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Racemorphan
Racemorphan, or morphanol, is the racemic mixture of the two stereoisomers of 17-methylmorphinan-3-ol, each with differing pharmacology and effects: * Dextrorphan - an antitussive and dissociative hallucinogen ( NMDA receptor antagonist) * Levorphanol - an opioid analgesic Racemorphan itself is under international control per the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is therefore listed as a Schedule II Narcotic controlled substance in the US Controlled Substances Act 1970; it has an ACSCN of 9733 and in 2014 it had an aggregate annual manufacturing quota of zero. The salts in use are hydrobromide (free base conversion ratio 0.741), hydrochloride (0.876), and tartrate (0.632). See also * Levallorphan * Methorphan * Morphinan * Cyclorphan See also * Cough syrup * Noscapine * Codeine; Pholcodine * Dextromethorphan; Dimemorfan * Dextrorphan; Levorphanol * Butamirate * Pentoxyverine Pentoxyverine ( rINN) or carbetapentane is an antitussive (cough suppressant) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levorphanol
Levorphanol (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of the compound racemorphan. Its dextrorotatory counterpart is dextrorphan. It was first described in Germany in 1946. The drug has been in medical use in the United States since 1953. Pharmacology Levorphanol acts predominantly as an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), but is also an agonist of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR), κ-opioid receptor (KOR), and the nociceptin receptor (NOP), as well as an NMDA receptor antagonist and a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Levorphanol, similarly to certain other opioids, also acts as a glycine receptor antagonist and GABA receptor antagonist at very high concentrations. Levorphanol is 6 to 8 times as potent as morphine at the MOR. Relative to morphine, levorphanol lacks complete cross-tolerance and possesses greater intrinsic activity at the MOR. The duration of action is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a medication most often used as a cough suppressant in over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. It is sold in syrup, tablet, spray, and lozenge forms. In 2022, the FDA approved a formulation of it combined with bupropion named Auvelity to serve as a rapid acting antidepressant in patients with major depressive disorder. It is in the morphinan class of medications with sedative, dissociative, and stimulant properties (at lower doses). Dextromethorphan does not have a significant affinity for the mu-opioid receptor activity typical of morphinan compounds and exerts its therapeutic effects through several other receptors. In its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as a white powder. Dextromethorphan is also used recreationally. When exceeding approved dosages, dextromethorphan acts as a dissociative hallucinogen. It has multiple mechanisms of action, including actions as a nonselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a sigma-1 receptor agonis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methorphan
Methorphan comes in two isomeric forms, each with differing pharmacology and effects: * Dextromethorphan - An over-the-counter cough suppressant, as well as dissociative hallucinogen. * Levomethorphan - A potent opioid analgesic that was never clinically developed; a prodrug of the powerful opioid agonist analgesic levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran). Racemethorphan refers to the racemic mixture of both of these stereoisomers. It is listed under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is therefore listed in the United States as a Controlled Substance, specifically as a Narcotic in Schedule II with an ACSCN of 9732 and an annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 3 grams in 2014. The salts in use are the hydrobromide (free base conversion ratio 0.770) and the tartrate (0.644) See also * Morphinan * Racemorphan Racemorphan, or morphanol, is the racemic mixture of the two stereoisomers of 17-methylmorphinan-3-ol, each with differing pharmacology and effects: * Dext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
