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Syringetin
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in '' Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Compounds In Wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers ( proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. Origin of the phenolic compounds The natural phenols are not evenly distributed within the fruit. Phenolic acids are largely present in the pulp, anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the skin, and other phenols (catechins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a myricetin O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin \rightleftharpoons 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myricetin, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and syringetin. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase. References * EC 2.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure Flavonols metabolism O-methylated flavonoids metabolism {{2.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin 3-rhamnoside
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in ''Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysimachia Congestiflora
''Lysimachia congestiflora'', known as golden globes loosestrife or creeping Jenny, is a flowering plant species in the primrose family that native to southeast Asia. Description It is an aboveground perennial and a herbaceous, stolon-former plant that reaches heights of 10 to 20 cm. The stem is creeping to ascending and forms knots at the roots. The leaves are opposite. There are two pairs of leaves just below the inflorescence. The leaf blade measures (0.7) 1.4 to 3 (4.5) × (0.6) 1.3 to 2.2 (3) centimetres and is Glossary of botanical terms#ovate, ovate to broadly ovate or almost circular. It has pressed, articulated hair, and mainly has reddish or black glandular points on the edge. Inflorescences The flowers are heaped upside down at the end of the stem in two to four. The flowers are colored yellow with a red eye. The ovary is hairy. The flowering period extends from spring to summer. Distribution It occurs in China, Bhutan, northeast India, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in ''Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica ''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii' ...'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in '' Medicago littoralis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picea Abies
''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 9–17 cm long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (''Picea obovata''), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridizes freely. The Norway spruce has a wide distribution for it being planted for its wood, and is the species used as the main Christmas tree in several countries around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced. The Latin binomial nomenclature, specific epithet ''abies'' means “like ''Abies'', Fir tree” Description Norway spruce is a large, fast-growing evergreen coniferous tree growing tall and with a trunk diameter of 1 to 1.5 m. It can grow fast when young, up to 1 m per year for the first 25 years under good conditions, but becomes slower once ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larix Sibirica
''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii'' of eastern Siberia; the hybrid is known as '' Larix × czekanowskii''. Description It is a medium-size to large deciduous coniferous tree reaching 20–50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The crown is conic when young, becoming broad with age; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often pendulous. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically 10–50 cm long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only 1–2 mm long with only a single bud. It has bimorphic needles, with needles on new growth borne singly and arranged in a spiral around the branch and needles on older wood borne in clusters of 15-40 needles on short spurs. It is most easily distinguished from the clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-methylated Flavonol
The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. Enzymes O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates. Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in ''Catharanthus roseus'') or 3' (example in rice) positions. Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange ('' Citrus mitis'') exhibits all of those activities. Plant enzymes * Apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase * 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase * Isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase * Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase * Luteolin O-methyltransferase * Methylquercet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
