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Laricitrin
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica ''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii' ...'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in '' Medicago littoralis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Compounds In Wine
The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine. These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers ( proanthocyanidins). This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine. The non-flavonoids include the stilbenoids such as resveratrol and phenolic acids such as benzoic, caffeic and cinnamic acids. Origin of the phenolic compounds The natural phenols are not evenly distributed within the fruit. Phenolic acids are largely present in the pulp, anthocyanins and stilbenoids in the skin, and other phenols (catechins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis ''Medicago littoralis'' is a plant species of the genus '' Medicago''. It is found primarily in the Mediterranean basin. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium ''Sinorhizobium meliloti'', which is capable of nitrogen fixation Ni ...'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringetin
Syringetin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape), in '' Lysimachia congestiflora'' and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. It induces human osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Metabolism Syringetin is formed from laricitrin by the action of the enzyme laricitrin 5′-''O''-methyltransferase ( myricetin ''O''-methyltransferase). Glycosides * Syringetin-3-''O''-galactoside * Syringetin-3-''O''-glucoside * Syringetin 3-rhamnoside (CAS number 93126-00-2) * Syringetin-3-''O''-rutinoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Syringetin 3-''O''-(6′′-acetyl)-β-glucopyranoside found in ''Picea abies ''Picea abies'', the Norway spruce or European spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is f ... into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 3-glucoside
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis ''Medicago littoralis'' is a plant species of the genus '' Medicago''. It is found primarily in the Mediterranean basin. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium ''Sinorhizobium meliloti'', which is capable of nitrogen fixation Ni ...'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside
Laricitrin is an ''O''-methylated flavonol, a type of flavonoid. It is found in red grape (absent in white grape) and in ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog billberries). It is one of the phenolic compounds present in wine. Metabolism Laricitrin is formed from myricetin by the action of the enzyme myricetin O-methyltransferase. It is further methylated by laricitrin 5'-O-methyltransferase into syringetin. Glycosides * Laricitrin 3-O-galactoside, found in grape * Laricitrin 3-glucoside found in ''Larix sibirica'' * Laricitrin 3,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, found in ''Medicago littoralis ''Medicago littoralis'' is a plant species of the genus '' Medicago''. It is found primarily in the Mediterranean basin. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium ''Sinorhizobium meliloti'', which is capable of nitrogen fixation Ni ...'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin
Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds, with antioxidant properties. Common dietary sources include vegetables (including tomatoes), fruits (including oranges), nuts, berries, tea, and red wine. Myricetin is structurally similar to fisetin, luteolin, and quercetin and is reported to have many of the same functions as these other members of the flavonol class of flavonoids. Reported average intake of myricetin per day varies depending on diet, but has been shown in the Netherlands to average 23 mg/day. Myricetin is produced from the parent compound taxifolin through the (+)-dihydromyricetin intermediate and can be further processed to form laricitrin and then syringetin, both members of the flavonol class of flavonoids. Dihydromyricetin is frequently sold as a supplement and has controversial function as a partial GABAA receptor potentiator and treatment in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Myricetin can alternatively be produced directly from kae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-methylated Flavonol
The O-methylated flavonoids or methoxyflavonoids are flavonoids with methylations on hydroxyl groups (methoxy bonds). O-methylation has an effect on the solubility of flavonoids. Enzymes O-methylated flavonoids formation implies the presence of specific O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes which accept a variety of substrates. Those enzymes mediate the O-methylation on a specific hydroxyl group, like on 4' (example in ''Catharanthus roseus'') or 3' (example in rice) positions. Those positions can be ortho, meta, para and there can be a special 3-O-methyltransferase for the 3-OH position. Calamondin orange ('' Citrus mitis'') exhibits all of those activities. Plant enzymes * Apigenin 4'-O-methyltransferase * 8-hydroxyquercetin 8-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 4'-O-methyltransferase * Isoflavone 7-O-methyltransferase * Isoliquiritigenin 2'-O-methyltransferase * Isoorientin 3'-O-methyltransferase * Kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase * Luteolin O-methyltransferase * Methylquercet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Grape Variety
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). For a complete list of all grape species including those unimportant to agriculture, see Vitis. The term ''grape variety'' refers to cultivars rather than actual botanical varieties according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, because they are propagated by cuttings and may have unstable reproductive properties. However, the term ''variety'' has become so entrenched in viticulture that any change to using the term ''cultivar'' instead is unlikely. Single species grapes While some of the grapes in this list are hybrids, they are hybridized within a single species. For those grapes hybridized across species, known as interspecific hybrids, see the section on multispecies hybrid grapes below. ''Vitis vinifera'' (wine) Red grapes White grapes Rose Grapes ''Vitis vinifera'' (table) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccinium Uliginosum
''Vaccinium uliginosum'' (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry or western blueberry) is a Eurasian and North American flowering plant in the genus ''Vaccinium'' within the heath family. Distribution ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, at low altitudes in the Arctic, and at high altitudes south to the Pyrenees, the Alps, and the Caucasus in Europe, the mountains of Mongolia, northern China, the Korean Peninsula and central Japan in Asia, and the Sierra Nevada in California and the Rocky Mountains in Utah in North America. It grows on wet acidic soils on heathland, moorland, tundra, and in the understory of coniferous forests, from sea level in the Arctic, up to altitude in the south of the range. Description ''Vaccinium uliginosum'' is a small deciduous shrub growing to tall, rarely tall, with brown stems (unlike the green stems of the closely related bilberry). The leaves are oval, long and wide, blue-green wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myricetin O-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a myricetin O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin \rightleftharpoons 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myricetin, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and syringetin. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase. References * EC 2.1.1 Enzymes of unknown structure Flavonols metabolism O-methylated flavonoids metabolism {{2.1-enzyme-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larix Sibirica
''Larix sibirica'', the Siberian larch or Russian larch, is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it hybridises with the Dahurian larch ''L. gmelinii'' of eastern Siberia; the hybrid is known as '' Larix × czekanowskii''. Description It is a medium-size to large deciduous coniferous tree reaching 20–50 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The crown is conic when young, becoming broad with age; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often pendulous. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically 10–50 cm long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only 1–2 mm long with only a single bud. It has bimorphic needles, with needles on new growth borne singly and arranged in a spiral around the branch and needles on older wood borne in clusters of 15-40 needles on short spurs. It is most easily distinguished from the clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
