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Stadium Diplomacy
Stadium diplomacy is a form of subsidy practiced by a nation through building and financing the construction of stadiums and sports facilities. China uses this form of soft power to secure diplomatic recognition in line with the One-China policy and to secure natural resources. The construction of stadiums is financed depending on the project with some given as gifts; paid for through low interest, concessional loans; built in partnership with both credit and the host nation taking on different construction responsibilities; or through some other kind of partnership. This form of diplomacy was practiced as early as 1958, when the Chinese government financed the construction of the National Sports Stadium in neighboring Mongolia. List The following includes overseas stadiums and sports facilities built and donated as gifts or financed in association with the host country. Stadiums built by the creditor nation construction firms but without their government's financing assistance a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stadium Subsidy
A stadium subsidy is a type of government subsidy given to professional sports franchises to help finance the construction or renovation of a sports venue. Stadium subsidies can come in the form of tax-free municipal bonds, cash payments, long-term tax exemptions, infrastructure improvements, and operating cost subsidies. Funding for stadium subsidies can come from all levels of government and remains controversial among legislators and citizens. When surveyed, 86% of economists favored eliminating public subsidies for professional sports franchises. Stadium subsidies are widely criticized for using taxpayer funds to benefit franchise owners, who are often billionaires, to the detriment of public schools and infrastructure. Background In the United States Prior to the 1950s, stadium subsidies were essentially unheard of, with funding for professional sports stadiums coming from private sources. In 1951, MLB commissioner Ford Frick decided that league teams were bringing large am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaoundé
Yaoundé (; , ) is the capital of Cameroon and, with a population of more than 2.8 million, the second-largest city in the country after the port city Douala. It lies in the Centre Region of the nation at an elevation of about 750 metres (2,500 ft) above sea level. The outpost of Epsumb or Jeundo was founded between the Nyong and Sanaga rivers at the northern edge of the area's forests in 1887 by German explorers as a trading base for rubber and ivory. A military garrison was built in 1895 which enabled further colonization. After Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I, France held eastern Cameroon as a mandate, and Yaoundé was chosen to become the capital of the colony in 1922. Douala remained the more important settlement, but Yaoundé saw rapid growth and continued as the seat of government for the Republic of Cameroon upon its independence in 1960. Most of Yaoundé's economy is still centred on the administrative structure but major industries in Yaoundé inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2015 All-Africa Games
The 11th African Games took place from September 4–19, 2015 in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. This edition marked the 50th anniversary of the Games, as well as their return to Brazzaville, which hosted the first edition in 1965. Host awarding Ghana, Kenya and Congo all showed interest in bidding for the 11th edition of the Games. On September 14, 2011, the Supreme Council for Sports in Africa awarded the rights to Brazzaville to host. Name change In January 2012 during the Executive Council meeting of the African Union held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was taken a decision for the name change from All-Africa Games to African Games. The 11th edition of Brazzaville 2015 started under this new name. Opening ceremony The opening ceremony was held on 4 September 2015 at the newly built Kintele Stadium. Congolese national anthem started the ceremony, performed by Abel Mona. Parade of nations then started with Mozambique entering first as the previous host in 2011 and Republic of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazzaville
Brazzaville (, kg, Kintamo, Nkuna, Kintambo, Ntamo, Mavula, Tandala, Mfwa, Mfua; Teke: ''M'fa'', ''Mfaa'', ''Mfa'', ''Mfoa''Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 60) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo (Congo Republic). Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 1.8 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville was also the capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942. In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network. Geography Brazzaville ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China State Construction Engineering
The China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) () is the largest construction company in the world by revenue and the 8th largest general contractor in terms of overseas sales, as of 2020. While most of the assets of CSCEC were floated in the stock exchange as China State Construction Engineering Corporation Limited (CSCECL), CSCEC retained some assets such as schools and hospitals, as well as the stake in China Construction International Corporation () which was not able to be transferred. Thus, CSCEC granted the listed company supervising rights. Corporate structure The CSCEC has numerous branches or subsidiaries. It is divided into five main divisions and twelve traditional core business areas, including eight Group's engineering offices and four Design Institutes, as well as its own national research laboratory. The main business units of the group are planning and design, project development, equipment leasing, trade, construction and facilities management. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stade Des Martyrs
The Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte (Martyrs of Pentecost Stadium), also known as simply the Stade des Martyrs and formerly known as Stade Kamanyola, is a national stadium located in the town of Lingwala in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is mainly used for football matches and has organised many concerts and athletics competitions. It is the home stadium of the National Team of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the AS Vita Club and DC Motema Pembe of Championship Democratic Republic of the Congo football. The stadium has a capacity of 80,000 for international matches and 100,000 for national matches. History The Stade des Martyrs was originally called Stade Kamanyola. Construction began on October 14, 1988 and ended on October 14, 1993. It replaced the former National Stadium, the Stade Tata Raphaël. In 1997, the stadium was renamed in memory of four ministers purged by Mobutu Sese Seko and hanged at the site on 2 June 1966: Éva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central African CFA Franc
The Central African CFA franc ( French: ''franc CFA'' or simply ''franc''; ISO code: XAF; abbreviation: F.CFA) is the currency of six independent states in Central Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. These six countries have a combined population of 55.2 million people (as of 2020), and a combined GDP of US$113.322 billion (as of 2020). CFA stands for ''Coopération financière en Afrique centrale'' ("Financial Cooperation in Central Africa"). It is issued by the Bank of Central African States (BEAC; ''Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale''), located in Yaoundé, Cameroon, for the members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC; ''Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale''). The franc is nominally subdivided into 100 ''centimes'' but no centime denominations have been issued. In several west African states, the West African CFA franc, which is of equal value ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N'Djamena
N'Djamena ( ) is the capital and largest city of Chad. It is also a special statute region, divided into 10 districts or ''arrondissements''. The city serves as the centre of economic activity in Chad. Meat, fish and cotton processing are the chief industries, and it is a regional market for livestock, salt, dates, and grains. It is a port city located at the confluence of the Logone River with the Chari River, forming a transborder agglomeration with the city of Kousséri (in Cameroon), capital of the Department of Logone-et-Chari, which is on the west bank of both rivers. It had 1,093,492 inhabitants in 2013. History N'Djamena was founded as Fort-Lamy by French commander Émile Gentil on 29 May 1900, and named after Amédée-François Lamy, an army officer who had been killed in the Battle of Kousséri about a month earlier. It was a major trading city and became the capital of the region and nation. During the Second World War, the French relied upon the city's airpor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barthélemy Boganda Stadium
Stade Barthélemy Boganda, in Bangui, is the national stadium of the Central African Republic. It is located at Complexe Sportif Barthélemy Boganda and it is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 50,000 for sports matches. It is named after the former president of the country, Barthélemy Boganda. It was first constructed in 2003 by the Chinese company ''Complan'', it first started on 16 June 2006 and completed on 30 December by president François Bozizé The stadium is home to one of several popular clubs in the country including AS Tempête Mocaf References External links Cafe.daum.net/stade – Stadium PicturesPhotograph galleries including pictures of the stadium Football venues in the Central African Republic Athletics (track and field) venues in the Central African Republic Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top International Engineering
Shaanxi Construction Engineering Group Corporation (operating as Top International Engineering Corporation in international markets) is a Chinese construction and engineering contractor. SCEGC was established in 1950, and is among the Top 500 Chinese Corporations. Projects The company in overseas operations is active across Africa and a few countries elsewhere. The main concentration of overseas branches is in West Africa with subsidiaries in Cameroon, Sao Tome & Principe, Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Gabon, Nigeria, Ghana, and Cape Verde. Other offices are located in the UAE, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, and Congo. In Ghana, it is the leading sub-contractor in a joint project with local firms to build 320 apartment blocks comprising 2,560 units designated by the government to meet an affordable housing shortfall. Philanthropy During the 2007 floods in the Upper East Region of Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
