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Stemmeries
A stemmery is a building where tobacco leaves are stripped for the production of tobacco products. The name is an Americanism dating to the mid-late 1850s. Stemmeries often employed African-American laborers. Labor issues Many stemmery workers were African Americans from the antebellum period (when slaves were used) to the post-Civil War era, when African-American workers were employed for the lower-waged and lower-skilled work carried out at stemmeries. The work was typically seasonal following the tobacco harvest. In 1942, African-American workers at Larus and Brother Company tried to negotiate better pay through their union representative, but the company fended off the discrimination claim by saying that, while these workers made less than white workers, they performed a different job function, as they were confined to working in the stemmery rather than in the main factory. The segregated work structure and uneven pay scale was allowed to continue. Moranda Smith, a labor orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moranda Smith
Moranda Smith was a black labor organizer and unionist who served as the first regional director of Winston-Salem, North Carolina's local 22 of the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA) in the 1930 and 1940s. Career Born of a sharecropping family in South Carolina, Smith led thousands of Winston-Salem workers to win $1,250,000 in back pay in the leaf houses and stemmeries. In 1943, after a Black worker fell dead at a Reynolds Tobacco Company plant, Smith, along with thousands of other Black women, participated in a spontaneous sit-down leading to a massive walkout forcing Reynolds to temporarily shut down. Her leadership at the local 22 saw a 50% rise of minimum wages. The union also increased voter registration in the area, leading to the election of the first Black alderman in the South. Throughout her career as a unionist, Smith worked extensively, "openly defying" the Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Kl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owensboro
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Daviess County, Kentucky, United States. It is the fourth-largest city in the state by population. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas. History Evidence of Native American settlement in the area dates back 12,000 years. Following a series of failed uprisings with British support, however, the last Shawnee were forced to vacate the area before the end of the 18th century. The first European descendant to settle in Owensboro was frontiersman William Smeathers or Smothers in 1797, for whom the riverfront park is named. The settlement was originally kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ALLEY BETWEEN NORTH SIDE OF STEMMERY (LEFT) AND BONDED WAREHOUSE (RIGHT), LOOKING WEST - Ybor Cigar Factory, 1916 North Fourteenth Street, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL HABS FLA,29-TAMP,19-23
An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane, path, or passageway, often reserved for pedestrians, which usually runs between, behind, or within buildings in the older parts of towns and cities. It is also a rear access or service road (back lane), or a path, walk, or avenue (French allée) in a park or garden. A covered alley or passageway, often with shops, may be called an arcade. The origin of the word alley is late Middle English, from fro, alee "walking or passage", from ' "to go", from la, ambulare "to walk". Definition The word alley is used in two main ways: # It can refer to a narrow, usually paved, pedestrian path, often between the walls of buildings in towns and cities. This type is usually short and straight, and on steep ground can consist partially or entirely of steps. # It also describes a very narrow, urban street, or lane, usually paved, which may be used by slow-moving local traffic, though more pedestrian-friendly than a regular street. There are two ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the chief commercial crop is ''N. tabacum''. The more potent variant ''N. rustica'' is also used in some countries. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking in cigarettes and cigars, as well as pipes and shishas. They can also be consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus. Tobacco contains the highly addictive stimulant alkaloid nicotine as well as harmala alkaloids. Tobacco use is a cause or risk factor for many deadly diseases, especially those affecting the heart, liver, and lungs, as well as many cancers. In 2008, the World Health Organization named tobacco use as the world's single greatest preventable cause of death. Etymology The English word ''tobacco'' originates from the Spanish word "tabaco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African-American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of Slavery in the United States, enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. African Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the U.S. after White Americans, as well as the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West Africa, West/Central Africa, Central African with some European descent; some also have Native Americans in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antebellum South
In History of the Southern United States, the history of the Southern United States, the Antebellum Period (from la, ante bellum, lit=Status quo ante bellum, before the war) spanned the Treaty of Ghent, end of the War of 1812 to the start of the American Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum South was characterized by the Slavery in the United States, use of slavery and the Culture of the Southern United States#History, culture it fostered. As the era proceeded, Southern intellectuals and leaders gradually shifted from portraying slavery as an embarrassing and temporary system, to a full-on defense of Slavery as a positive good in the United States, slavery as a positive good, and harshly criticized the budding Abolitionism in the United States, abolitionist movement. The economy was largely plantation based, and dependent on exports. Society was stratified, inegalitarian, and perceived by immigrants as lacking in opportunities. Consequently the manufacturing base lagged behind t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Decades of political controversy over slavery were brought to a head by the victory in the 1860 U.S. presidential election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery's expansion into the west. An initial seven southern slave states responded to Lincoln's victory by seceding from the United States and, in 1861, forming the Confederacy. The Confederacy seized U.S. forts and other federal assets within their borders. Led by Confederate President Jefferson Davis, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larus And Brother Company
Larus and Brother Company (1877–1968) was a diversified tobacco company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. The company manufactured pipe tobacco, cigarettes, and charcoal. It also operated local radio and television stations. History Charles D. Larus and Herbert C. Larus purchased the Richmond-based Harris Tobacco Company and founded Larus and Brother Company in 1877. They manufactured pipe and chewing tobacco. In 1882, Herbert Clinton Larus died and William Thomas Reed, his nephew, became the company's partner and general manager. For the rest of its history, the company was led by members of the Reed and Larus families. The company was dissolved on June 10, 1968. Larus Investing Company, a holding company, was established for the tobacco and media businesses. The tobacco subsidiary, Larus and Brother Company, was sold later that year. In 1969, the last media subsidiary was sold. The Virginia Historical Society holds Larus and Brother Company records at the Reynolds Business ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winston-Salem
Winston-Salem is a city and the county seat of Forsyth County, North Carolina, United States. In the 2020 census, the population was 249,545, making it the second-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad region, the 5th most populous city in North Carolina, the third-largest urban area in North Carolina, and the 90th most populous city in the United States. With a metropolitan population of 679,948 it is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North Carolina. Winston-Salem is home to the tallest office building in the region, 100 North Main Street, formerly known as the Wachovia Building and now known locally as the Wells Fargo Center. In 2003, the Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point metropolitan statistical area was redefined by the OMB and separated into the two major metropolitan areas of Winston-Salem and Greensboro-High Point. The population of the Winston-Salem metropolitan area in 2020 was 679,948. The metro area covers over 2,000 square miles and spans the five cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ybor Cigar Factory, 1916 North Fourteenth Street, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL HABS FLA,29-TAMP,19- (sheet 1 Of 13)
Ybor City ( ) is a historic neighborhood just northeast of downtown Tampa, Florida, United States. It was founded in the 1880s by Vicente Martinez-Ybor and other cigar manufacturers and populated by thousands of immigrants, mainly from Cuba, Spain, and Italy. For the next 50 years, workers in Ybor City's cigar factories rolled hundreds of millions of cigars annually. Ybor City was unique in the American South as a successful town almost entirely populated and owned by immigrants. The neighborhood had features unusual among contemporary communities in the south, most notably its multiethnic and multiracial population and their many mutual aid societies. The cigar industry employed thousands of well-paid workers, helping Tampa grow from an economically depressed village to a bustling city in about 20 years and giving it the nickname "Cigar City". Ybor City grew and flourished from the 1890s until the Great Depression of the 1930s, when a drop in demand for fine cigars reduced the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Tobacco Works Branch Stemmery
The National Tobacco Works Branch Stemmery is a stemmery in Louisville, Kentucky, located at 2410-18 W. Main St. It was built in 1898 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building was designed by D.X. Murphy & Brothers; D.X. Murphy also designed the Jefferson County Jail (Louisville, Kentucky) and the Jefferson Branch Library. It was part of Louisville's National Tobacco Works, a large manufacturer of chewing tobacco. It was later the Hubbuch In Kentucky Service Center. With See also * National Tobacco Works, also NRHP-listed in Louisville *National Tobacco Works Branch Drying House National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce ..., also NRHP-listed in Louisville References Industrial buildings completed in 1898 National Register ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Cigar Company (Norfolk, Virginia)
American Cigar Company are two historic cigar factory buildings located at Norfolk, Virginia. The buildings were built about 1903 and consist of a stemmery and the boiler room. Albert F. Huntt is credited as the architect. The American Cigar Co. was created in 1901 as a subsidiary of the American Tobacco Company. an''Accompanying four photos''/ref> It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The stemmery is a four-story, rectangular brick building on a concrete foundation. It has a flat roof and corbelled cornice In architecture, a cornice (from the Italian ''cornice'' meaning "ledge") is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a building or furniture element—for example, the cornice over a door or window, around the top edge of a .... The boiler room building is a two-story, three-bay, brick building on a brick foundation. References Historic cigar factories Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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