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Downforce
Downforce is a downwards lift force created by the aerodynamic features of a vehicle. If the vehicle is a car, the purpose of downforce is to allow the car to travel faster by increasing the vertical force on the tires, thus creating more grip. If the vehicle is a fixed-wing aircraft, the purpose of the downforce on the horizontal stabilizer is to maintain longitudinal stability and allow the pilot to control the aircraft in pitch. Fundamental principles The same principle that allows an airplane to rise off the ground by creating lift from its wings is used in reverse to apply force that presses the race car against the surface of the track. This effect is referred to as "aerodynamic grip" and is distinguished from "mechanical grip", which is a function of the car's mass, tires, and suspension. The creation of downforce by passive devices can be achieved only at the cost of increased aerodynamic drag (or friction), and the optimum setup is almost always a compromise betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diffuser (automotive)
A diffuser, in an automotive context, is a shaped section of the car rear which improves the car's aerodynamic properties by enhancing the transition between the high-velocity airflow underneath the car and the much slower freestream airflow of the ambient atmosphere. It works by providing a space for the underbody airflow to decelerate and expand (in volume, as density is assumed to be constant at the speeds that cars travel) so that it does not cause excessive flow separation and drag, by providing a degree of " wake infill" or more accurately, pressure recovery. The diffuser itself accelerates the flow in front of it, which helps generate downforce. This is achieved by creating a change in velocity of the air flowing under the diffuser by giving it a rake angle which in turn generates a change in pressure and hence increases downforce. __TOC__ Overview When a diffuser is used, the air flows into the underbody from the front of the car, accelerates and reduces pressure. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formula One Car
A Formula One car or F1 car is a single-seat, open-cockpit, open-wheel racing car, open-wheel formula racing car used to compete in Formula One racing events. It has substantial front and rear wings, large wheels, and a turbocharged engine mid-engine design, positioned behind the driver. The cars are constructed of carbon fibre and other composite materials for durability and are built to withstand high impact forces and considerable g forces. The early F1 cars were simpler designs with no wings, front mounted engines, and required significant driver effort to control. Later improvements saw the introduction of lighter cars due to metallurgical advancements, introduction of ground effect (aerodynamics), ground effect cars with the addition of wings and other aerodynamic surfaces, and control electronics. The introduction of turbocharged engines with higher efficiency, and energy recovery system to boost speeds led to faster and efficient racing cars. A modern F1 car has a car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grip (autoracing)
The following is a glossary of terminology used in motorsport, along with explanations of their meanings. 0–9 ;1–2 finish: When two vehicles from the same team finish first and second in a race. Can be extended to 1–2–3 or 1–2–3–4, etc. depending on a combination of racing series and team size. ;107% rule: Often used in Formula One or other racing series, it is a rule where the driver must qualify the car within 107% of the polesitter's time to be allowed to compete. Variations of this may be used to monitor drivers and warn them to reach the required pace or be parked (disqualified). Similarly, the IndyCar Series uses a 105% rule, and NASCAR has a 115% rule, mainly for performance on track, though IndyCar and NASCAR often adjust the threshold for tracks with very abrasive surfaces (such as Atlanta Motor Speedway) where lap times can be considerably faster with less worn tires. ;200 MPH Club: A lifetime "membership" awarded by the SCTA or another sanctionin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slipstreaming
Drafting or slipstreaming is an aerodynamic technique where two moving objects are aligning in a close group to exploit the lead object's slipstream and thus reduce the overall effect of drag. Especially when high speeds are involved, as in motor racing and cycling, drafting can significantly reduce the paceline's average energy expenditure and can even slightly reduce the energy expenditure of the lead vehicle. Drafting in sport Drafting is used to reduce wind resistance and is seen most commonly in bicycle racing, motorcycle racing, car racing, and speedskating, though drafting is occasionally used even in cross-country skiing, downhill skateboarding, and running. Some forms of triathlon allow drafting. Drafting occurs in swimming as well: both in open-water races (occurring in natural bodies of water) and in traditional races in competition pools. In a competition pool a swimmer may hug the lane line that separates them from the swimmer they are abaft of thereby takin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Webber (racing Driver)
Mark Alan Webber (born 27 August 1976) is an Australian former racing driver, sports broadcasting, broadcaster and driver manager, who competed in Formula One from to . Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix across 12 seasons. In endurance racing (motorsport), endurance racing, Webber won the FIA World Endurance Championship in 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship, 2015 with Porsche in motorsport, Porsche. Webber began karting at age 12 or 13 and achieved early success, winning regional championships before progressing to car racing in the Australian Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship. He competed for two years opposite Bernd Schneider (racing driver), Bernd Schneider in the FIA GT Championship with the Mercedes-AMG, AMG Mercedes team, finishing runner-up in the 1998 FIA GT Championship, 1998 season with five wins in ten races before finishing second in the 2001 International Formula 3000 Championship driving for Super Nova Racing. Webber made ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horizontal Stabilizer
A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabilizer, is a small lifting surface located on the tail ( empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such as helicopters and gyroplanes. Not all fixed-wing aircraft have tailplanes. Canards, tailless and flying wing aircraft have no separate tailplane, while in V-tail aircraft the vertical stabilizer, rudder, and the tail-plane and elevator are combined to form two diagonal surfaces in a V layout. The function of the tailplane is to provide stability and control. In particular, the tailplane helps adjust for changes in position of the centre of pressure or centre of gravity caused by changes in speed and attitude, fuel consumption, or dropping cargo or payload. Tailplane types The tailplane comprises the tail-mounted fixed horizontal stabilizer and movable elevator. Besides its planform, it is characterised by: *Number of tailplanes - from 0 ( tailless or canard) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DeltaWing
The DeltaWing is a racing car designed by British race car designer and engineer Ben Bowlby and debuted at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans. The entry was run under the Project 56 name, composed of Ben Bowlby (design), Dan Gurney's All American Racers (constructor), Duncan Dayton's Highcroft Racing (racing team) and International Motor Sports Association owner Don Panoz (managing partner). Nissan's NISMO division provided the engine in return for naming rights for part of 2012. The DeltaWing was built and maintained at Panoz headquarters in Braselton, Georgia, US. History The project began in January 2009, when British designer Ben Bowlby created a potential new IndyCar Series design for the 2012 season. With financial backing from Chip Ganassi, owner of Chip Ganassi Racing, the prototype was unveiled in February 2010 at the Chicago Auto Show. Ganassi and the team partners own the car and its patents. In July 2010, IndyCar chose a Dallara design instead. Bowlby then w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 24 Hours Of Le Mans
The 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 67th 24 Hours of Le Mans, and took place on 12 and 13 June 1999. The race had a large number of entries in the fastest Le Mans Prototype classes, with Audi, BMW, Ferrari, Lola Cars, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Panoz, Riley & Scott, and Toyota all represented. The BMW V12 LMR of Yannick Dalmas, Pierluigi Martini, and Joachim Winkelhock won overall, with their car's reliability and fuel economy allowing them to beat their faster rivals. Pre-race 1999 saw another increase in manufacturers involvement. Although Porsche did not send a team to contest in the prototype classes, Toyota retained their three updated Toyota GT-One, GT-Ones, now moved to the LMGTP class due to the demise of GT1, while Mercedes-Benz debuted three new Mercedes-Benz CLR, CLR LMGTPs. Nissan instead moved from GT1 to an open cockpit LMP, as did Panoz. Newcomer Audi attempted to try their hand at both classes, with two open cockpit Audi R8R, R8Rs and two closed cockpit Audi R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercedes-Benz CLR
The Mercedes-Benz CLR was a Sports prototype, prototype race car developed by Mercedes-Benz in collaboration with in-house car tuning, tuning division Mercedes-AMG, AMG and motorsports specialists HWA Team, HWA GmbH. Designed to meet Le Mans Prototype, Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP) regulations, the CLRs were intended to compete in sports car racing, sports car events during 1999, most notably at the 24 Hours of Le Mans which Mercedes had last won in . It was the third iteration in Mercedes' 1990s sports cars, succeeding the Mercedes-Benz CLK LM, which in turn was born of the Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, CLK GTR. Similar to its predecessors, CLR retained elements of Mercedes-Benz's production cars, including a V8 engine loosely based on the Mercedes-Benz M119 engine, Mercedes M119 as well as a front fascia, headlamps, and grille inspired by the then new Mercedes flagship Mercedes-Benz C215, CL Class. Three CLRs were entered for Le Mans in 1999 after the team performed nearly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airfoil
An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is a streamlined body that is capable of generating significantly more Lift (force), lift than Drag (physics), drag. Wings, sails and propeller blades are examples of airfoils. Foil (fluid mechanics), Foils of similar function designed with water as the working fluid are called hydrofoils. When oriented at a suitable angle, a solid body moving through a fluid deflects the oncoming fluid (for fixed-wing aircraft, a downward force), resulting in a force on the airfoil in the direction opposite to the deflection. This force is known as aerodynamic force and can be resolved into two components: lift (perpendicular to the remote freestream velocity) and drag (Parallel (geometry), parallel to the freestream velocity). The lift on an airfoil is primarily the result of its angle of attack. Most foil shapes require a positive angle of attack to generate lift, but Camber (aerodynamics), cambered airfoils can generate lift at zero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lift (force)
When a fluid flows around an object, the fluid exerts a force on the object. Lift is the Euclidean_vector#Decomposition_or_resolution, component of this force that is perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction. It contrasts with the drag (physics), drag force, which is the component of the force parallel to the flow direction. Lift conventionally acts in an upward direction in order to counter the force of gravity, but it is defined to act perpendicular to the flow and therefore can act in any direction. If the surrounding fluid is air, the force is called an aerodynamic force. In water or any other liquid, it is called a Fluid dynamics, hydrodynamic force. Dynamic lift is distinguished from other kinds of lift in fluids. Aerostatics, Aerostatic lift or buoyancy, in which an internal fluid is lighter than the surrounding fluid, does not require movement and is used by balloons, blimps, dirigibles, boats, and submarines. Planing (boat), Planing lift, in which only the lower po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
