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Signal Fly
The Platystomatidae (signal flies) are a distinctive family of flies (Diptera) in the superfamily Tephritoidea. Signal flies are worldwide in distribution, found in all the biogeographic realms, but predominate in the tropics. It is one of the larger families of acalyptrate Diptera with around 1200 species in 127 genera. Biology Adults are found on tree trunks and foliage and are attracted to flowers, decaying fruit, excrement, sweat, and decomposing snails. Larvae are found on fresh and decaying vegetation, carrion, human corpses, and root nodules, particularly in the genus ''Rivellia'', which has economic implications for legume crops. Larvae from the remaining genera are either phytophagous (eating plant material) or saprophagous (eating decomposing organic matter). Some are predatory on other insects and others have been found in human lesions, while others are of minor agricultural significance. Family description For terms see Morphology of Diptera Signal flies are ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platystoma Seminationis
''Platystoma seminationis'', the dancing "kiss fly", is a species of fly in the family Platystomatidae, meaning ''big mouths''. Subspecies Subspecies include: * ''Platystoma seminationis angustipenne'' Loew, 1854 * ''Platystoma seminationis bisetum'' Loew, 1868 * ''Platystoma seminationis frauenfeldi'' Nowicki, 1867 * ''Platystoma seminationis rufimanum'' Loew, 1873 * ''Platystoma seminationis seminationis'' (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution This species is present in most of Europe (Austria, Belgium, United Kingdom, Russia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands and Ukraine) and in the Near East. It is adventive in North America. Habitat These flies inhabit forest fringes or hedges, primarily on low herbaceous vegetation in shady places. Description ''Platystoma seminationis'' can reach a body length of . In these flies the interocular space and the epistomes are black and the eyes are reddish-brow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agonistic Behaviour
Agonistic behaviour is any social behaviour related to fighting. The term has broader meaning than aggressive behaviour because it includes threats, displays, retreats, placation, and conciliation. The term "agonistic behaviour" was first implemented by J.P Scott and Emil Fredericson in 1951 in their paper "The Causes of Fighting in Mice and Rats" in ''Physiological Zoology.'' wiktionary:agonistic, Agonistic behaviour is seen in many animal species because resources including food, shelter, and mates are often limited. Some forms of agonistic behaviour are between contestants who are competing for access to the same resources, such as food or mates. Other times, it involves tests of strength or threat display that make animals look large and more physically fit, a display that may allow it to gain the resource before an actual battle takes place. Although agonistic behaviour varies among species, agonistic interaction consists of three kinds of behaviours: #Threats, threat, #Agonis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachycera Families
The Brachycera are a suborder (biology), suborder of the order Diptera. It is a major suborder consisting of around 120 Family (biology), families. Their most distinguishing characteristic is reduced antenna (biology), antenna segmentation. Description A summary of the main physical characteristics is: * antenna (biology), Antenna size (with eight or fewer flagellomeres) is reduced. * The maxilla (arthropod mouthpart), maxillary palp (an elongated appendage near the mouth) has two segments or fewer. * The back portions of the larval head capsule extend into the prothorax (the anterior part of the thorax, which bears the first pair of legs). * Two distinct parts make up of the larval Mandible (insect mouthpart), mandible (lower jaw). * The epandrium and hypandrium of the genitalia are separated in males. * No premandible is present on the lower surface of the Insect mouthparts, labrum (the roof of the mouth). * The configuration of the CuA2 and A1 wing wing vein, veins is distinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platystomatidae
The Platystomatidae (signal flies) are a distinctive family of flies (Diptera) in the superfamily Tephritoidea. Signal flies are worldwide in distribution, found in all the biogeographic realms, but predominate in the tropics. It is one of the larger families of acalyptrate Diptera with around 1200 species in 127 genera. Biology Adults are found on tree trunks and foliage and are attracted to flowers, decaying fruit, excrement, sweat, and decomposing snails. Larvae are found on fresh and decaying vegetation, carrion, human corpses, and root nodules, particularly in the genus ''Rivellia'', which has economic implications for legume crops. Larvae from the remaining genera are either phytophagous (eating plant material) or saprophagous (eating decomposing organic matter). Some are predatory on other insects and others have been found in human lesions, while others are of minor agricultural significance. Family description For terms see Morphology of Diptera Signal flies are very ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consortium For The Barcode Of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. Barcoding was proposed in 2003 by Prof. Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph in Ontario as a way of distinguishing and identifying species with a short standardized gene sequence. Hebert proposed the 658 bases of the Folmer region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome-C oxidase-1 as the standard barcode region. Hebert is the Director of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, and the International Barcode of Life Project (iBOL), all headquartered at the University of Guelph. The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) is also located at the University of Guelph. CBOL was created in May 2004 with support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Platystomatidae Genera
These 127 genera belong to the family Platystomatidae, signal flies. There are at least 1,100 described species in Platystomatidae. Platystomatidae genera * '' Achias'' Fabricius, 1805 * '' Aetha'' McAlpine, 2001 * '' Agadasys'' Whittington, 2000 * '' Aglaioptera'' Frey, 1964 * '' Agrochira'' Enderlein, 1911 * '' Amphicnephes'' Loew, 1873 * '' Angelopteromyia'' Korneyev, 2001 * '' Angitula'' Walker, 1859 * '' Antineura'' Osten Sacken, 1881 * '' Apactoneura'' Malloch, 1930 * '' Apiola'' McAlpine, 1973 * '' Asyntona'' Osten Sacken, 1881 * '' Atopocnema'' Enderlein, 1922 * '' Atopognathus'' Bigot, 1881 * ''Bama'' McAlpine, 2001 * '' Boisduvalia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 * '' Brea'' Walker, 1859 * '' Bromophila'' Loew, 1873 * '' Carolimyia'' Malloch, 1931 * '' Chaetorivellia'' de Meijere, 1913 * '' Cladoderris'' Bezzi, 1914 * '' Cleitamia'' Macquart, 1835 * '' Cleitamoides'' Malloch, 1939 * '' Clitodoca'' Loew, 1873 * '' Coelocephala'' Karsch, 1888 * '' Conicipithea'' H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulidiidae
The Ulidiidae (formerly Otitidae) or picture-winged flies are a large and diverse cosmopolitan family of flies (Diptera), and as in related families, most species are herbivorous or detritivorous. They are often known as picture-winged flies, along with members of other families in the superfamily Tephritoidea that have patterns of bands or spots on the wings. Some species share with the Tephritidae an unusual elongated posteroapical projection of the anal cell in the wing, but can be differentiated by the smoothly curving subcostal vein. Two species, '' Tetanops myopaeformis'' and '' Euxesta stigmatias'', are agricultural pests. Systematics The Ulidiidae are divided into two subfamilies. Subfamily Otitinae ;Tribe Cephaliini Schiner, 1864 :*'' Acrostictella'' Hendel, 1914 :*'' Cephalia'' Meigen, 1826 :*'' Delphinia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 :*''Myiomyrmica'' Steyskal, 1961 :*''Myrmecothea'' Hendel, 1910 :*'' Proteseia'' Korneyev & Hernandes, 1998 :*'' Pterotaenia'' R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tephritidae
The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus ''Drosophila'' (in the family Drosophilidae), which is often called the "common fruit fly". Nearly 5,000 described species of tephritid fruit fly are categorized in almost 500 genera of the Tephritidae. Description, recategorization, and genetic analyses are constantly changing the taxonomy of this family. To distinguish them from the Drosophilidae, the Tephritidae are sometimes called peacock flies, in reference to their elaborate and colorful markings. The name comes from the Greek τεφρος, ''tephros'', meaning "ash grey". They are found in all the biogeographic realms. Description For terms see Morphology of Diptera anTephritidae glossary Tephritids are small to medium-sized (2.5–10 mm) flies that are often colourful, and usually with pictured wings, the subcostal ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophilidae
The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes species called fruit flies, although they are more accurately referred to as vinegar or pomace flies. Another distantly related family of flies, Tephritidae, are true fruit flies because they are frugivorous, and include apple maggot flies and many pests. The best known species of the Drosophilidae is ''Drosophila melanogaster'', within the genus ''Drosophila'', also called the "fruit fly." ''Drosophila melanogaster'' is used extensively for studies concerning genetics, development, physiology, ecology and behaviour. Many fundamental biological mechanisms were discovered first in ''D. melanogaster.'' The fruit fly is mostly composed of post-mitotic cells, has a very short lifespan, and shows gradual aging. As in other species, temperature influences the life history of the animal. Several genes have been identified that can be manipulated to extend the lifespan of these insects. Additionally, ''Drosophi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clusiidae
Clusiidae or "druid flies" is a family of small (~ 3.5 mm), thin, yellow to black acalyptrate flies with a characteristic antenna (The second segment of the antennae has a triangular projection over the third segment when viewed from the outside) and with the wing usually partially infuscated. They have a cylindrical body. The head is round, the vertical plate reaches the anterior margin of the frons and the vibrissae on the head are large. The costa is interrupted near subcosta and the latter developed throughout length. Larvae are found in the bark of trees, the flies on trunks. The larvae are notable for their ability to jump. Males of many species in the subfamily Clusiodinae have been observed while engaged in lekking behaviour. There are hundreds of species in 14 genera found in all the Ecoregions, although most species occur in tropical regions. The type genus is ''Clusia'' Haliday, 1838. Genera *Subfamily Clusiinae Frey, 1960 :*''Clusia ''Clusia'' is the ty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas '' homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diopsidae
Stalk-eyed flies are insects of the fly family Diopsidae. The family is distinguished from most other flies by most members of the family possessing "eyestalks": projections from the sides of the head with the eyes at the end. Some fly species from other families such as Drosophilidae, Platystomatidae, Richardiidae, and Tephritidae have similar heads, but the unique character of the Diopsidae is that their antennae are located on the stalk, rather than in the middle of the head as in all other flies. Stalked eyes are present in all members of the subfamily Diopsinae, but are absent in the Centrioncinae, which retain unstalked eyes similar to those of other flies. The stalked eyes are usually sexually dimorphic, with eyestalks present but shorter in females. The stalk-eyed flies are up to a centimeter long, and they feed on both decaying plants and animals. Their unique morphology has inspired research into how the attribute may have arisen through forces of sexual selection and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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