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Rue De Richelieu
The Rue de Richelieu is a long street of Paris, starting in the south of the 1st arrondissement at the Comédie-Française and ending in the north of the 2nd arrondissement. For the first half of the 19th century, before Georges-Eugène Haussmann redefined Paris with grand boulevards, it was one of the most fashionable streets of Paris. It is most notable for scattered coin dealers and currency changers, being near the Paris Bourse, the stock market. Name The street is named for the Cardinal de Richelieu, chief minister of Louis XIII from 1624 to 1642. The street was originally called the Rue Royale and then Rue de Richelieu soon after. The name was changed to the Rue de la Loi during the French Revolution; its name was restored to Richelieu in 1806. Buildings of note * Palais-Royal, a Richelieu residence (''Monument historique'') * Bibliothèque nationale de France, a historical building (''Site Richelieu'') (''Monument historique'') * Comédie-Française, main hall (Salle R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliothèque Nationale De France
The Bibliothèque nationale de France (, 'National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including books and manuscripts but also precious objects and artworks, are on display at the BnF Museum (formerly known as the ) on the Richelieu site. The National Library of France is a public establishment under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Its mission is to constitute collections, especially the copies of works published in France that must, by law, be deposited there, conserve them, and make them available to the public. It produces a reference catalogue, cooperates with other national and international establishments, and participates in research programs. History The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palais-Royal
The Palais-Royal () is a former royal palace located in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. The screened entrance court faces the Place du Palais-Royal, opposite the Louvre. Originally called the Palais-Cardinal, it was built for Cardinal Richelieu from about 1633 to 1639 by the architect Jacques Lemercier. Richelieu bequeathed it to Louis XIII, and Louis XIV gave it to his younger brother, the Duke of Orléans. As the succeeding dukes of Orléans made such extensive alterations over the years, almost nothing remains of Lemercier's original design. The Palais-Royal now serves as the seat of the Ministry of Culture, the Conseil d'État and the Constitutional Council. The central Palais-Royal Garden (Jardin du Palais-Royal) serves as a public park, and the arcade houses shops. History Palais-Cardinal Originally called the Palais-Cardinal, the palace was the personal residence of Cardinal Richelieu. The architect Jacques Lemercier began his design in 1629; construction co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hôtel Tubeuf
The Hôtel Tubeuf or Hôtel Duret-de-Chevry is a ''hôtel particulier'' located at 8 Rue des Petits Champs in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. It was built in 1635 to the designs of the French architect Jean Thiriot for , president of the . It was unfinished, when in 1641 it was purchased by the financier Jacques Tubeuf, who sold it to Cardinal Mazarin in 1649. The latter expanded it and combined it with adjacent ''hôtels'', creating the Palais Mazarin, which in 1721 became the Bibliothèque du Roi (King's Library).Ayers 2004, pp. 57–58. The Hôtel Tubeuf is now part of the complex of buildings forming the Richelieu site of the Bibliothèque nationale de France and was declared a '' monument historique'' in 1983. The Hôtel Tubeuf is a typical ''hôtel particulier'' with a central ''corps de logis'' set between an entrance courtyard and a garden. The entrance courtyard is on the south side and was formerly enclosed on all sides. The street entrance seen today was constructed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna Bread
Vienna bread is a type of bread that is produced from a process developed in Vienna, Austria, in the 19th century. The Vienna process used high milling of Hungarian grain, and cereal press-yeast for leavening. History In the 19th century, for the first time, bread was made only from beer yeast and new dough rather than a sourdough starter. The first known example of this was the sweet-fermented Imperial " Kaiser-Semmel" roll of the Vienna bakery at the Paris International Exposition of 1867. These sweet-fermented rolls lacked the acid sourness typical of lactobacillus, and were said to be popular and in high demand. Prior to this time, bakers had been using old-dough leavens, and they had discovered that increasing the starter's rest intervals between refreshment promoted more yeast growth and less gas production due to overwhelming lactobacillus numbers. At some point bakers began to add brewer's yeast, or beer yeast or barm, to the refreshments which produced a whiter, swee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Zang
August Zang (; 2 August 1807 – 4 March 1888) was an Austrian entrepreneur who founded the Viennese daily ''Die Presse''. He also had a major influence on French baking methods. Soldier and baker The son of Christophe Boniface Zang, a Vienna surgeon, August Zang became an artillery officer before he went to Paris, probably in 1837, to found a bakery, Boulangerie Viennoise, which opened in 1838 or 1839.The 1839 date and most of what follows regarding Zang's role in baking are documented in Jim Chevallier, "August Zang and the French Croissant: How Viennoiserie Came to France", p. 3–30. For the 1838 date, seGiles MacDonogh "Reflections on the Third Meditation of La Physiologie du goût and Slow Food". (p. 8); an Austrian PowerPoint �Ess-Stile– gives the date of 1840 (slide 46). The bakery itself later claimed that it had been founded that year, but earlier references have been documented. The bakery was quickly imitated, and its Austrian kipfel became the French croissant. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viennoiserie
''Viennoiseries'' (, "things of Vienna") are baked goods made from a yeast- leavened dough in a manner similar to bread, or from puff pastry, but with added ingredients (particularly eggs, butter, milk, cream and sugar), which give them a richer, sweeter character that approaches that of pastry. The dough is often laminated. ''Viennoiseries'' are typically eaten at breakfast or as snacks. Types Examples include croissants; Vienna bread and its French equivalent, ''pain viennois'', often shaped into baguettes; brioche; ''pain au chocolat''; ''pain au lait''; ''pain aux raisins''; '' chouquettes''; Danish pastries; xuixo; ''bugnes''; and '' chausson aux pommes''. History The popularity of Viennese-style baked goods in France began with the Boulangerie Viennoise, which was opened by August Zang in 1839. The first usage of the expression ''pâtisseries viennoises'' appeared in 1877 in a book by the French author Alphonse Daudet, ''Le Nabab''. However, the use of puff pastry came la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fauré Le Page
Fauré Le Page () is a French firearms manufacturer (arquebusier and fourbisseur) established in Paris in 1716. Founded by Louis Pigny, the company remained in the same family until 1913. Throughout its history, the manufacturer was successively called Pigny, Le Page, Le Page Moutier, and finally settled on Fauré Le Page in 1865. The company, which had long made holsters and gun bags, now also makes organizers and handbags. History Louis Pigny The firearms manufacturer Louis Pigny opened shop in 1717 at Rue Baillif (today Rue des Bons-Enfants) in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. He received two royal warrants from King Louis XV in 1735 and 1756. He passed on his business to Pierre Le Page (or Lepage) who married his niece. Pierre Le Page (1709–83) Le Page's time (1743–79) secured the House of Orléans as one of the company's distinguished clients. He was born in Normandy and he arrived in Paris in 1723.Quoted by Jean-Jacques Buigné, ''Op. cit.'', p. 255. He started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salle Richelieu
The Salle Richelieu () is the principal theatre of the Comédie-Française. It is located in the Palais-Royal in the first arrondissement of Paris and was originally constructed in 1786–1790 to the designs of the architect Victor Louis.Wild 1989, pp. 383–384. It seats 862 spectators. History For the auditorium of his earlier theatre, the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux (1773–1780), Victor Louis had combined the ancient semicircle with the ellipse giving a horseshoe plan and devised open balcony boxes, both features which he employed again in the Salle Richelieu (1786–1790), as well as in his later theatre, the Théâtre des Arts (1791–1793). As originally designed, the auditorium of the Salle Richelieu seated around 2,000 spectators. The site for the building was so constricted, he placed the entrance foyer under the auditorium. His design was also innovative for the use of an iron frame (under the roof, the floors and boxes), mainly for the purpose of fireproofing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monument Historique
''Monument historique'' () is a designation given to some national heritage sites in France. It may also refer to the state procedure in France by which National Heritage protection is extended to a building, a specific part of a building, a collection of buildings, a garden, a bridge, or other structure, because of their importance to France's architectural and historical cultural heritage. Both public and privately owned structures may be listed in this way, as well as movable objects. As of 2012 there were 44,236 monuments listed. The term "classification" is reserved for designation performed by the French Ministry of Culture for a monument of national-level significance. Monuments of lesser significance may be "inscribed" by various regional entities. Buildings may be given the classification (or inscription) for either their exteriors or interiors. A monument's designation could be for a building's décor, its furniture, a single room, or even a staircase. An example is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while phrases like ''liberté, égalité, fraternité'' reappeared in other revolts, such as the 1917 Russian Revolution, and inspired campaigns for the abolitionism, abolition of slavery and universal suffrage. The values and institutions it created dominate French politics to this day. Its Causes of the French Revolution, causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the ''Ancien Régime'' proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General of 1789, Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly (French Revolution), National Assembly in June. Contin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Arrondissement Of Paris
The 1st arrondissement of Paris (''Ier arrondissement'') is one of the 20 Arrondissements of Paris, arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is colloquially referred to as ''le premier'' (the first). It is governed locally together with the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, 2nd, 3rd arrondissement of Paris, 3rd and 4th arrondissement of Paris, 4th arrondissement, with which it forms the 1st sector of Paris (Paris Centre, Paris-Centre). Also known as ''Louvre'', the arrondissement is situated principally on the Rive Droite, right bank of the River Seine. It also includes the west end of the Île de la Cité. The locality is one of the oldest areas in Paris, the Île de la Cité having been the heart of the city of Lutetia, conquered by the Ancient Rome, Romans in 52 BC, while some parts on the right bank (including Les Halles) date back to the early Middle Ages. It is the least populated of the city's arrondissements and one of the smallest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_by_an_unknown_artist_(adjusted).jpg "Click for more on -> Palais-Royal")
