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Sun Goddess Of The Earth
The Sun goddess of the Earth ( Hittite: ''taknaš dUTU'', Luwian: tiyamaššiš Tiwaz) was the Hittite goddess of the underworld. Her Hurrian equivalent was Allani and her Sumerian/Akkadian equivalent was Ereshkigal, both of which had a marked influence on the Hittite goddess from an early date. In the Neo-Hittite period, the Hattian underworld god, Lelwani was also syncretised with her. In Hittite texts, she is referred to as the "Queen of the Underworld" and possesses a palace with a vizier and servants. In the Hittite New Kingdom, she is attested as the mother of two weather gods. The Weather god of Nerik was her son with the god Šulinkatte, while the Weather god of Zippalanda was her son by the . The Sun goddess of the Earth, as a personification of the chthonic aspects of the Sun, had the task of opening the doors to the Underworld. She was also the source of all evil, impurity, and sickness on Earth.Piotr Taracha: ''Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia''. Wiesbaden 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittite Language
Hittite (natively / "the language of Neša", or ''nešumnili'' / "the language of the people of Neša"), also known as Nesite (''Nešite'' / Neshite, Nessite), is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken by the Hittites, a people of Bronze Age Anatolia who created an empire centred on Hattusa, as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. The language, now long extinct, is attested in cuneiform, in records dating from the 17th (Anitta text) to the 13th centuries BCE, with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing in an Old Assyrian context from as early as the 20th century BCE, making it the earliest-attested use of the Indo-European languages. By the Late Bronze Age, Hittite had started losing ground to its close relative Luwian. It appears that in the 13th century BCE, Luwian was the most widely spoken language in the Hittite capital, Hattusa. After the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom during the more general Late Bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarḫunna
Tarḫunna or Tarḫuna/i was the Hittite weather god. He was also referred to as the "Weather god of Heaven" or the "Lord of the Land of Hatti". Name Tarḫunna is a cognate of the Hittite verb ''tarḫu-zi'', "to prevail, conquer, be powerful, be able, defeat"; from the Proto-Anatolian weather god ''*Tṛḫu-ent-,'' "conquering"; ultimately from PIE ''*terh₂-'', "to cross over, pass through, overcome". The same name was used in almost all Anatolian languages: Luwian '' Tarḫunz-''; Carian ''Trquδ-''; Milyan ''Trqqñt-'', and Lycian: ''Trqqas'' (A), ''Trqqiz'' (B). Norbert Oettinger has argued that the functions of the Anatolian weather god ultimately come from the Proto-Indo-European god Perkwunos, but that they did not preserve the old name to coin instead the new epithet ''Tṛḫu-ent-'' ("conquering"), which sounded close to the name of the Hattian Storm-god ''Taru''. Role As weather god, Tarḫunna was responsible for the various manifestations of the wea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luwian Goddesses
The Luwians were a group of Anatolian peoples who lived in central, western, and southern Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke the Luwian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian sub-family, which was written in cuneiform imported from Mesopotamia, and a unique native hieroglyphic script, which was sometimes used by the linguistically-related Hittites as well. Luwian was probably spoken over a larger geographic region than Hittite. History Origins There is no consensus on the origins of the Luwians. Armenia,Reich, David (2018), ''Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past'', Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group Iran, the Balkans, the Pontic–Caspian steppe and Central Asia have all been suggested. Their route into Anatolia is unknown. Linguist Craig Melchert suggested they were related to the Demirci Hüyük culture, implying entry into Anatolia from ancient Thrace circa 3000 BC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittite Deities
Hittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in what is now Turkey from . Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that would give a balanced view of Hittite religion are lacking among the tablets recovered at the Hittite capital Hattusa and other Hittite sites. Thus, "there are no canonical scriptures, no theological disquisitions or discourses, no aids to private devotion". Some religious documents formed part of the corpus with which young scribes were trained, and have survived, most of them dating from the last several decades before the final burning of the sites. The scribes in the royal administration, some of whose archives survive, were a bureaucracy, organizing and maintaining royal responsibilities in areas that would be considered part of religion today: temple organization, cultic administration, reports of diviners, make up the main body of sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidemarie Koch
Heidemarie Koch (17 December 1943 – 28 January 2022) was a German Iranologist. Life and career Koch was born in Merseburg, Saxony, Prussia, Germany. She studied mathematics as her major between 1963 and 1966. Subsequently, she worked as a teacher in Hanover, Lower Saxony, West Germany, until 1972. In 1972, she started Iranian studies at the University of Göttingen and received her doctorate in 1976. The topic of her dissertation under Walther Hinz wer the religious conditions under Darius I, based on Elamite tablets of Persepolis ("Die religiösen Verhältnisse der Dareioszeit. Untersuchungen an Hand der elamischen Persepolistäfelchen."). Koch took as her minor subjects Classical archaeology, Byzantine art history, and Christian archaeology. From 1977 to 1986 she was employed at the Department of Iranian Studies and Near Eastern Archaeology at the University of Göttingen. In 1986, at the University of Marburg, she worked on the topics of labour administration and the econo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkert Haas
Volkert may refer to: People *Edward Charles Volkert (1871–1935), American painter *Georg Volkert (1945–2020), German footballer * Stephan Volkert (born 1971), German rower *Volkert Doeksen (born 1963), Dutch money manager *Volkert van der Graaf (born 1969), Dutch assassin *Volkert Kraeft (born 1941), German actor *Volkert Merl (born 1940), German racing driver *Volkert Overlander (1570–1630), Dutch noble, jurist, ship-owner and merchant *Volkert Simon Maarten van der Willigen (1822–1878), Dutch mathematician and physicist Companies *Volkert, Inc., a consulting firm headquartered in Mobile, Alabama Buildings *Volkert Van Buren House Volkert Van Buren House is a historic home located near Fulton, Oswego County, New York, Fulton in Oswego County, New York. It is a Federal architecture, Federal style structure constructed about 1832. ''See also:'' It was listed on the Nation ..., historic home in Oswego County, New York Surnames from given names {{Disambiguation, gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Solar Deities
A solar deity is a deity who represents the Sun, or an aspect of it, usually by its perceived power and strength. Solar deities and Sun worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The following is a list of solar deities: African * Anyanwu, Igbo god believed to dwell in the Sun * Magec, Tenerife goddess of the Sun and light * Mawu, Dahomey goddess associated with the Sun and the Moon * uMvelinqangi, Xhosa and Zulu people's god of the Sun and sky * iNyanga, Zulu people, goddess of the Moon * Ukhulukhulwanaa star, Zulu people's ancestor who came from the stars. He taught them to build huts and taught them the high laws of isiNtu Egyptian mythology * Amun, creator deity sometimes identified as a Sun god * Aten, god of the Sun, the visible disc of the Sun * Atum, the "finisher of the world" who represents the Sun as it sets * Bast, cat goddess associated with the Sun * Hathor, mother of Horus and Ra and goddess of the Sun * Horus, god of the sky who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kizzuwatna
Kizzuwatna (or Kizzuwadna; in Ancient Egyptian ''Kode'' or ''Qode''), was an ancient Anatolian kingdom in the 2nd millennium BC. It was situated in the highlands of southeastern Anatolia, near the Gulf of İskenderun, in modern-day Turkey. It encircled the Taurus Mountains and the Ceyhan River. The centre of the kingdom was the city of Kummanni, in the highlands. In a later era, the same region was known as Cilicia. Land The country possessed valuable resources, such as silver mines in the Taurus Mountains. The slopes of the mountain range are still partly covered by woods. Annual winter rains made agriculture possible in the area at a very early date (see Çatalhöyük). The plains at the lower course of the Ceyhan River provided rich cultivated fields. People Several ethnic groups coexisted in the Kingdom of Kizzuwatna. The Hurrians inhabited this area at least since the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The Hittite expansion in the early Old Kingdom period (under Hat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zippalanda
Zippalanda was a Hattic administrative and religious center of the Hittite Old Kingdom. Although its name was known from inscriptions, it was not until the latter 20th century that scholars placed it in Sorgun District of Yozgat Province, Turkey, near Kerkenes Dağ (Kerkenes Mountain often identified with Mount Daha (Mount Taha)), about one day's journey north of Ankuwa (present-day Alışar Höyük). History Zippalanda was one of the ancient Hattic religious centers (''šiunan'' URU "city of the gods") that retained privileges in the Old Kingdom. These also included Arinna and Nerik; early on, Hattusa was added to these as well. Also toward the end of the Hittite Empire, after Muwatalli II moved the Hittite capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa, this also became a sacred city. The Hittite king participated in official religious ceremonies such as the '' purulli''-festival, spring and autumn Imperial festivals, the festival of the month, and possibly the hunting festival (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerik
Nerik ( Hittite: ''Nerik(ka)''"Nerik(ka)." ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie.'') was a Bronze Age settlement to the north of the Hittite capitals Hattusa and Sapinuwa, probably in the Pontic region. Since 2005–2009, the site of Nerik has been identified as Oymaağaç Höyük, on the eastern side of the Kızılırmak River, northwest of Vezirköprü. The Hittites held it as sacred to a Storm-god who was the son of Wurušemu, Sun-goddess of Arinna. The weather god is associated or identified with Mount Zaliyanu near Nerik, responsible for bestowing rain on the city. Nerik was founded by Hattic language speakers as Narak; in the Hattusa archive, tablet CTH 737 records a Hattic incantation for a festival there. Under Hattusili I, the Nesite-speaking Hittites took over Nerik. They maintained a spring festival called "Puruli" in honor of the Storm-god of Nerik. In it, the celebrants recited the myth of the slaying of Illuyanka. Under Hantili, Nerik was ruined and the Hittites h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankuwa
Ankuwa was an ancient Hattian and Hittite settlement in central Anatolia. Along with Hattusa and Katapa, it was one of the capitals from which the Hittite kings reigned during the year. Travelling from Hattusa, the royal entourage would arrive at Imralla on the first night, Hobigassa on the second, and Ankuwa on the third. The settlement has been linked to modern Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ... for etymological reasons, but Hittite sources have been discovered to place the settlement along the southern bend of the Marrassandtiya River, the modern Kızılırmak. Alishar Hüyük has also been suggested as a location. Sources * "Ankuva." ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie.'' erman. Hittite cities Hattian cities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
