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Surugatoxin
Surugatoxin (SGTX) is a type of venom found in the mid-gut digestive gland of the Japanese ivory mollusk ''Babylonia'' ''japonica'', a carnivorous gastropod. It functions as a ganglionic blocker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The structurally and functionally related neosurugatoxin, also derived from ''Babylonia japonica'', is an even more potent nAChR antagonist than SGTX. SGTX is a colorless crystalline substance with the chemical formula C25H26BrN5O13 and a molecular weight of 684.4g/mol. Its systematic chemical name is 2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl(6aS,7R,8R,9R)-6'-bromo-6a,9-dihydroxy-9-methyl-1,2',3,10-tetraoxo-spiro ,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-fteridine-8,3'-indoline">,2-f.html" ;"title=",5,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-f">,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-fteridine-8,3'-indoline7-carboxylate. It is insoluble in organic solvents and has very low solubility in water. The ganglionic blockade of nAChRs by SGTX is similar to that of IS-toxin, a struc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venom
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a stinger, in a process called envenomation. Venom is often distinguished from poison, which is a toxin that is passively delivered by being ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and toxungen, which is actively transferred to the external surface of another animal via a physical delivery mechanism. Venom has evolved in terrestrial and marine environments and in a wide variety of animals: both predators and prey, and both vertebrates and invertebrates. Venoms kill through the action of at least four major classes of toxin, namely necrotoxins and cytotoxins, which kill cells; neurotoxins, which affect nervous systems; myotoxins, which damage muscles; and haemotoxins, which disrupt blood clotting. Venomous animals cause tens of thousa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
