|
Skidpad
A skidpad is a circular area of flat pavement used for various tests of a car's handling. The most common skidpad use is testing lateral acceleration, measured in meters per second squared (m/s2) or the scaled unit ''g''-force. This usage has similarities to that of using a kick plate. Measurement of grip A car’s maximum number of ''g''-forces on a skid pad says something about the grip of the car on winding roads, or how fast it can drive in corners without losing grip. Some factors which can aid in achieving higher ''g''-forces are high power, wide tires, low mass, appropriate suspension setup and large downforce. Test setup The test is carried out on a circular track with a defined radius. A car driving on said track is slowly accelerated, until the outermost tires on the car begin to slip. Going any faster would cause the car to drive outside the defined radius. At this point, the speed of the car is recorded, and given the centripetal acceleration formula (by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circle Of Forces
The circle of forces, traction circle, friction circle, or friction ellipse is a useful way to think about the dynamic interaction between a vehicle's tire and the road surface. The diagram below shows the tire from above, so that the road surface lies in the ''xy''-plane. The vehicle to which the tire is attached is moving in the positive ''y'' direction. In this example, the vehicle would be cornering to the right (i.e. the positive ''x'' direction points to the center of the corner). Note that the plane of rotation of the tire is at an angle to the actual direction that the tire is moving (the positive ''y'' direction). Put differently, rather than being allowed to simply "roll" in the direction that it is "pointing" (in this case, rightwards from the positive ''y'' direction), the tire instead must "slip" in a different direction from that which it is pointing in order to maintain its "forward" motion in the positive ''y'' direction. This difference between the direction the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornering Force
Cornering force or side force is the lateral (i.e., parallel to wheel axis) force produced by a vehicle tire during cornering. Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional to slip angle at low slip angles. The rate at which cornering force builds up is described by relaxation length. Slip angle describes the deformation of the tire contact patch, and this deflection of the contact patch deforms the tire in a fashion akin to a spring. As with deformation of a spring, deformation of the tire contact patch generates a reaction force in the tire; the cornering force. Integrating the force generated by every tread element along the contact patch length gives the total cornering force. Although the term, "tread element" is used, the compliance in the tire that leads to this effect is actually a combination of sidewall deflection and deflection of the rubber within the contact patch. The exact ratio of sidewall compliance to tread compliance is a factor in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slippery Road Training
Slippery road training is the driving on a closed area with a slippery surface as a part of training road users in driving on slippery roads. It is used in some countries as a mandatory prerequisite for a driving test, or by drivers who wish to practice their maneuvering skills in slippery conditions. Such training can also detect faults in the brakes or steering of a vehicle which can have a major impact on emergency maneuvers. Track construction In order to be able to simulate wet icy conditions all year around, slippery tracks have traditionally been made using iron plates on the ground upon which and oil film is sprayed. On newer courses, epoxy is often used instead, which only needs to be applied with water to achieve the same effect. Training requirement for driving license Norway In Norway, slippery road training is a mandatory part of training which must be completed for everyone taking their driving test, and goes under the name ''glattkjøring'' (or officially: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acceleration
In mechanics, acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities (in that they have magnitude and direction). The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the ''net'' force acting on that object. The magnitude of an object's acceleration, as described by Newton's Second Law, is the combined effect of two causes: * the net balance of all external forces acting onto that object — magnitude is directly proportional to this net resulting force; * that object's mass, depending on the materials out of which it is made — magnitude is inversely proportional to the object's mass. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared (, \mathrm). For example, when a vehicle starts from a standstill (zero velocity, in an inertial frame of reference) and travels in a straight line at increasing speeds, it is accelerating in the direction of travel. If the vehicle turns, an a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roadholding
Road-holding – also written as roadholding and road holding – (in French being called "tenue de route", in German "Beibehaltung der Spur"), is essentially determined by the ability of a vehicle to stay on the road and on a desired trajectory of motion, whatever the circumstances (in curves, on greasy, wet or low-grip ground, loaded or not, etc.) may be, but also by the degree of ease that a driver may sense in controlling it in an emergency situation. (Hereby, the laws of nature as a framework, including the gravitational field of the planet Earth as well as the phenomenon of inertia, are tacitly assumed as given.) In the above context, the straight-line stability of a vehicle – which is concomitant with its ability to stay on a desired trajectory of motion – necessitates a certain degree of understeering. The capability to smooth down the road imperfections, affects both the comfort and the road-holding of a vehicle. To improve comfort in this regard means, basically, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guinness World Records
''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London, in August 1955. The first edition topped the best-seller list in the United Kingdom by Christmas 1955. The following year the book was launched internationally, and as of the 2022 edition, it is now in its 67th year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages, and maintains over 53,000 records in its database. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in ''Guinness World Records'' becoming the primary international authority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porsche Taycan
The Porsche Taycan is a battery electric saloon and shooting brake produced by German automobile manufacturer Porsche. The concept version of the Taycan, named the ''Porsche Mission E'', debuted at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Taycan was revealed fully production-ready at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show. As Porsche's first series production electric car, it is sold in several variants at different performance levels, and may spawn further derivatives in future models. More than 20,000 Taycans were delivered in 2020, its debut sale year, representing 7.4% of the total Porsche volume. A modified Taycan Turbo S is the current Formula E Safety car. Nomenclature The name "Taycan" (/taɪ-kɒn/) roughly translates from Turkish tay+ can as "lively young horse", in reference to the steed of the Stuttgart coat of arms on the Porsche crest. Porsche named the high performance models Turbo and Turbo S despite the absence of a turbocharger, following the tradition set by high perfo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book ''Guinness World Records'' and other world records organizations collates and publishes notable records of many. One of them is the World Records Union that is the unique world records register organization recognized by the Council of the Notariats of the European Union. Terminology In the United States, the form World's Record was formerly more common. The term The World's Best was also briefly in use. The latter term is still used in athletics events, including track and field and road running to describe good and bad performances that are not recognized as an official world record: either because it is not an event where the IAAF tracks the record (e.g. the 150 m run or individual events in a decathlon), or because it does not fulfill other rigorous criteria of an otherwise qualifying event (e. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centripetal Acceleration
In mechanics, acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities (in that they have magnitude and direction). The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the ''net'' force acting on that object. The magnitude of an object's acceleration, as described by Newton's Second Law, is the combined effect of two causes: * the net balance of all external forces acting onto that object — magnitude is directly proportional to this net resulting force; * that object's mass, depending on the materials out of which it is made — magnitude is inversely proportional to the object's mass. The SI unit for acceleration is metre per second squared (, \mathrm). For example, when a vehicle starts from a standstill (zero velocity, in an inertial frame of reference) and travels in a straight line at increasing speeds, it is accelerating in the direction of travel. If the vehicle turns, an acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sae Skidpad
SAE or Sae may refer to: Science and technology : * Selective area epitaxy, local growth of epitaxial layer through a patterned dielectric mask deposited on a semiconductor substrate * Serious adverse event, in a clinical trial * Simultaneous Authentication of Equals, a password authentication protocol in computer networking * Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, a disease * Sum of absolute errors, in mathematics * Supervised agricultural experience * System Architecture Evolution, the core network architecture of 3GPP's LTE wireless communication standard Units and standards * SAE, several units of measurement of power; See Horsepower * SAE viscosity number, of motor oils * SAE steel grades * SAE fastener * SAE thread * United States customary units, e.g. inches and miles rather than millimeters and kilometers Linguistics * South African English, the first-language dialects of English spoken by South Africans * Standard Average European, a sprachbund consisting of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavement (material)
A road surface (British English), or pavement (American English), is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. In the past, gravel road surfaces, hoggin, cobblestone and granite setts were extensively used, but these have mostly been replaced by asphalt or concrete laid on a compacted base course. Asphalt mixtures have been used in pavement construction since the beginning of the 20th century and are of two types: metalled (hard-surfaced) and unmetalled roads. Metalled roadways are made to sustain vehicular load and so are usually made on frequently used roads. Unmetalled roads, also known as gravel roads, are rough and can sustain less weight. Road surfaces are frequently marked to guide traffic. Today, permeable paving methods are beginning to be used for low-impact roadways and walkways. Pavements are crucial to countries such as United States and Canada, which heavily depend on road t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Downforce
Downforce is a downwards lift force created by the aerodynamic features of a vehicle. If the vehicle is a car, the purpose of downforce is to allow the car to travel faster by increasing the vertical force on the tires, thus creating more grip. If the vehicle is a fixed-wing aircraft, the purpose of the downforce on the horizontal stabilizer is to maintain longitudinal stability and allow the pilot to control the aircraft in pitch. Fundamental principles The same principle that allows an airplane to rise off the ground by creating lift from its wings is used in reverse to apply force that presses the race car against the surface of the track. This effect is referred to as "aerodynamic grip" and is distinguished from "mechanical grip", which is a function of the car's mass, tires, and suspension. The creation of downforce by passive devices can be achieved only at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag (or friction), and the optimum setup is almost always a compromise between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Guinness World Records")
