the UK announced that a broad structure-based ban of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathinone
Cathinone (also known as benzoylethanamine, or β-keto-amphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub '' Catha edulis'' (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines. It is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect of ''Catha edulis'', also known as khat. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that it has a ketone functional group. Other phenethylamines that share this structure include the stimulants methcathinone, MDPV, mephedrone and the antidepressant bupropion. History Discovery Khat has been cultivated in the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula region of the world for thousands of years. It is most commonly chewed for the euphoric effect it produces. The active ingredient was first proposed in 1930, when cathine was identified as a predominant alkaloid in the plant. Cathine was thought to be the main active ingredient in khat until the 1960s, when it was found that the amount of cathine in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethyl Group
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbr. Et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula , derived from ethane (). ''Ethyl'' is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "''eth-''" is used to indicate the presence of two carbon atoms in the molecule. Ethylation Ethylation is the formation of a compound by introduction of the ethyl group. The most widely practiced example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene with ethylene to yield ethylbenzene, a precursor to styrene, which is a precursor to polystyrene. Approximately 24.7 million tons of ethylbenzene were produced in 1999. :: Many ethyl-containing compounds are generated by electrophilic ethylation, i.e. treatment of nucleophiles with sources of Et+. Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate t3OF4 is such a reagent. For good nucleophiles, less electrophilic reagents are employed, such as ethyl h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethyl-Hexedrone
''N''-Ethylhexedrone (also known as α-ethylaminocaprophenone, ''N''-ethylnorhexedrone, hexen, and NEH) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) with IC50 values of 0.0978 and 0.0467 μM, respectively. ''N''-Ethylhexedrone was first mentioned in a series of patents by Boehringer Ingelheim in the 1960s which led to the development of the better-known drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Since the mid-2010s, ''N''-ethylhexedrone has been sold online as a designer drug. In 2018, ''N''-ethylhexedrone was the second most common drug of the cathinone class to be identified in Drug Enforcement Administration seizures. ''N''-Ethylhexedrone was first synthesized by Boehringer Ingelheim in 1964. It appears to have emerged on the online research chemical market in late 2015. It is an example of a novel psychoactive substance specifically chosen to mimic the features of prohibited substances and bypass drug laws. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexedrone
Hexedrone is a stimulant of the substituted cathinone class which has been sold as a designer drug. Through analysis of the Structure-Activity Relationships in similar cathinones such as MDPV, Hexedrone is believed to be a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Subjective effects include stimulation, disinhibition, thought acceleration and euphoria. Little is known about toxicity, addiction, and abuse potential of hexedrone. Due to its novelty and extremely short history of human usage, all information related to the use of this compound should be treated with caution. Legal status In the UK, Hexedrone is a Class B drug under The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2010 following the ACMD's report on substituted cathinone derivatives, making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess without a license. See also * Ethyl-Hexedrone * Methcathinone * Buphedrone * Pentedrone Pentedrone (also known as α-methylaminovalerophenone) is a stimulant of the cathinone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Ethylpentedrone
''N''-Ethylpentedrone (also known as α-ethylaminopentiophenone, α-EAPP, α-ethylaminovalerophenone, ''N''-ethylnorpentedrone, and NEP) is a chemical compound of the substituted cathinone class. Since the mid-2010s, NEP has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the ''N''-ethyl analog of pentedrone. Legal status NEP is illegal in Japan and China, and is classified as a '"potentially harmful substance"', thus, controlled, but not banned in Sweden. See also * Pentedrone * 4-Methylethcathinone * 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone * α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone * Ethcathinone * ''N''-Ethylbuphedrone * N-Ethylhexedrone * N-Ethylheptedrone * Ephylone ''N''-Ethylpentylone (β-keto-ethylbenzodioxolylpentanamine, βk-ethyl-K, βk-EBDP, ephylone) is a substituted cathinone and stimulant drug which was developed in the 1960s. It has been reported as a novel designer drug in several countries in ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethylhexedrone, N- Cathinones Designer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Ethylpentedrone Structure
''N''-Ethylpentedrone (also known as α-ethylaminopentiophenone, α-EAPP, α-ethylaminovalerophenone, ''N''-ethylnorpentedrone, and NEP) is a chemical compound of the substituted cathinone class. Since the mid-2010s, NEP has been sold online as a designer drug. It is the ''N''-ethyl analog of pentedrone. Legal status NEP is illegal in Japan and China, and is classified as a '"potentially harmful substance"', thus, controlled, but not banned in Sweden. See also * Pentedrone * 4-Methylethcathinone * 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone * α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone * Ethcathinone * ''N''-Ethylbuphedrone * N-Ethylhexedrone * N-Ethylheptedrone * Ephylone ''N''-Ethylpentylone (β-keto-ethylbenzodioxolylpentanamine, βk-ethyl-K, βk-EBDP, ephylone) is a substituted cathinone and stimulant drug which was developed in the 1960s. It has been reported as a novel designer drug in several countries in ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethylhexedrone, N- Cathinones Designer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentedrone
Pentedrone (also known as α-methylaminovalerophenone) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that has been sold as a designer drug and has been found since 2010 as an ingredient in a number of " bath salt" mixes sold as legal highs. Pharmacology Pentedrone acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor without causing their release, the same mechanism of action as methylphenidate. Side effects Pentedrone has been linked to at least one death where it was combined with α-PVP and caused heart failure. Detection A forensic standard of Pentedrone is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse. Legal status On January 28, 2014, the DEA listed it, along with nine other synthetic cathinones, on the Schedule 1 with a temporary ban, effective February 27, 2014. Pentedrone is an Anlage II controlled drug in Germany. As of October 2015 Pentedrone is a controlled substance in China. Pentedrone is banned in the Czech Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Ethylbuphedrone
''N''-Ethylbuphedrone (also known as NEB) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that has been sold as a designer drug. It is the β-ketone analogue of ''N'',''alpha''-diethylphenylethylamine. Legal status As of October 2015 NEB is a controlled substance in China. See also * 4-Methylbuphedrone * 4-Methylethcathinone * Buphedrone * Ethcathinone * Etilamfetamine * N-Ethylpentedrone * N-Ethylhexedrone * N-Ethylheptedrone ''N''-Ethylheptedrone is a recreational designer drug from the substituted cathinone family, with stimulant effects. It is a homologue of related drugs such as ethcathinone, ''N''-ethylbuphedrone and ''N''-ethylhexedrone but with a longer p ... References Stimulants Cathinones Designer drugs Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
