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Rex (king)
The Latin title ''rex'' has the meaning of "king, ruler" (monarch). It is derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₃rḗǵs''. Its cognates include Sanskrit ''rājan'', Gothic ''reiks'', and Old Irish '' rí'', etc. Its Greek equivalent is ''archon'' (ἄρχων), "leader, ruler, chieftain". The chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom was titled ''Rex Romae'' (King of Rome). Usage *Rex Catholicissimus (Most Catholic King), awarded by the Pope to the Spanish monarchs since 1493 *Romanorum Rex (King of the Romans), used by the German king since the 11th century *Rex Britanniae (King of Britain), Æthelbald of Mercia (737) *Rex Scottorum ( King of the Scots), used by the Scottish king between the 11th century and 1707 *Rex Sclavorum ( King of the Slavs), various Medieval Slavic rulers See also * R. *Reich * Dux *Basileus *Germanic king Germanic kingship is a thesis regarding the role of kings among the pre-Christianized Germanic tribes of the Migration period (c. 300–700 AD) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarch
A monarch is a head of stateWebster's II New College DictionarMonarch Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as ''the throne'' or ''the crown'') or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim themself monarch, which may be backed and legitimated through acclamation, right of conquest or a combination of means. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule. Monarchs' actual powers vary from one monarchy to another and in different eras; on one extreme, they m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Æthelbald Of Mercia
Æthelbald (also spelled Ethelbald or Aethelbald; died 757) was the King of Mercia, in what is now the English Midlands from 716 until he was killed in 757. Æthelbald was the son of Alweo and thus a grandson of King Eowa. Æthelbald came to the throne after the death of his cousin, King Ceolred, who had driven him into exile. During his long reign, Mercia became the dominant kingdom of the Anglo-Saxons, and recovered the position of pre-eminence it had enjoyed during the strong reigns of Mercian kings Penda and Wulfhere between about 628 and 675. When Æthelbald came to the throne, both Wessex and Kent were ruled by stronger kings, but within fifteen years the contemporary chronicler Bede describes Æthelbald as ruling all England south of the river Humber. The ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' does not list Æthelbald as a bretwalda, or "Ruler of Britain", though this may be due to the West Saxon origin of the ''Chronicle''. St. Boniface wrote to Æthelbald in about 745, reproving h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Historiography
Roman historiography stretches back to at least the 3rd century BC and was indebted to earlier Greek historiography. The Romans relied on previous models in the Greek tradition such as the works of Herodotus (c. 484 – 425 BC) and Thucydides (c. 460 – c. 395 BC). Roman historiographical forms are usually different from their Greek counterparts, however, and often emphasize Roman concerns. The Roman style of history was based on the way that the Annals of the Pontifex Maximus, or the '' Annales Maximi'', were recorded. The ''Annales Maximi'' include a wide array of information, including religious documents, names of consuls, deaths of priests, and various disasters throughout history. Also part of the Annales Maximi are the White Tablets, or the "Tabulae Albatae", which consist of information on the origin of the Roman Republic. During the Second Punic War with Carthage, Rome's earliest known annalists Quintus Fabius Pictor and Lucius Cincius Alimentus recorded history in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Words And Phrases
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanic King
Germanic kingship is a thesis regarding the role of kings among the pre-Christianized Germanic tribes of the Migration period (c. 300–700 AD) and Early Middle Ages (c. 700–1,000 AD). The thesis holds that the institution of feudal monarchy developed, through contact with the Roman Empire and the Christian Church, from an earlier custom of sacral and military kingship based on both birth status and consent from subjects. The term barbarian kingdom is used in the context of those Germanic rulers who after 476 AD and during the 6th century ruled territories formerly part of the Western Roman Empire, especially the Barbarian kings of Italy. In the same context, Germanic law is also derisively termed ''leges barbarorum'' "barbarian law" etc. The thesis of Germanic kingship appeared in the nineteenth century and was influential in the historiography of early medieval society, but has since come under criticism for drawing generalizations from limited evidence. Alleged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basileus
''Basileus'' ( el, ) is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs in history. In the English-speaking world it is perhaps most widely understood to mean " monarch", referring to either a " king" or an "emperor" and also by bishops of the Eastern orthodox church and Eastern Catholic Churches. The title was used by sovereigns and other persons of authority in ancient Greece, the Byzantine emperors, and the kings of modern Greece. The feminine forms are ''basileia'' (), ''basilis'' (), ''basilissa'' (), or the archaic ''basilinna'' (), meaning "queen" or "empress". Etymology The etymology of ''basileus'' is uncertain. The Mycenaean form was *''gʷasileus'' ( Linear B: , ''qa-si-re-u''), denoting some sort of court official or local chieftain, but not an actual king. Its hypothetical earlier Proto-Greek form would be *''gʷatileus''. Some linguists assume that it is a non-Greek word that was adopted by Bronze Age Greeks from a pre-existing linguist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reich
''Reich'' (; ) is a German noun whose meaning is analogous to the meaning of the English word "realm"; this is not to be confused with the German adjective "reich" which means "rich". The terms ' (literally the "realm of an emperor") and ' (literally the "realm of a king") are respectively used in German in reference to empires and kingdoms. The '' Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary'' indicates that in English usage, the term " the Reich" refers to "Germany during the period of Nazi control from 1933 to 1945". The term '' Deutsches Reich'' (sometimes translated to "German Empire") continued to be used even after the collapse of the German Empire and the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. There was no emperor, but many Germans had imperialistic ambitions. According to Richard J. Evans: The continued use of the term 'German Empire', ''Deutsches Reich,'' by the Weimar Republic ... conjured up an image among educated Germans that resonated far beyond the institutional stru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of The Slavs
King of the Slavs ( la, rex Sclavorum, Sclavorum rex) was a title denoting some Slavic rulers, as well as Germanic rulers that conquered Slavs, in the Middle Ages in European sources, such as Papal correspondence. Papal use is bolded. ;Slavic *Samo, ruler of Slavs (623–658); in the Frankish Annals * Drogoviz, ruler of the Veleti (789); in ''Annales Mettenses priores'' in 805 *Trpimir I, ruler of Croatia (845–864); erroneously by Gottschalk in the 840s * Svatopluk I of Moravia, ruler of Moravia (870–894); by Pope Stephen V in 885 * Michael, ruler of Zahumlje (913–926); erroneously in the '' Annales Barenses'' *Mihailo Vojislavljević, ruler of Duklja (1050–1081); by Pope Gregory VII in 1077 * Bodin Vojislavljević, ruler of Duklja (1081–1101); by the chronicle of Orderic Vitalis, relating to events of 1096 *Stefan Dragutin, ruler of Serbia (1276–1282) and Syrmia (1282–1316); by Pope Nicholas IV in 1288 ;Non-Slavic *Canute Lavard, Danish prince (1120–1131); by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of The Scots
The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots was Kenneth I MacAlpin (), who founded the state in 843. Historically, the Kingdom of Scotland is thought to have grown out of an earlier "Kingdom of the Picts" (and later the Kingdom of Strathclyde that was conquered in the 11th century, becoming part of the new Kingdom of Scotland) though in reality the distinction is a product of later medieval myth and confusion from a change in nomenclature i.e. ('King of the Picts') becomes (King of Alba) under Donald II when annals switched from Latin to vernacular around the end of the 9th century, by which time the word in Scottish Gaelic had come to refer to the Kingdom of the Picts rather than Britain (its older meaning). The Kingdom of the Picts just became known as the Kingdom of Alba in Scottish Gaelic, which later became known in Scots and English as ''Scotland''; the terms are retained in both languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of The Romans
King of the Romans ( la, Rex Romanorum; german: König der Römer) was the title used by the king of Germany following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward. The title originally referred to any German king between his election until his being crowned Emperor by the Pope. The title was also used to designate the successor to the throne elected during the lifetime of a sitting Emperor. From the 16th century onwards, as German kings adopted the title of Emperor-elect and ceased to be crowned by the Pope, the title continued to be used solely for a elected successor to the throne during his predecessor's lifetime. The actual title varied over time. During the Ottonian period, it was King of the Franks (German: ''König der Franken'', Latin: ''Rex Francorum''), from the late Salian period it was King of the Romans (German: ''König der Römer'', Lat.: ''Rex Romanorum''). In the Modern Period, the title King in Germania (German: ''König in G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter languages, and many of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result. PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 4500 BC to 2500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rex Catholicissimus
The Latin title ''Rex Catholicissimus'', Anglicized as ''Most Catholic King'' or ''Most Catholic Majesty'', was awarded by the Pope to the Sovereigns of Spain. It was first used by Pope Alexander VI in the papal bull '' Inter caetera'' in 1493. The best-known example of this title is the Catholic Monarchs (''Los Reyes Católicos''), used solely in reference to Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Neither King Juan Carlos I nor Felipe VI have made use of the title, but they have not renounced it either. Similar titles The monarchs of other countries have received similar titles from the pope: * Hungary: ''Apostolic Majesty'' (Awarded about 1000.) * France: '' Most Christian Majesty'' (Awarded about 1380.) * England: ''Defender of the Faith'' (Awarded in 1521. Revoked about 1530. Continued to be used by the British Monarch.) * Portugal: ''Most Faithful Majesty Most Faithful Majesty ( pt, Sua Majestade Fidelíssima) was the title used by the Portuguese monarchs, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
